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Castro Júnior JGM, Rocha WR. Theoretical investigation of [Ru(bpy) 2(HAT)] 2+ (HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine): Photophysics and reactions in excited state. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120817. [PMID: 35030417 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, Density Functional Theory based calculations, including dispersion corrections, PBE0(D3BJ)/Def2-TZVP(-f), were performed to elucidate the photophysics of the [Ru(bpy)2(HAT)]2+ complex in water. In addition, the thermodynamics of the charge and electron transfer excited state reactions of this complex with oxygen, nitric oxide and Guanosine-5'-monophosphate nucleotide (GMP) were investigated. The first singlet excite state, S1, strongly couples with the second and third triplet excited states (T2 and T3) giving rise to a high intersystem crossing rate of 6.26 × 1011 s-1 which is ∼106 greater than the fluorescence rate decay. The thermodynamics of the excited reactions revealed that all electron transfer reactions investigated are highly favorable, due mainly to the high stability of the triply charged radical cation 2PS•3+ species formed after the electron has been transferred. Excited state electron transfer from the GMP nucleotide to the complex is also highly favorable (ΔGsol = -92.6 kcal/mol), showing that this complex can be involved in the photooxidation of DNA, in line with experimental findings. Therefore, the calculations allow to conclude that the [Ru(bpy)2(HAT)]2+ complex can act in Photodynamic therapy through both mechanisms type I and II, through electron transfer from and to the complex and triplet-triplet energy transfer, generating ROS, RNOS and through DNA photooxidation. In addition, the work also opens a perspective of using this complex for the in-situ generation of the singlet nitroxyl (1NO-) species, which can have important applications for the generation of HNO and may have, therefore, important impact for physiological studies involving HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Geraldo M Castro Júnior
- Laboratório de Estudos Computacionais em Sistemas Moleculares, eCsMo(lab), Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Willian R Rocha
- Laboratório de Estudos Computacionais em Sistemas Moleculares, eCsMo(lab), Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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3
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Yu B, Rees TW, Liang J, Jin C, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. DNA interaction of ruthenium(ii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3914-3921. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The DNA interaction properties of four Ru(ii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives were investigated by spectral titration, gel electrophoresis (GAR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bole Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Thomas W. Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jiewen Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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4
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Maisuls I, Cabrerizo FM, David-Gara PM, Epe B, Ruiz GT. DNA Oxidation Photoinduced by Norharmane Rhenium(I) Polypyridyl Complexes: Effect of the Bidentate N,N′-Ligands on the Damage Profile. Chemistry 2018; 24:12902-12911. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas; Instituto de Tecnologia Chascomus (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM); I. Marino, Km 8.2 CC 164 (7130) Chascomus Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP); CCT La Plata-CONICET; Diag. 113 y 64, Suc. 4, C.C. 16 (B1906ZAA) La Plata Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas; Instituto de Tecnologia Chascomus (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM); I. Marino, Km 8.2 CC 164 (7130) Chascomus Argentina
| | - Pedro M. David-Gara
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOP-CONICET-CIC); Universidad Nacional de La Plata; C.C.3 (1897) La Plata Argentina
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Staudingerweg 5 D-55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Gustavo T. Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA); Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP); CCT La Plata-CONICET; Diag. 113 y 64, Suc. 4, C.C. 16 (B1906ZAA) La Plata Argentina
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5
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Kajouj S, Marcelis L, Mattiuzzi A, Grassin A, Dufour D, Van Antwerpen P, Boturyn D, Defrancq E, Surin M, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Jabin I, Moucheron C. Synthesis and photophysical studies of a multivalent photoreactive Ru II-calix[4]arene complex bearing RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1758-1768. [PMID: 30112081 PMCID: PMC6071717 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactive ruthenium-based complexes are actively studied for their biological applications as potential theragnostic agents against cancer. One major issue of these inorganic complexes is to penetrate inside cells in order to fulfil their function, either sensing the internal cell environment or exert a photocytotoxic activity. The use of lipophilic ligands allows the corresponding ruthenium complexes to passively diffuse inside cells but limits their structural and photophysical properties. Moreover, this strategy does not provide any cell selectivity. This limitation is also faced by complexes anchored on cell-penetrating peptides. In order to provide a selective cell targeting, we developed a multivalent system composed of a photoreactive ruthenium(II) complex tethered to a calix[4]arene platform bearing multiple RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides. Extensive photophysical and photochemical characterizations of this Ru(II)–calixarene conjugate as well as the study of its photoreactivity in the presence of guanosine monophosphate have been achieved. The results show that the ruthenium complex should be able to perform efficiently its photoinduced cytotoxic activity, once incorporated into targeted cancer cells thanks to the multivalent platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kajouj
