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Expeditious Asymmetric Synthesis of Polypropionates Relying on Sulfur Dioxide-Induced C–C Bond Forming Reactions. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the organic chemistry of sulfur dioxide (SO2) consisted of sulfinates that react with carbon electrophiles to generate sulfones. With alkenes and other unsaturated compounds, SO2 generates polymeric materials such as polysulfones. More recently, H-ene, sila-ene and hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of SO2 have been realized under conditions that avoid polymer formation. Sultines resulting from the hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of conjugated dienes and SO2 are formed more rapidly than the corresponding more stable sulfolenes resulting from the cheletropic additions. In the presence of a protic or Lewis acid catalyst, the sultines derived from 1-alkoxydienes are ionized into zwitterionic intermediates bearing 1-alkoxyallylic cation moieties which react with electro-rich alkenes such as enol silyl ethers and allylsilanes with high stereoselectivity. (C–C-bond formation through Umpolung induced by SO2). This produces silyl sulfinates that react with carbon electrophiles to give sulfones (one-pot four component asymmetric synthesis of sulfones), or with Cl2, generating the corresponding sulfonamides that can be reacted in situ with primary and secondary amines (one-pot four component asymmetric synthesis of sulfonamides). Alternatively, Pd-catalyzed desulfinylation generates enantiomerically pure polypropionate stereotriads in one-pot operations. The chirons so obtained are flanked by an ethyl ketone moiety on one side and by a prop-1-en-1-yl carboxylate group on the other. They are ready for two-directional chain elongations, realizing expeditious synthesis of long-chain polypropionates and polyketides. The stereotriads have also been converted into simpler polypropionates such as the cyclohexanone moiety of baconipyrone A and B, Kishi’s stereoheptad unit of rifamycin S, Nicolaou’s C1–C11-fragment and Koert’s C16–CI fragment of apoptolidin A. This has also permitted the first total synthesis of (-)-dolabriferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Takeda T, Fukada T, Tsubouchi A. Preparation of silyl polyenol ethers by carbonyl olefination of silyl esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Söderman SC, Schwan AL. 1,2-Dibromotetrachloroethane: An Ozone-Friendly Reagent for the in Situ Ramberg–Bäcklund Rearrangement and Its Use in the Formal Synthesis of E-Resveratrol. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10978-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3021852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan C. Söderman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adrian L. Schwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Srinivasarao M, Kim Y, Li XH, Robbins DW, Fuchs PL. Studies on the Synthesis of Apoptolidin: Synthesis of a C1–C27 Fragment of Apoptolidin D. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7834-41. [PMID: 21827193 DOI: 10.1021/jo200934w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaojin Harry Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel W. Robbins
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip L. Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Wender PA, Longcore KE. Apoptolidins E and F, new glycosylated macrolactones isolated from Nocardiopsis sp. Org Lett 2010; 11:5474-7. [PMID: 19943700 DOI: 10.1021/ol902308v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new glycosylated macrolactones, apoptolidins E (5) and F (6), were isolated from fermentation of the actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. and their structures assigned. Lacking the C16 and C20 oxygens of apoptolidin A (1), these macrolides are also the first members of this family to display a 4-O-methyl-l-rhamnose at C9 rather than a 6-deoxy-4-O-methyl-l-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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Lewis CA, Longcore KE, Miller SJ, Wender PA. An approach to the site-selective diversification of apoptolidin A with peptide-based catalysts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1864-1869. [PMID: 19769383 PMCID: PMC2857549 DOI: 10.1021/np9004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of peptide-based catalysts to the site-selective modification of apoptolidin A (1), an agent that displays remarkable selectivity for inducing apoptosis in E1A-transformed cell lines. Key to the approach was the development of an assay suitable for the screening of dozens of catalysts in parallel reactions that could be conducted using only microgram quantities of the starting material. Employing this assay, catalysts (e.g., 11 and ent-11) were identified that afforded unique product distributions, distinct from the product mixtures produced when a simple catalyst (N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (10)) was employed. Preparative reactions were then carried out with the preferred catalysts so that unique, homogeneous apoptolidin analogues could be isolated and characterized. From these studies, three new apoptolidin analogues were obtained (12-14), each differing from the other in either the location of acyl group substituents or the number of acetate groups appended to the natural product scaffold. Biological evaluation of the new apoptolidin analogues was then conducted using growth inhibition assays based on the H292 human lung carcinoma cell line. The new analogues exhibited activities comparable to apoptolidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Kate E. Longcore
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080
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Abstract
A highly convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of the potent antitumor agent apoptolidin A has been completed. The key transformations include highly selective glycosylations to attach the C27 disaccharide and the C9 6'-deoxy-l-glucose, a cross-metathesis to incorporate the C1-C10 trienoate unit, and a Yamaguchi macrolactonization to complete the macrocycle. Twelve stereocenters in the polypropionate segments and sugar units were established through diastereoselective chlorotitanium enolate aldol reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Crimmins
- Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA.
