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Li S, Raja A, Noroozifar M, Kerman K. Understanding the Inhibitory and Antioxidant Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) on Copper(II)-Induced α-Synuclein-119 Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1178-1186. [PMID: 35413176 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the aggregation and misfolding of a-synuclein (a-syn) protein in dopaminergic neurons. The misfolding process is heavily linked to copper dysregulation in PD. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the co-presence of Cu(II) and α-syn facilitates the aggregation of α-syn, affecting the pathological development of PD. Recent literature has shown that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) contains strong neuroprotective activity by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by α-syn. Despite these known facts, minimal studies have been done on the antioxidant effect of PQQ against ROS formation in the presence of Cu(II) and α-syn-119. Thus, it is of great significance to study the interaction between all three components, PQQ, Cu(II), and α-syn-119. In this proof-of-concept study, a variety of chemical techniques were employed to examine the antioxidant effect of PQQ on ROS that α-syn-119 produced in the presence of Cu(II). Our results showed that PQQ effectively prevented ROS formation in SH-SY5Y human differentiated neuronal cells. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied, where PQQ was able to actively prevent fibrillation of α-syn-119 in the presence of Cu(II). This finding was further confirmed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), where the binding of PQQ to the α-syn-119 suppressed the aggregation process on the electrode surface. With these encouraging results, we envisage that PQQ and its derivatives can be a promising candidate for further studies as a multitarget therapeutic agent toward PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaoPei Li
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Aruna Raja
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Meissam Noroozifar
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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Wang Y, Xue Y, Wang S, Huang J, Yang X. Real-Time Analysis of Specific Binding between Apolipoprotein E Isoforms and Amyloid β-Peptide by Dual Polarization Interferometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1472-1479. [PMID: 33342209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathogenesis hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amyloid depositions and neurofibrillary tangles. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) acts a vital part in the development of AD by affecting the aggregation and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ). In this paper, a dual polarization interferometry (DPI) technique was employed for a real-time investigation toward the binding events of Apo E isoforms, for instance, Apo E2, Apo E3, and Apo E4, with Aβ1-40. By evaluation of detailed binding information provided by DPI, the affinities between Apo E isoforms and Aβ1-40 follow the order of E4 > E3 > E2, and the dissociation constants (KD) of Aβ1-40 with Apo E2, Apo E3, and Apo E4 were determined to be 251 ± 37, 40 ± 0.65, and 24.6 ± 2.42 nM, respectively. Our findings reveal the isoform-specific binding behaviors from a kinetics perspective, which can help us understand that Apo E4 has a higher risk of causing AD because of its promoting effect on Aβ aggregation and fibrillation and inefficient clearance of Aβ. Remarkably, this work provides a promising method for exploring the dynamics of interactions between biomolecules and expectantly contributes to the development of AD drugs and therapies targeting Apo E and Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianshe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Lima D, Hacke ACM, Inaba J, Pessôa CA, Kerman K. Electrochemical detection of specific interactions between apolipoprotein E isoforms and DNA sequences related to Alzheimer's disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 133:107447. [PMID: 32006858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) has a key role on the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), since it favours the deposition of toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. These effects might result from the interaction between ApoE4 and specific DNA promoters related to cellular autophagy pathways and to the expression of neuroprotective proteins, like sirtuin-1. Herein, we modified gold electrodes with mixed self-assembled monolayers of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol and thiolated DNA oligonucleotides related to CLEAR (associated with autophagic processes that enable the clearance of toxic species, such as Aβ) and SirT1 (related to the expression of sirtuin-1) promoter sequences. The interactions of the immobilized DNA sequences with isoforms of ApoE (ApoE4/ApoE3/ApoE2) were investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. By monitoring current and charge transfer resistance (Rct) variations, CLEAR showed to interact specifically with ApoE4, whereas SirT1 showed a higher affinity to ApoE4 compared to ApoE3 and ApoE2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the application of electrochemical techniques to investigate the sequence-specific interaction between ApoE isoforms and CLEAR and SirT1 oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhésmon Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Hacke
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Inaba
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Christiana A Pessôa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, ON, Canada.
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