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/08, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcelis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/08, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.,Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Mattiuzzi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/06, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrien Grassin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus de la Plaine, CP205/05, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus de la Plaine, CP205/05, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Eric Defrancq
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons - UMONS, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/06, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/08, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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6
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Estalayo-Adrián S, Garnir K, Moucheron C. Perspectives of ruthenium(ii) polyazaaromatic photo-oxidizing complexes photoreactive towards tryptophan-containing peptides and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:322-337. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in the search for RuII polyazaaromatic complexes as molecular photoreagents for tryptophan-containing peptides and proteins, in view of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Estalayo-Adrián
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - K. Garnir
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - C. Moucheron
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
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7
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Troian-Gautier L, Mugeniwabagara E, Fusaro L, Cauët E, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Luhmer M. Photo-CIDNP Reveals Different Protonation Sites Depending on the Primary Step of the Photoinduced Electron-/Proton-Transfer Process with Ru(II) Polyazaaromatic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14909-14912. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie (CP 160/08), ‡Laboratoire de Résonance
Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution (CP 160/08), and §Service de Chimie
Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Epiphanie Mugeniwabagara
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie (CP 160/08), ‡Laboratoire de Résonance
Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution (CP 160/08), and §Service de Chimie
Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie (CP 160/08), ‡Laboratoire de Résonance
Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution (CP 160/08), and §Service de Chimie
Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie (CP 160/08), ‡Laboratoire de Résonance
Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution (CP 160/08), and §Service de Chimie
Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie (CP 160/08), ‡Laboratoire de Résonance
Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution (CP 160/08), and §Service de Chimie
Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie (CP 160/08), ‡Laboratoire de Résonance
Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution (CP 160/08), and §Service de Chimie
Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Laramée-Milette B, Nastasi F, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Hanan GS. Photo-Induced Assembly of a Luminescent Tetraruthenium Square. Chemistry 2017; 23:16497-16504. [PMID: 28922481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a powerful synthetic tool that has led to the development of one-, two- and three-dimensional architectures. From MOFs to molecular flasks, self-assembled materials have proven to be of great interest to the scientific community. Here we describe a strategy for the construction and de-construction of a supramolecular structure through unprecedented photo-induced assembly and dis-assembly. The combination of two approaches, a [n×1]-directional bonding strategy and a ligand photo-dissociation strategy, allows the photo-induced assembly of a polypyridyl RuII precursor into a discrete molecular square. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of a higher volume species, while the identity of the species was established by high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The self-assembled square is not obtained by classical thermal techniques in similar conditions, but is obtained only by light-irradiation. The tetraruthenium square has an excited-state lifetime (135 ns), 40 times that of its mononuclear precursor and its luminescence quantum yield (1.0 %) is three orders of magnitude higher. These remarkable luminescence properties are closely related to the relatively rigid square structure of the tetraruthenium assembly, as suggested by slow radiationless decay and transient absorption spectroscopy. The results described herein are a rare example of photo-induced assembly and dis-assembly processes, and can open the way to a new avenue in supramolecular chemistry, leading to the preparation of structurally organized supermolecules by photochemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Laramée-Milette
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 5155 Ch. de la Rampe, Pavillon J.-A. Bombardier, Montréal, QC, H3T 2B1, Canada