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Ghidu VP, Wang J, Wu B, Liu Q, Jacobs A, Marnett LJ, Sulikowski GA. Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxicity of apoptolidinones A and D. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4949-55. [PMID: 18543990 PMCID: PMC2572754 DOI: 10.1021/jo800545r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptolidins A-D are microbial secondary metabolites shown to be selectively cytotoxic against several cancer cell lines and noncytotoxic against normal cells. Total syntheses of apoptolidinones A and D are reported. The efficient synthetic strategy leading to the apoptolidinones features construction of the common 20-membered macrolactone by an intramolecular Suzuki reaction and stereocontrolled aldol reactions establishing the C19/C20 and C22/C23 stereocenters. In contrast to apoptolidin A, the aglycones apoptolidinone A and D were shown to be noncytotoxic when evaluated against human lung cancer cells (H292).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Ghidu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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Tanaka S, Oguma Y, Tanaka Y, Echizen H, Masu H, Yamaguchi K, Kishikawa K, Kohmoto S, Yamamoto M. Double nitro-Mannich reaction utilizing in situ generated N-trimethylsilylaldimines: novel four-component one-pot synthesis of nitroimines. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
At low temperature and in the presence of an acid catalyst, SO2 adds to 1,3-dienes equilibrating with the corresponding 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin-2-oxides (sultines). These compounds are unstable above -60 °C and equilibrate with the more stable 2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxides (sulfolenes). The hetero-Diels-Alder additions of SO2 are suprafacial and follow the Alder endo rule. The sultines derived from 1-oxy-substituted and 1,3-dioxy-disubstituted 1,3-dienes cannot be observed at -100 °C but are believed to be formed faster than the corresponding sulfolenes. In the presence of acid catalysts, the 6-oxy-substituted sultines equilibrate with zwitterionic species that react with electron-rich alkenes such as enoxysilanes and allylsilanes, generating β,γ-unsaturated silyl sulfinates that can be desilylated and desulfinylated to generate polypropionate fragments containing up to three contiguous stereogenic centers and an (E)-alkene unit. Alternatively, the silyl sulfinates can be reacted with electrophiles to generate polyfunctional sulfones (one-pot, four-component synthesis of sulfones), or oxidized into sulfonyl chlorides and reacted with amines, then realizing a one-pot, four-component synthesis of polyfunctional sulfonamides. Using enantiomerically enriched dienes such as 1-[(R)- or 1-(S)-phenylethyloxy]-2-methyl-(E,E)-penta-1,3-dien-3-yl isobutyrate, derived from inexpensive (R)- or (S)-1-phenylethanol, enantiomerically enriched stereotriads are obtained in one-pot operations. The latter are ready for further chain elongation. This has permitted the development of expeditious total asymmetric syntheses of important natural products of biological interest such as the baconipyrones, rifamycin S, and apoptolidin A.
