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Rodríguez-Fernández JE, Rojo M, Avilés-Moreno JR, Ocón P. Clean H 2 Production by Lignin-Assisted Electrolysis in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Flow Reactor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093525. [PMID: 37176407 PMCID: PMC10180452 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived products, such as lignin, are interesting resources for energetic purposes. Lignin is a natural polymer that, when added to the anode of an alkaline exchange membrane water electrolyser, enhances H2 production rates and efficiencies due to the substitution of the oxygen evolution reaction. Higher efficiencies are reported when different catalytic materials are employed for constructing the lignin anolyte, demonstrating that lower catalytic loadings for the anode improves the H2 production when compared to higher loadings. Furthermore, when a potential of -1.8 V is applied, higher gains are obtained than when -2.3 V is applied. An increase of 200% of H2 flow rates with respect to water electrolysis is reported when commercial lignin is used coupled with Pt-Ru at 0.09 mg cm-2 and E = -1.8 V is applied at the cathode. This article provides deep information about the oxidation process, as well as an optimisation of the method of the lignin electro-oxidation in a flow-reactor as a pre-step for an industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Enrique Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rojo
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ocón
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Trimetallic Nanoalloy of NiFeCo Embedded in Phosphidated Nitrogen Doped Carbon Catalyst for Efficient Electro-Oxidation of Kraft Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183781. [PMID: 36145928 PMCID: PMC9503039 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, electro-oxidation of kraft lignin has been reported as a prominent electrochemical reaction to generate hydrogen at lower overpotential in alkaline water electrolysis. However, this reaction is highly limited by the low performance of existing electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a novel yet effective catalyst that comprises nonprecious trimetallic (Ni, Fe, and Co) nanoalloy as a core in a phosphidated nitrogen-doped carbon shell (referred to as sample P-NiFeCo/NC) for efficient electro-oxidation of kraft lignin at different temperatures in alkaline medium. The as-synthesized catalyst electro-oxidizes lignin only at 0.2 V versus Hg/HgO, which is almost three times less positive potential than in the conventional oxygen evolution reaction (0.59 V versus Hg/HgO) at 6.4 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. The catalyst demonstrates a turnover frequency (TOF) three to five times greater in lignin containing 1 M KOH than that of pure 1 M KOH. More importantly, the catalyst P-NiFeCo/NC shows theoretical hydrogen production of about 0.37 μmoles/min in the presence of lignin, much higher than that in pure 1 M KOH (0.0078 μ moles/min). Thus, this work verifies the benefit of the NiFeCo nanoalloy incorporated in carbon matrix, providing the way to realize a highly active catalyst for the electro-oxidation of kraft lignin.
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Xie Y, Wang X, Men J, Qin F. Study on the migration performance of Cs(I) in the treatment of simulated radioactive wastewater by electrodialysis. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1613-1628. [PMID: 36178827 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a competitive radioactive wastewater treatment technology, electrodialysis (ED) has the advantages of low operating pressure and high cycles of concentration. In order to analyze the migration performance of radionuclides during the treatment of radioactive wastewater by ED, a radionuclide migration model was constructed based on the mass conservation law and Faraday's law with the typical radionuclide cesium as the research object. Experiments were carried out for the treatment of simulated radioactive wastewater in a small-scale ED system, and the average migration rate of radionuclides under different operating conditions was predicted by the model. The results showed that the experimental values of concentration and average migration rate of Cs(I) were significantly correlated with the calculated values of the model, in which the relative error of the average migration rate was 4.54%. The variation characteristics of Cs(I) concentration in diluted solution under different current and volume ratio conditions can be predicted by the model. The average variation rate of Cs(I) concentration decreases significantly with the increase of current and volume ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Xie
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
| | - Jinfeng Men
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
| | - Feibo Qin
- Naval university of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China E-mail:
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Hibino T, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T. Biomass solid oxide fuel cell using solid weed waste as fuel. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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An Investigation of a (Vinylbenzyl) Trimethylammonium and N-Vinylimidazole-Substituted Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene) Copolymer as an Anion-Exchange Membrane in a Lignin-Oxidising Electrolyser. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060425. [PMID: 34199371 PMCID: PMC8226880 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrolysis is seen as a promising route for the production of hydrogen from water, as part of a move to a wider “hydrogen economy”. The electro-oxidation of renewable feedstocks offers an alternative anode couple to the (high-overpotential) electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction for developing low-voltage electrolysers. Meanwhile, the exploration of new membrane materials is also important in order to try and reduce the capital costs of electrolysers. In this work, we synthesise and characterise a previously unreported anion-exchange membrane consisting of a fluorinated polymer backbone grafted with imidazole and trimethylammonium units as the ion-conducting moieties. We then investigate the use of this membrane in a lignin-oxidising electrolyser. The new membrane performs comparably to a commercially-available anion-exchange membrane (Fumapem) for this purpose over short timescales (delivering current densities of 4.4 mA cm−2 for lignin oxidation at a cell potential of 1.2 V at 70 °C during linear sweep voltammetry), but membrane durability was found to be a significant issue over extended testing durations. This work therefore suggests that membranes of the sort described herein might be usefully employed for lignin electrolysis applications if their robustness can be improved.