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, and, Centro di ricerca interuniversitario per la conversione chimica dell'energia solare (SOLAR-CHEM), 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, and, Centro di ricerca interuniversitario per la conversione chimica dell'energia solare (SOLAR-CHEM), 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, and, Centro di ricerca interuniversitario per la conversione chimica dell'energia solare (SOLAR-CHEM), 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Garry S Hanan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 5155 Ch. de la Rampe, Pavillon J.-A. Bombardier, Montréal, QC, H3T 2B1, Canada
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Cardin CJ, Kelly JM, Quinn SJ. Photochemically active DNA-intercalating ruthenium and related complexes - insights by combining crystallography and transient spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4705-4723. [PMID: 28936338 PMCID: PMC5596416 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the study of the interaction of ruthenium polypyridyl compounds and defined sequence nucleic acids is reviewed. Particular emphasis is paid to complexes [Ru(LL)2(Int)]2+ containing potentially intercalating ligands (Int) such as dipyridophenazine (dppz), which are known to display light-switching or photo-oxidising behaviour, depending on the nature of the ancillary ligands. X-ray crystallography has made a key contribution to our understanding, and the first complete survey of structural results is presented. These include sequence, enantiomeric, substituent and structural specificities. The use of ultrafast transient spectroscopic methods to probe the ultrafast processes for complexes such as [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ and [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ when bound to mixed sequence oligonucleotides are reviewed with particular attention being paid to the complementary advantages of transient (visible) absorption and time-resolved (mid) infra-red techniques to probe spectral changes in the metal complex and in the nucleic acid. The observed photophysical properties are considered in light of the structural information obtained from X-ray crystallography. In solution, metal complexes can be expected to bind at more than one DNA step, so that a perfect correlation of the photophysical properties and factors such as the orientation or penetration of the ligand into the intercalation pocket should not be expected. This difficulty can be obviated by carrying out TRIR studies in the crystals. Dppz complexes also undergo insertion, especially with mismatched sequences. Future areas for study such as those involving non-canonical forms of DNA, such as G-quadruplexes or i-motifs are also briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Cardin
- School of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
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10
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Kajouj S, Marcélis L, Lemaur V, Beljonne D, Moucheron C. Photochemistry of ruthenium(ii) complexes based on 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene and 2,2′-bipyrazine: a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6623-6633. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive study of ruthenium complexes based on 2,2′-bipyrazine and 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene, which can be used as photoreactive materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kajouj
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- (U. L. B.)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- (U. L. B.)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- (U. L. B.)
- Bruxelles
- Belgium
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11
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Troian-Gautier L, Mugeniwabagara E, Fusaro L, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Luhmer M. pH Dependence of Photoinduced Electron Transfer with [Ru(TAP)3]2+. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:1794-1803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie and §Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique
Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Epiphanie Mugeniwabagara
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie and §Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique
Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie and §Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique
Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie and §Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique
Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie and §Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique
Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Photochimie and §Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique
Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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12
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Marcélis L, Rebarz M, Lemaur V, Fron E, De Winter J, Moucheron C, Gerbaux P, Beljonne D, Sliwa M, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Photoaddition of two guanine bases to single Ru-TAP complexes. Computational studies and ultrafast spectroscopies to elucidate the pH dependence of primary processes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4488-500. [PMID: 25747733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The covalent photoadduct (PA) between [Ru(TAP)3](2+) (TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) opened the way to interesting photobiological applications. In this context, the PA's capability upon illumination to give rise to the addition of a second guanine base is especially interesting. The origins of these intriguing properties are for the first time thoroughly investigated by an