1
|
Guthrie D, Saathoff JM, Sahani RL, Nunes De Souza A, Cook DW, Hochstetler SR, Burns JM, Moazeni-Pourasil RS, Wierzbicki J, Ahmad S, Laidlaw GM, Gupton BF, Shanahan CS, Klumpp DA, Jin L. Synthetic Process Development of ( R)-(+)-1,2-Epoxy-5-hexene: An Important Chiral Building Block. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:3197-3205. [PMID: 39171130 PMCID: PMC11334172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe two practical approaches to synthesize (R)-(+)-1,2-epoxy-5-hexene from inexpensive and readily available raw materials and reagents. The first approach is a two-step sequence, involving an epoxidation with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) and a chiral resolution with (salen)Co(II), producing (R)-(+)-1,2-epoxy-5-hexene in 24-30% overall yield. The second approach utilizes readily available (R)-epichlorohydrin as the starting material and features an epoxide ring-opening reaction with allylMgCl and the NaOH-mediated ring closure reaction. Development of this two-step process affords R-(+)-1,2-epoxy-5-hexene in overall isolated yields of 55-60% with an exceptional purity profile. Both approaches have been successfully demonstrated on 100-200 g scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel W. Cook
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Samuel R. Hochstetler
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Justina M. Burns
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | | | - Janie Wierzbicki
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - G. Michael Laidlaw
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Charles S. Shanahan
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Limei Jin
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mozumi R, Fukaya K, Ito H, Komatsu T, Urabe D. Synthesis of Macrolactone Core of ent-Formosalide A via Regioselective Ether Cyclization. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38712873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Formosalide A is a cytotoxic macrolide isolated from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum sp, whose structure is characterized by functionalized 5- and 6-membered ether rings embedded in the macrolactone and an all cis-tetraene side chain. Here, we report the synthesis of the macrolactone core of ent-formosalide A. Our approach is highlighted by the Au-mediated 6-exo-dig cyclization for the synthesis of the 6-membered ether ring, which proceeded in a highly regioselective manner. Control experiments demonstrated that the acyclic protecting group of the C9,C10-diol was crucial for the desired 6-exo-dig cyclization. Theoretical studies were performed focusing on structural component analysis, which suggested that the C8-C9-C10-C11 dihedral angle induced by the protecting group controlled the regioselectivity. An additional 6 steps including Shiina macrolactone formation from the 6-membered ether ring completed the synthesis of the macrolactone core of ent-formosalide A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mozumi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukaya
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hina Ito
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tomomi Komatsu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chester KA, Baker M, Mayer A. Overcoming the immunologic response to foreign enzymes in cancer therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:549-59. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.4.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Liu Y, Bajjuri KM, Liu C, Sinha SC. Targeting cell surface alpha(v)beta(3) integrin increases therapeutic efficacies of a legumain protease-activated auristatin prodrug. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:168-75. [PMID: 22044266 DOI: 10.1021/mp200434n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) prodrug 8 was designed and prepared that bound cell surface glycoprotein integrin αvβ3, and was activated using legumain protease as a catalyst. Upon activation, prodrug 8 strongly induced the death of MDA-MB-435 cells that express integrin αvβ3 on cell surface. Efficacies of prodrug 8 were also determined in vivo using animal models of 4T1 murine breast cancer, D121 Lewis lung carcinoma, and MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer. The results demonstrated that prodrug 8 decreased tumor growth and metastasis effectively. In comparison to the parent cytotoxin, MMAE, and prodrug 3, prodrug 8 was less toxic to mouse white blood cells. The latter caused no loss in weight gain of mice at a dose 3 mg/kg, which is over 30 times in excess to MMAE (0.1 mg/kg). We hypothesize that overexpression and colocalization of integrin αvβ3 and legumain protease on tumor cells, tumor vasculature, and/or tumor microenvironments can be exploited to enhance the efficacy and selectivity of potent cytotoxins, such as MMAE, which is otherwise too toxic to use for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bajjuri KM, Liu Y, Liu C, Sinha SC. The legumain protease-activated auristatin prodrugs suppress tumor growth and metastasis without toxicity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:54-9. [PMID: 21154805 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Bajjuri
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gavrilyuk J, Uehara H, Otsubo N, Hessell A, Burton DR, Barbas CF. Potent inhibition of HIV-1 entry with a chemically programmed antibody aided by an efficient organocatalytic synthesis. Chembiochem 2011; 11:2113-8. [PMID: 20845359 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gavrilyuk
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wuellner U, Gavrilyuk JI, Barbas CF. Expanding the concept of chemically programmable antibodies to RNA aptamers: chemically programmed biotherapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5934-7. [PMID: 20645365 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wuellner
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wuellner U, Gavrilyuk J, Barbas C. Expanding the Concept of Chemically Programmable Antibodies to RNA Aptamers: Chemically Programmed Biotherapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
9
|
Bennasar ML, Roca T, García-Díaz D. A New Acyl Radical-based Route to the 1,5-Methanoazocino[4,3-b]indole Framework of Uleine and Strychnos Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9033-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tomàs Roca
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Davinia García-Díaz
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abraham S, Guo F, Li LS, Rader C, Liu C, Barbas CF, Lerner RA, Sinha SC. Synthesis of the next-generation therapeutic antibodies that combine cell targeting and antibody-catalyzed prodrug activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5584-9. [PMID: 17372220 PMCID: PMC1838444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700223104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An obstacle in the utilization of catalytic Abs for selective prodrug activation in cancer therapy has been systemic tumor targeting. Here we report the generation of catalytic Abs that effectively target tumor cells with undiminished prodrug activation capability. Ab conjugates were prepared by covalent conjugation of an integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-targeting antagonist to catalytic Ab 38C2 through either sulfide groups of cysteine residues generated by reduction of the disulfide bridges in the hinge region or surface lysine residues not involved in the catalytic activity. Using flow cytometry, the Ab conjugates were shown to bind efficiently to integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-expressing human breast cancer cells. The Ab conjugates also retained the retro-aldol activity of their parental catalytic Ab 38C2, as measured by methodol and doxorubicin (dox) prodrug activation. Complementing these Ab conjugates, an evolved set of dox prodrugs was designed and synthesized. Dox prodrugs that showed higher stability and lower toxicity were evaluated both in the presence and absence of the integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-targeting 38C2 conjugates for cell-killing efficacy by using human breast cancer cells. Our study reveals that cell targeting and prodrug activation capabilities can be efficiently combined for selective chemotherapy with novel dox prodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Abraham
- *Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lian-Sheng Li
- *Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and
| | - Christoph Rader
- *Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Carlos F. Barbas
- *Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- *Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - Subhash C. Sinha
- *Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|