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Raw biomass electroreforming coupled to green hydrogen generation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2008. [PMID: 33790295 PMCID: PMC8012647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress of coupling organic electrooxidation with hydrogen generation in a hybrid electrolysis, electroreforming of raw biomass coupled to green hydrogen generation has not been reported yet due to the rigid polymeric structures of raw biomass. Herein, we electrooxidize the most abundant natural amino biopolymer chitin to acetate with over 90% yield in hybrid electrolysis. The overall energy consumption of electrolysis can be reduced by 15% due to the thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable chitin oxidation over water oxidation. In obvious contrast to small organics as the anodic reactant, the abundance of chitin endows the new oxidation reaction excellent scalability. A solar-driven electroreforming of chitin and chitin-containing shrimp shell waste is coupled to safe green hydrogen production thanks to the liquid anodic product and suppression of oxygen evolution. Our work thus demonstrates a scalable and safe process for resource upcycling and green hydrogen production for a sustainable energy future. The scale-up of the coupling of water electroreduction (HER) with organic electrooxidation remains challenging. Here the authors address this challenge by coupling HER with electrooxidation of raw biomass chitin, cogenerating acetate and green hydrogen safely at high current density.
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King J, Chuang SS. Photoelectrochemical conversion of lignin to hydrogen: Lignin as an electron donor. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Garedew M, Lin F, Song B, DeWinter TM, Jackson JE, Saffron CM, Lam CH, Anastas PT. Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4214-4237. [PMID: 32460408 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization is essential for biorefineries to produce fuels and chemicals for a sustainable future. Today's biorefineries pursue profitable value propositions for cellulose and hemicellulose; however, lignin is typically used mainly for its thermal energy value. To enhance the profit potential for biorefineries, lignin valorization would be a necessary practice. Lignin valorization is greatly advantaged when biomass carbon is retained in the fuel and chemical products and when energy quality is enhanced by electrochemical upgrading. Though lignin upgrading and valorization are very desirable in principle, many barriers involved in lignin pretreatment, extraction, and depolymerization must be overcome to unlock its full potential. This Review addresses the electrochemical transformation of various lignins with the aim of gaining a better understanding of many of the barriers that currently exist in such technologies. These studies give insight into electrochemical lignin depolymerization and upgrading to value-added commodities with the end goal of achieving a global low-carbon circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet Garedew
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3020, New Zealand
| | - Tamara M DeWinter
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Christopher M Saffron
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chun Ho Lam
- City University of Hong Kong, School of Energy and Environment, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Paul T Anastas
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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9
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Jud W, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. A Continuous Flow Cell for High‐Temperature/High‐Pressure Electroorganic Synthesis. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jud
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
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Holade Y, Tuleushova N, Tingry S, Servat K, Napporn TW, Guesmi H, Cornu D, Kokoh KB. Recent advances in the electrooxidation of biomass-based organic molecules for energy, chemicals and hydrogen production. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent developments in biomass-derivative fuelled electrochemical converters for electricity or hydrogen production together with chemical electrosynthesis have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaovi Holade
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM – UMR 5635
- Univ. Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Nazym Tuleushova
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM – UMR 5635
- Univ. Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Sophie Tingry
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM – UMR 5635
- Univ. Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Karine Servat
- Université de Poitiers
- IC2MP UMR-CNRS 7285
- 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9
- France
| | - Teko W. Napporn
- Université de Poitiers
- IC2MP UMR-CNRS 7285
- 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9
- France
| | - Hazar Guesmi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier
- ICGM – UMR 5253