experimental and theoretical approach. The PA's spectroscopic and redox data combined with TDDFT results corroborated with resonance Raman data show that the properties of this PA (pKa around 7) depend on the solution pH. Theoretical results indicate that the acid form PA.H(+) when excited should relax to MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited states, in contrast to the basic form PA whose excited state should have LLCT/ILCT (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer/intra ligand charge transfer) characteristics. Ultrafast excitation of PA.H(+) at pH 5.9 produces continuous dynamic processes in a few hundred picoseconds involving coupled proton-electron transfers responsible for luminescence quenching. Long-lived species of a few microseconds capable of reacting with GMP are produced at that pH, in agreement with the formation of covalent addition of a second GMP to PA, as shown by mass spectrometry results. In contrast, at pH 8 (mainly nonprotonated PA), other ultrafast transient species are detected and no GMP biadduct is formed in the presence of GMP. This pH dependence of photoreaction can be rationalized with the different nature of the excited states, thus at pH 8, unreactive LLCT/ILCT states and at pH 5.9 reactive MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Marcélis
- §Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mateusz Rebarz
- †Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman UMR 8516, CNRS-Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- ‡Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, UMons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- @Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- ∥Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, UMons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- §Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- ∥Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, UMons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- ‡Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, UMons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Michel Sliwa
- †Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman UMR 8516, CNRS-Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker
- §Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Sista P, Ghosh K, Martinez JS, Rocha RC. Metallo-Biopolymers: Conjugation Strategies and Applications. POLYM REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2014.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Gicquel E, Souchard JP, Magnusson F, Chemaly J, Calsou P, Vicendo P. Role of intercalation and redox potential in DNA photosensitization by ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: assessment using DNA repair protein tests. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 12:1517-26. [PMID: 23835850 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report that the photoreactivity of ruthenium(II) complexes with nucleobases may not only be modulated by their photoredox properties but also by their DNA binding mode. The damage resulting from photolysis of synthetic oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA by [Ru(bpz)3](2+), [Ru(bipy)3](2+) and the two DNA intercalating agents [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) and [Ru(bipy)2dppz](2+) has been monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by tests using proteins involved in DNA repair processes (DNA-PKCs, Ku80, Ku70, and PARP-1). The data show that intercalation controls the nature of the DNA damage photo-induced by ruthenium(II) complexes reacting with DNA via an electron transfer process. The intercalating agent [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) is a powerful DNA breaker inducing the formation of both single and double (DSBs) strand breaks which are recognized by the PARP-1 and DNA-PKCs proteins respectively. [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) is the first ruthenium(II) complex described in the literature that is able to induce DSBs by an electron transfer process. In contrast, its non-intercalating parent compound, [Ru(bpz)3](2+), is mostly an efficient DNA alkylating agent. Photoadducts are recognized by the proteins Ku70 and Ku80 as with cisplatin adducts. This result suggests that photoaddition of [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) is strongly affected by its DNA intercalation whereas its photonuclease activity is exalted. The data clearly show that DNA intercalation decreases drastically the photonuclease activity of ruthenium(II) complexes oxidizing guanine via the production of singlet oxygen. Interestingly, the DNA sequencing data revealed that the ligand dipyridophenazine exhibits on single-stranded oligonucleotides a preference for the 5'-TGCGT-3' sequence. Moreover the use of proteins involved in DNA repair processes to detect DNA damage was a powerful tool to examine the photoreactivity of ruthenium(II) complexes with nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gicquel
