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Al-Jeda M, Mena-Morcillo E, Chen A. Micro-Sized pH Sensors Based on Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2143. [PMID: 36557442 PMCID: PMC9785626 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pH changes at the micro/nano scale is essential to gain a fundamental understanding of surface processes. Detection of local pH changes at the electrode/electrolyte interface can be achieved through the use of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors. When combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), these sensors can provide measurements with high spatial resolution. This article reviews the state-of-the-art design and fabrication of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors, as well as their applications based on SECM. Considerations for selecting sensing probes for use in biological studies, corrosion science, in energy applications, and for environmental research are examined. Different types of pH sensitive probes are summarized and compared. Finally, future trends and emerging applications of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aicheng Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54764)
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Santos CS, Botz A, Bandarenka AS, Ventosa E, Schuhmann W. Correlative Electrochemical Microscopy for the Elucidation of the Local Ionic and Electronic Properties of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202744. [PMID: 35312219 PMCID: PMC9322322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in the stability of lithium‐ion batteries as the SEI prevents the continuous degradation of the electrolyte at the anode. The SEI acts as an insulating layer for electron transfer, still allowing the ionic flux through the layer. We combine the feedback and multi‐frequency alternating‐current modes of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for the first time to assess quantitatively the local electronic and ionic properties of the SEI varying the SEI formation conditions and the used electrolytes in the field of Li‐ion batteries (LIB). Correlations between the electronic and ionic properties of the resulting SEI on a model Cu electrode demonstrates the unique feasibility of the proposed strategy to provide the two essential properties of an SEI: ionic and electronic conductivity in dependence on the formation conditions, which is anticipated to exhibit a significant impact on the field of LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Santos
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr.150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Santos CS, Botz A, Bandarenka AS, Ventosa E, Schuhmann W. Korrelative elektrochemische Mikroskopie zur Aufklärung der lokalen ionischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften der Festkörper‐Elektrolyt Zwischenphase in Li‐Ionen‐Batterien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Santos
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Physik-Department Technische Universität München James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- Department of Chemistry University of Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n 09001 Burgos Spanien
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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Liu S, Zeng X, Liu D, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhao R, Kang F, Li B. Understanding the Conductive Carbon Additive on Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Formation in Lithium-Ion Batteries via in situ Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Front Chem 2020; 8:114. [PMID: 32161749 PMCID: PMC7052374 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of conductive carbon additive on the electrode/electrolyte interface formation mechanism was examined in the low-potential (3.0–0 V) and high-potential (3.0–4.7 V) regions. Here the most commonly used conductive carbon Super P was used to prepared electrode with polyvinylidene fluoride binder without any active material. The dynamic process of interface formation was observed with in situ Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. The electronically insulating electrode/electrolyte passivation layer with areal heterogeneity was formed after cycles in both potential regions. The low-potential interface layer is mainly composed of inorganic compounds covering the conductive carbon surface; While the electrode after high-potential sweep tends to lose its original carbon structure and has more organic species formed on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety Research and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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