- Univ. Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - David Cornu
- Institut Européen des Membranes
- IEM – UMR 5635
- Univ. Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - K. Boniface Kokoh
- Université de Poitiers
- IC2MP UMR-CNRS 7285
- 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9
- France
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Abstract
The hazardous effects of pollutants from conventional fuel vehicles have caused the scientific world to move towards environmentally friendly energy sources. Though we have various renewable energy sources, the perfect one to use as an energy source for vehicles is hydrogen. Like electricity, hydrogen is an energy carrier that has the ability to deliver incredible amounts of energy. Onboard hydrogen storage in vehicles is an important factor that should be considered when designing fuel cell vehicles. In this study, a recent development in hydrogen fuel cell engines is reviewed to scrutinize the feasibility of using hydrogen as a major fuel in transportation systems. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that can produce electricity by allowing chemical gases and oxidants as reactants. With anodes and electrolytes, the fuel cell splits the cation and the anion in the reactant to produce electricity. Fuel cells use reactants, which are not harmful to the environment and produce water as a product of the chemical reaction. As hydrogen is one of the most efficient energy carriers, the fuel cell can produce direct current (DC) power to run the electric car. By integrating a hydrogen fuel cell with batteries and the control system with strategies, one can produce a sustainable hybrid car.
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Crisafulli R, de Lino Amorim FM, de Oliveira Marcionilio SM, Mendes Cunha W, S. de Araújo BR, Dias JA, Linares JJ. Electrochemistry for biofuels waste valorization: Vinasse as a reducing agent for Pt/C and its application to the electrolysis of glycerin and vinasse. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Caravaca A, Garcia-Lorefice WE, Gil S, de Lucas-Consuegra A, Vernoux P. Towards a sustainable technology for H2 production: Direct lignin electrolysis in a continuous-flow Polymer Electrolyte Membrane reactor. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Ito M, Hori T, Teranishi S, Nagao M, Hibino T. Intermediate-temperature electrolysis of energy grass Miscanthus sinensis for sustainable hydrogen production. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16186. [PMID: 30385863 PMCID: PMC6212540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biohydrogen produced from the electrolysis of biomass is promising because the onset voltages are less than 1.0 V and comparable to those of water and alcohol-water electrolysis. The present study focuses on Miscanthus sinensis as a model grass because of its abundance and ease of cultivation in Japan. The electrochemical performance and hydrogen formation properties of electrolysis cells using grass as a biohydrogen source were evaluated at intermediate temperature to achieve electrolysis. The components, such as holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, and extractives, were separated from Miscanthus sinensis to understand the reactions of Miscanthus sinensis in the electrolysis cell. The relatively high resistivity and low current-voltage performance of an electrolysis cell using lignin were responsible for degradation of the electrolysis properties compared to those with pure cellulose or holocellulose as biohydrogen resources. Biohydrogen was formed according to Faraday’s law and evolved continuously at 0.1 A cm−2 for 3,000 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ito
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Nagao
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Yb₂O₃ Doped Zr 0.92Y 0.08O 2-α(8YSZ) and Its Composite Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101824. [PMID: 30257504 PMCID: PMC6213107 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Yb3+ and Y3+ double doped ZrO2 (8YSZ+4Yb2O3) samples were synthesized by a solid state reaction method. Moreover, 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl composites were also successfully produced at different temperatures. The 8YSZ+4Yb2O3, 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl (800 °C), and 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl (1000 °C) samples were characterized by x–ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a dense composite electrolyte was formed at a low temperature of 800 °C. The maximum conductivities of 4.7 × 10−2 S·cm−1, 6.1 × 10−1 S·cm−1, and 3.8 × 10−1 S·cm−1 were achieved for the 8YSZ+4Yb2O3, 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl (800 °C), and 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl (1000 °C) samples at 700 °C, respectively. The logσ~log (pO2) plot result showed that the 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl (800 °C) composite electrolyte is a virtually pure ionic conductor. An excellent performance of the 8YSZ+4Yb2O3-NaCl/KCl (800 °C) composite was obtained with a maximum power density of 364 mW·cm−2 at 700 °C.
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