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Marcélis L, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Ru-TAP complexes and DNA: from photo-induced electron transfer to gene photo-silencing in living cells. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120131. [PMID: 23776293 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, examples of applications of the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process between photo-oxidizing Ru-TAP (TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) complexes and DNA or oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are discussed. Applications using a free Ru-TAP complex (not chemically anchored to an ODN) are first considered. In this case, the PET gives rise to the production of an irreversible adduct of the Ru complex on a guanine (G) base, with formation of a covalent bond. After absorption of a second photon, this adduct can generate a bi-adduct, whereby the same complex binds to a second G moiety. These bi-adduct formations are responsible for photo-cross-linking between two strands of a duplex, each containing a G base, or between two G moieties of a single strand such as a telomeric sequence, as demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses or mass spectrometry. Scanning force microscopy also allows the detection of such photobridgings with plasmid DNA. Other applications, for example with Ru-ODN, i.e. ODN with chemically anchored Ru-TAP complexes, are also discussed. It is shown that such Ru-ODN probes containing a G base in their own sequences are capable of photo-cross-linking selectively with their targeted complementary sequences, and, in the absence of such targets, they self-photo-inhibit. Such processes are applied successfully in gene photo-silencing of human papillomavirus cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Marcélis
- Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Marcélis L, Ghesquière J, Garnir K, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Moucheron C. Photo-oxidizing RuII complexes and light: Targeting biomolecules via photoadditions. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Photochemically relevant DNA-based molecular systems enabling chemical and signal transductions and their analytical applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Transient spectroscopy of dipyridophenazine metal complexes which undergo photo-induced electron transfer with DNA. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bencini A, Lippolis V. 1,10-Phenanthroline: A versatile building block for the construction of ligands for various purposes. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stagni S, Palazzi A, Brulatti P, Salmi M, Muzzioli S, Zacchini S, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F. 5-(2-Thienyl)tetrazolates as Ligands for RuII-Polypyridyl Complexes: Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Photophysical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A RuII-TAP Complex, Photoreagent for Tryptophan-Containing Peptides: Structure of the Covalent Photoadduct. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6796-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Ghizdavu L, Pierard F, Rickling S, Aury S, Surin M, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R, Murat P, Defrancq E, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Oxidizing Ru(II) complexes as irreversible and specific photo-cross-linking agents of oligonucleotide duplexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:10988-94. [PMID: 19874040 DOI: 10.1021/ic901007w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidizing polyazaaromatic Ru(II) complexes containing two TAP ligands (TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) are able under illumination to cross-link irreversibly the two strands of an oligonucleotide (ODN) duplex by covalent bond formation. The cross-linking proceeds by two successive absorptions of a photon. An adduct of the metallic complex on a guanine (G) base of one ODN strand is first photoproduced, followed by a second photoaddition of the same Ru species to a G base of the complementary strand, provided that the two G moieties are separated by 0 or 1 base pair. These two processes lead to the cross-linking of the two strands. Such a photo-cross-linking is easily detected with [Ru(TAP)(2)(phen)](2+) (1; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and [Ru(HAT)(2)(phen)](2+) (2; HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene), whereas it is not observed with [Ru(TAP)(2)TPAC](2+) (3; TPAC = tetrapyridoacridine) at the same level of loading of the duplex by 3. With a concentration of 3 similar to that of 1 and 2, when the loading of the duplex by 3 is much more important than with 1 and 2, the photo-cross-linking with 3 can thus also be observed. As 3 intercalates its TPAC ligand into the base pairs stack, its mobility is restricted in the duplex. In contrast, 1 and 2 can adopt different geometries of interaction, which probably facilitate the photo-cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Ghizdavu
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Chimie Organique et Photochimie CP 160/08, av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Perrier S, Mugeniwabagara E, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Hore PJ, Luhmer M. Exploring photoreactions between polyazaaromatic Ru(II) complexes and biomolecules by chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization measurements. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12458-65. [PMID: 19658383 DOI: 10.1021/ja9024287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state (1)H photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) experiments were conducted at 14.1 T on deoxygenated (buffered pH 7) aqueous solutions of [Ru(phen)(3)](2+), [Ru(tap)(2)(phen)](2+), and [Ru(tap)(3)](2+) (tap = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) in the presence of guanosine-5'-monophosphate or N-acetyltyrosine. For the first time, CIDNP arising from photo-oxidation by polyazaaromatic Ru(II) complexes is reported. In agreement with the occurrence of a photo-electron-transfer process, photo-CIDNP effects are observed with [Ru(tap)(3)](2+) and [Ru(tap)(2)(phen)](2+) but not with [Ru(phen)(3)](2+). With [Ru(tap)(2)(phen)](2+), no significant photo-CIDNP is observed for the (1)H nuclei of the phen ligand, consistent with the fact that the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer triplet excited states responsible for the photo-oxidation involve a tap ligand. Successive experiments with [Ru(tap)(3)](2+) highlight the accumulation of long-lived radical species in solution that cause (1)H NMR signal broadening and photo-CIDNP extinction. The (1)H photo-CIDNP observed for the biomolecules is rather weak, less than about 30% of the equilibrium magnetization. However, up to 60% polarization enhancement is observed for H-2 and H-7 of the tap ligands, which indicates high unpaired electron density in the vicinity of these atoms in the transient radical pair. This is consistent with the structure of known photoadducts formed, for instance, between the metallic compounds and the guanine base of mono- and polynucleotides. Indeed, in these adducts the covalent bond involves carbon C-2 or C-7 of a tap ligand. The occurrence of photo-CIDNP with polyazaaromatic Ru(II) complexes opens new perspectives for the study of this type of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Perrier