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Craita C, Didier C, Vogel P. Short synthesis of the C16-C28 polyketide fragment of apoptolidin A aglycone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2411-3. [PMID: 17844763 DOI: 10.1039/b701293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from (E,E)-1-[(1R)-(phenylethyl)oxy]-2-methylpenta-1,3-diene and triethylsilyl enol ether of butanone rapid access to Koert's advanced C10-C28 polyketide fragment of apoptolidin A is now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cotinica Craita
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Vogel P, Turks M, Bouchez L, Marković D, Varela-Alvarez A, Sordo JA. New organic chemistry of sulfur dioxide. Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:931-42. [PMID: 17685582 DOI: 10.1021/ar700096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple 1,3-dienes undergo highly stereoselective hetero-Diels-Alder additions with SO2 at low temperature giving sultines. These reactions that are faster than the more exothermic cheletropic additions of SO2-producing sulfolenes. This has led to the invention of a new C-C bond-forming reaction combining electron-rich dienes and alkenes with SO2. The reaction cascade has been exploited to develop combinatorial, one-pot, four-component syntheses of polyfunctional sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfonic esters. It also allows us to generate, in one-pot operations, enantiomerically enriched polypropionate fragments containing up to three contiguous stereogenic centers and a (E)-alkene unit. These fragments can be used directly in further C-C bond-forming reactions, such as cross-aldol condensations, thus permitting the expeditious construction of complicated natural products of biological interest (e.g., Baconipyrones, Rifamycin S, Apoptolidinone) and analogues. New ene reactions of SO2 have also been discovered; they open new avenues to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vogel
- Laboratoire de glycochimie et synthèse asymétrique (LGSA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batochime, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Bertacche V, Milanese A, Nava D, Pini E, Stradi R. Structural elucidation of an unknown Simvastatin by-product in industrial synthesis starting from Lovastatin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:642-7. [PMID: 17697761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unknown by-product in Simvastatin synthesis from Lovastatin was found. The elucidation of this molecular structure by means of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, HPLC/MS, MS/MS and FT-IR was shown. The mentioned by-product, originated during Merck Sharp and Dhome synthesis scheme was isolated in the second-last step replacing butylamine with benzylamine. The spectroscopic results agreed with a molecular formula C(32)H(43)NO(3). The proposed structure of this compound, characterised by the presence of a conjugated dienic system in the heptanoic acid amide residue, was alpha,beta,gamma,delta unsaturated Simvastatin N-benzylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bertacche
- Istituto di Chimica Organica A. Marchesini, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
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15
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Köck M, Lindel T. Chemistry Unprotected. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5268-71. [PMID: 17604380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Köck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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16
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Köck M, Lindel T. Chemistry Unprotected. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Vogel P, Turks M. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched 2-Substituted Pyrrolidine Analogues of Norhygrine. Applicatin of the Hetero-Diels-Alder Addition of Sulfur Dioxide. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(k)38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Pattenden G, Robson DC. Total synthesis of prolycopene, a novel 7,9,7′,9′-tetra-cis(Z) carotenoid and main pigment of the tangerine tomato Lycopersicon esculentum. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wender PA, Jankowski OD, Longcore K, Tabet EA, Seto H, Tomikawa T. Correlation of F0F1-ATPase inhibition and antiproliferative activity of apoptolidin analogues. Org Lett 2006; 8:589-92. [PMID: 16468718 PMCID: PMC2533578 DOI: 10.1021/ol052800q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Apoptolidin (1) exhibits potent and highly selective apoptosis inducing activity against sensitive cancer cell lines and is hypothesized to act by inhibition of mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase. A series of apoptolidin derivatives, including a new intermolecular Diels-Alder adduct, were analyzed for antiproliferative activity in E1A-transformed rat fibroblasts. Potent F(0)F(1)-ATPase inhibition was not a sufficient determinant of antiproliferative activity for several analogues, suggesting the existence of a secondary biological target or more complex mode of action for apoptolidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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