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Smołka S, Patel T, Pluczyk-Małek S, Turczyn R, Krukiewicz K. Iodonium-based pro-adhesive layers for robust adhesion of PEDOT:PSS to surfaces. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2338786. [PMID: 38680949 PMCID: PMC11047218 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2338786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical grafting of organic molecules to metal surfaces has been well-known as an efficient tool enabling tailored modification of surface at the nanoscale. Among many compounds with the ability to undergo the process of electrografting, iodonium salts belong to less frequently used, especially when compared with the most popular diazonium salts. Meanwhile, due to their increased stability, iodonium salts may be used in situations where the use of diazonium salts is constrained. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the electrochemical reduction of iodonium salts on the physicochemical properties of Pt electrodes, and the possibility to form pro-adhesive layers facilitating further functionalization purposes. Consequently, we have selected four commercially available iodonium salts (diphenyliodonium chloride, bis(4-tertbutylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate, (4-nitrophenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)iodonium triflate, bis(4-methylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate), and attached them to the surface of Pt electrodes by means of an electrochemical reduction process. As-formed layers were then extensively characterized in terms of wettability, roughness and charge transfer properties, and used as pro-adhesive coatings prior to the deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS. Due to the increase in hydrophilicity and roughness, modified electrodes increased the stability of PEDOT:PSS coating while maintaining its high capacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Smołka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Taral Patel
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sandra Pluczyk-Małek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Ishii K, Ogata G, Yamamoto T, Sun S, Shiigi H, Einaga Y. Designing Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Highly Selective Electrochemical Drug Sensors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1611-1619. [PMID: 38471116 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Drug detection in biological solutions is essential in studying the pharmacokinetics of the body. Electrochemical detection is an accurate and rapid method, but measuring multiple drugs that react at similar potentials is challenging. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to provide specificity in drug sensing. The MIP is a polymer material designed to recognize and capture template molecules, enabling the selective detection of target molecules. In this study, we selected the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) as the template molecule. In the electrochemical measurements using an unmodified BDD, the DOX reduction was observed at approximately -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Other drugs, i.e., mitomycin C or clonazepam (CZP), also underwent a reduction reaction at a similar potential to that of DOX, when using the unmodified BDD, which rendered the accurate quantification of DOX in a mixture challenging. Similar measurements conducted in PBS using the MIP-BDD only resulted in a DOX reduction current, with no reduction reaction observed in the presence of mitomycin C and CZP. These results suggest that the MIP, whose template molecule is DOX, inhibits the reduction of other drugs on the electrode surface. Selective DOX measurement using the MIP-BDD was also possible in human plasma, and the respective limits of detection of DOX in PBS and human plasma were 32.10 and 16.61 nM. The MIP-BDD was durable for use in six repeated measurements, and MIP-BDD may be applicable as an electrochemical sensor for application in therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Genki Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shuyi Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiigi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Wang Y, Lin Y, He S, Wu S, Yang C. Singlet oxygen: Properties, generation, detection, and environmental applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132538. [PMID: 37734310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is molecular oxygen in the excited state with high energy and electrophilic properties. It is widely found in nature, and its important role is gradually extending from chemical syntheses and medical techniques to environmental remediation. However, there exist ambiguities and controversies regarding detection methods, generation pathways, and reaction mechanisms which have hindered the understanding and applications of 1O2. For example, the inaccurate detection of 1O2 has led to an overestimation of its role in pollutant degradation. The difficulty in detecting multiple intermediate species obscures the mechanism of 1O2 production. The applications of 1O2 in environmental remediation have also not been comprehensively commented on. To fill these knowledge gaps, this paper systematically discussed the properties and generation of 1O2, reviewed the state-of-the-art detection methods for 1O2 and long-standing controversies in the catalytic systems. Future opportunities and challenges were also discussed regarding the applications of 1O2 in the degradation of pollutants dissolved in water and volatilized in the atmosphere, the disinfection of drinking water, the gas/solid sterilization, and the self-cleaning of filter membranes. This review is expected to provide a better understanding of 1O2-based advanced oxidation processes and practical applications in the environmental protection of 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shanying He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China.
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Su J, Calderón Gómez JC, Grundmeier G, González Orive A. Electrografting of 4-Nitrobenzenediazonium Salts on Al-7075 Alloy Surfaces-The Role of Intermetallic Particles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:894. [PMID: 33807354 PMCID: PMC8067352 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the electrografting of Al-7075 aluminium alloy substrates with 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salt (4-NBD) films was studied on a complex aluminium alloy surface. Prior to the electrografting reaction, the substrates were submitted to different surface treatments to modify the native aluminium oxide layer and unveil intermetallic particles (IMPs). The formation of the 4-NBD films could be correlated with the passive film state and the distribution of IMPs. The corresponding electrografting reaction was performed by cyclic voltammetry which allowed the simultaneous analysis of the redox reaction by a number of complementary surface-analytical techniques. Spatially resolved thin film analysis was performed by means of SEM-EDX, AFM, PM-IRRAS, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and SKPFM. The collected data show that the 4-NBD film is preferentially formed either on the Al oxide layer or the IMP surface depending on the applied potential range. Potentials between -0.1 and -1.0 VAg/AgCl mostly generated nitrophenylene films on the oxide covered aluminium, while grafting between -0.1 and -0.4 VAg/AgCl favours the growth of these films on IMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Su
- Department of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (J.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Calderón Gómez
- Department of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (J.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Department of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (J.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Alejandro González Orive
- Department of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (J.S.); (G.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Svalova TS, Malysheva NN, Bubekova AK, Saigushkina AA, Medvedeva MV, Kozitsina AN. Effect of the Method for Immobilizing Receptor Layer on the Analytical Characteristics of a Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Determination of Measles Antibodies. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482002015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Himori S, Nishitani S, Sakata T. Control of Potential Response to Small Biomolecules with Electrochemically Grafted Aryl-Based Monolayer in Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3701-3709. [PMID: 30779579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a monolayer film electrografted via diazonium chemistry for controlling the potential response of a field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor. 4-Nitrobenzenediazonium salt is electrografted on an extended-Au-gate FET (EG-Au-FET) with or without using a radical scavenger by cyclic voltammetry (CV), resulting in the formation of a monolayer or multilayer. In particular, the surface coverage of the aryl-derivative monolayer on the Au gate electrode gradually increases with increasing number of potential cycles in CV. Here, Au exhibits a strong catalytic action, resulting in the oxidation of organic compounds. Uric acid is used as a low-molecular-weight biomolecule for interference. The denser the surface coverage of the grafted monolayer, the smaller the potential response of the EG-Au-FET because the redox reaction of uric acid with the Au gate surface is suppressed. On the other hand, the effect of the aryl-derivative multilayer on the suppression of the potential response was smaller than that of the monolayer because the electrogenerated aryl radicals did not react with the Au surface but with the grafted species, resulting in an exposed part of the Au surface among the grafted aryl molecules. Thus, a platform based on such a monolayer film electrografted via diazonium chemistry is suitable for controlling the potential response based on the interference of low-molecular-weight biomolecules in biosamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Himori
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Shoichi Nishitani
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Toshiya Sakata
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
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