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Moucheron C. From cisplatin to photoreactive Ru complexes: targeting DNA for biomedical applications. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b817016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Herman L, Ghosh S, Defrancq E, Mesmaekera AKD. Ru(II) complexes and light: molecular tools for biomolecules. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Deroo S, Toncheva V, Defrancq E, Moucheron C, Schacht E, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Photo-cross-linking between polymers derivatized with photoreactive ruthenium-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene complexes and guanine-containing oligonucleotides. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3503-10. [PMID: 17949103 DOI: 10.1021/bm700647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that complexes containing 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (TAP) ligands are able to form photoadducts with the guanine bases of DNA and oligonucleotides. In this work, we have exploited this specific photoreaction for carrying out photo-cross-linkings between guanine-containing oligonucleotides (G-ODNs) and biodegradable polymers derivatized with the photoreactive Ru(II) compounds. The aim in the future is to use these polymer conjugates as vectorizing agents of the metallic compounds inside the cells. Thus, photooxidizing Ru(II) complexes such as [Ru(TAP)3]2+ and [Ru(TAP)2phen]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been derivatized by an oxyamine function to attach them, via an oxime ether linkage, to a soluble 6 or 80 kDa poly-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-glutamine] polymer that contains pendent aldehyde groups. It is demonstrated that the resulting Ru-labeled polymers exhibit photophysical properties and a photochemistry that are comparable with those of the free, nonattached complexes. The photo-cross-linkings with the G-ODNs are clearly detected by gel electrophoresis with the 6 kDa Ru conjugates upon illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Deroo
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, Brussels, Belgium
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Stagni S, Orselli E, Palazzi A, De Cola L, Zacchini S, Femoni C, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Zanarini S. Polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes with tetrazolate-based chelating ligands. Synthesis, reactivity, and electrochemical and photophysical properties. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9126-38. [PMID: 17902649 DOI: 10.1021/ic7011556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report the synthesis, the chemical and photophysical characterization, and the study of the reactivity toward electrophiles of two mononuclear complexes of the type [Ru(bpy)2L]+ (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl), in which L is represented by the deprotonated form of 2-(1,H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine (L1) or 2-(1,H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine (L2). The 1H and 13C NMR experiments that were performed on complexes RuL1 and RuL2 allowed us to establish that the tetrazolate moiety is bonded to the metal center via the N-1 nitrogen, while the coplanar arrangement adopted by the coordinated ligand upon coordination and the consequent interannular conjugation effect accounts for the unexpectedly low field resonance of the tetrazole carbon. The 13C NMR spectroscopy is also of fundamental importance to determine the chemo- and regioselectivity of the addition of a methyl group to RuL1 and RuL2, which takes place at the N-3 nitrogen of the five-membered ring. All these features were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction structures of RuL1 and of the methylated compounds RuL1Me and RuL2Me. Relative to these latter complexes, the presence of a methyl moiety does not cause any distortion from coplanarity of the coordinated tetrazolates. The redox properties of the complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and indicated a quite different behavior between the pyrazinyl-tetrazolate and the pyridyl-tetrazolate complexes as the consequence of the higher electron-withdrawing character of the pyrazine ring. The study of the photophysical properties of the complexes also shows a significant diversity between the luminescent RuL1 and the rather poorly emissive RuL2. Interestingly, the methylated compounds RuL1Me and RuL2Me display radiative excited-state decays with longer lifetimes than their precursors; this feature indicates that methylation is a useful reaction for the tuning of the light emission performances of similar tetrazolate complexes. The synthesis and the characterization of a novel dinuclear complex of type [(bpy)2Ru-L3-Ru(bpy)2]2+, Ru(L3)Ru, where L3 is the bis-anion derived from bis-2,3-(1,H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stagni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Università di Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy.
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Herman L, Elias B, Pierard F, Moucheron C, Mesmaeker AKD. Effects of Protonation on the Spectroscopic Properties of Tetrapyridoacridine (TPAC) Mono- and Dinuclear Ru(II) Complexes in Their Ground and 3MLCT Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9756-63. [PMID: 17727275 DOI: 10.1021/jp072782p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic behavior of mono- and dinuclear Ru(II) complexes (P, T, PP and TT, Figure 1) that contain the extended planar ligand tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3' ',2' '-h:2' '',3' ''-j]acridine (TPAC) and either 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (tap) as ancillary ligands is examined in water and as a function of the pH. These four complexes luminesce in aqueous solution. The analyses of the data in absorption lead to the pKa values in the ground state, and the data in emission show that the excited 3MLCT states are much more basic than the ground state. When the complex contains tap ligands (T and TT), a decrease in pH transforms the luminescent excited basic form into another luminescent excited protonated species, which emits more bathochromically. In contrast, with phen ancillary ligands (P and PP), the protonated excited state does not luminesce. The rate constant of first protonation of the 3MLCT state is diffusion controlled, except for the dinuclear PP complex, whose protonation takes place on the nitrogen of the acridine motif. For P, in which the protonation process is the fastest, it would take place on the nitrogen atoms of the nonchelated phen moiety of the TPAC ligand. These results allow also us to gain information on the localization of the excited electron in the 1MLCT state populated upon absorption as well as in the relaxed 3MLCT emissive state. Moreover as these complexes are interesting for their study with DNA, it can be concluded from these data that a portion of the excited species in interaction with DNA will be protonated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Herman
- Service de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, CP 160/08, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Bouffier L, Demeunynck M, Dumy P, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]quinolino[3,2-j]phenazine (dpqp-OH) – Synthesis, characterization and DNA interaction of the corresponding Ru(II) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alary F, Heully JL, Bijeire L, Vicendo P. Is the 3MLCT the Only Photoreactive State of Polypyridyl Complexes? Inorg Chem 2007; 46:3154-65. [PMID: 17373787 DOI: 10.1021/ic062193i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By means of Delta-SCF and time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) calculations on [Ru(LL)3]2+ (LL = bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl or bpz = 2,2' -bipyrazyl) complexes, we have found that emission of these two complexes could originate from two metal-to-ligand charge-transfer triplet states (3MLCT) that are quasi-degenerate and whose symmetries are D3 and C2. These two states are true minima. Calculated absorption and emission energies are in good agreement with experiment; the largest error is 0.14 eV, which is about the expected accuracy of the DFT calculations. For the first time, an optimized geometry for the metal-centered (MC) state is proposed for both of these complexes, and their energies are found to be almost degenerate with their corresponding 3MLCT states. These [RuII(LL)(eta1-LL)2]2+ MC states have two vacant coordination sites on the metal, so they may react readily with their environment. If these MC states are able to de-excite by luminescence, the associated transition (ca. 1 eV) is found to be quite different from those of the 3MLCT states (ca. 2 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alary
- Laboratoire de chimie et physique quantiques, IRSAMC, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex, France.
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Vos JG, Kelly JM. Ruthenium polypyridyl chemistry; from basic research to applications and back again. Dalton Trans 2006:4869-83. [PMID: 17047734 DOI: 10.1039/b606490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the mid 1970's interest in the chemistry and applications of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes has increased steadily. In this perspective, the development of this area is tracked and discussed taking into account new scientific developments as well as novel applications. The interaction between basic and applied research is of particular importance and selected examples are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Vos
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Elias B, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Photo-reduction of polyazaaromatic Ru(II) complexes by biomolecules and possible applications. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Bijeire L, Elias B, Souchard JP, Gicquel E, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Vicendo P. Photoelectron Transfer Processes with Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes and Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase. Biochemistry 2006; 45:6160-9. [PMID: 16681388 DOI: 10.1021/bi060005u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The processes that are photoinduced by [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+) (bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazyl) in the presence of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) are investigated by laser flash photolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy; they are compared to those of the system [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-Cu/Zn SOD]. Although the mechanism is complicated, primary and secondary reactions can be evidenced. First, the excited [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+) complex is quenched reductively by Cu/Zn SOD with the production of a reduced complex and an oxidized enzyme. The oxidation site of Cu/Zn SOD is proposed to correspond to amino acids located on the surface of the protein. Afterward and only when this reductive electron transfer to the excited complex has produced enough oxidized protein, another electron-transfer process can be evidenced. In this case, however, the charge-transfer process takes place in the other direction, i.e., from the excited complex to the Cu(II) center of the SOD with the formation of Ru(III) and Cu(I) species. This proposed mechanism is supported by the fact that [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+), which is less photo-oxidizing than [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+), exhibits no photoreaction with Cu/Zn SOD. Because Ru(III) species are generated as intermediates with [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+), they are proposed to be responsible for the enhancement of [poly(dG-dC)](2) and [poly(dA-dT)](2) oxidation observed when Cu/Zn SOD is added to the [Ru(bpz)(3)](2+)-DNA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bijeire
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623 au CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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