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Hanreich S, Bonandi E, Drienovská I. Design of Artificial Enzymes: Insights into Protein Scaffolds. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200566. [PMID: 36418221 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of artificial enzymes has emerged as a promising tool for the generation of potent biocatalysts able to promote new-to-nature reactions with improved catalytic performances, providing a powerful platform for wide-ranging applications and a better understanding of protein functions and structures. The selection of an appropriate protein scaffold plays a key role in the design process. This review aims to give a general overview of the most common protein scaffolds that can be exploited for the generation of artificial enzymes. Several examples are discussed and categorized according to the strategy used for the design of the artificial biocatalyst, namely the functionalization of natural enzymes, the creation of a new catalytic site in a protein scaffold bearing a wide hydrophobic pocket and de novo protein design. The review is concluded by a comparison of these different methods and by our perspective on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hanreich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Bonandi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Ivana Drienovská
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
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2
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Canty AJ, Ariafard A, van Koten G. Computational Study of Bridge Splitting, Aryl Halide Oxidative Addition to Pt II , and Reductive Elimination from Pt IV : Route to Pincer-Pt II Reagents with Chemical and Biological Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:15426-15433. [PMID: 34473849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory computation indicates that bridge splitting of [PtII R2 (μ-SEt2 )]2 proceeds by partial dissociation to form R2 Pta (μ-SEt2 )Ptb R2 (SEt2 ), followed by coordination of N-donor bromoarenes (L-Br) at Pta leading to release of Ptb R2 (SEt2 ), which reacts with a second molecule of L-Br, providing two molecules of PtR2 (SEt2 )(L-Br-N). For R=4-tolyl (Tol), L-Br=2,6-(pzCH2 )2 C6 H3 Br (pz=pyrazol-1-yl) and 2,6-(Me2 NCH2 )2 C6 H3 Br, subsequent oxidative addition assisted by intramolecular N-donor coordination via PtII Tol2 (L-N,Br) and reductive elimination from PtIV intermediates gives mer-PtII (L-N,C,N)Br and Tol2 . The strong σ-donor influence of Tol groups results in subtle differences in oxidative addition mechanisms when compared with related aryl halide oxidative addition to palladium(II) centres. For R=Me and L-Br=2,6-(pzCH2 )2 C6 H3 Br, a stable PtIV product, fac-PtIV Me2 {2,6-(pzCH2 )2 C6 H3 -N,C,N)Br is predicted, as reported experimentally, acting as a model for undetected and unstable PtIV Tol2 {L-N,C,N}Br undergoing facile Tol2 reductive elimination. The mechanisms reported herein enable the synthesis of PtII pincer reagents with applications in materials and bio-organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan J Canty
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Jain VK. Cyclometalated group-16 compounds of palladium and platinum: Challenges and opportunities. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Roque‐Ramires MA, Shen L, Le Lagadec R. Synthesis of Non‐Symmetric Ruthenium(II) POCOP Pincer Complexes and Their Bimetallic Derivatives by π‐Coordination of Arenophile Fragments. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Roque‐Ramires
- Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | | | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
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Jeong WJ, Yu J, Song WJ. Proteins as diverse, efficient, and evolvable scaffolds for artificial metalloenzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9586-9599. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have extracted and categorized the desirable properties of proteins that are adapted as the scaffolds for artificial metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jae Jeong
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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Fischer J, Renn D, Quitterer F, Radhakrishnan A, Liu M, Makki A, Ghorpade S, Rueping M, Arold ST, Groll M, Eppinger J. Robust and Versatile Host Protein for the Design and Evaluation of Artificial Metal Centers. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fischer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik Renn
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Quitterer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan T. Arold
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Hayashi T, Hilvert D, Green AP. Engineered Metalloenzymes with Non-Canonical Coordination Environments. Chemistry 2018; 24:11821-11830. [PMID: 29786902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature employs a limited number of genetically encoded, metal-coordinating residues to create metalloenzymes with diverse structures and functions. Engineered components of the cellular translation machinery can now be exploited to encode non-canonical ligands with user-defined electronic and structural properties. This ability to install "chemically programmed" ligands into proteins can provide powerful chemical probes of metalloenzyme mechanism and presents excellent opportunities to create metalloprotein catalysts with augmented properties and novel activities. In this Concept article, we provide an overview of several recent studies describing the creation of engineered metalloenzymes with interesting catalytic properties, and reveal how characterization of these systems has advanced our understanding of nature's bioinorganic mechanisms. We also highlight how powerful laboratory evolution protocols can be readily adapted to allow optimization of metalloenzymes with non-canonical ligands. This approach combines beneficial features of small molecule and protein catalysis by allowing the installation of a greater variety of local metal coordination environments into evolvable protein scaffolds, and holds great promise for the future creation of powerful metalloprotein catalysts for a host of synthetically valuable transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony P Green
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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Tang J, Huang F, Wei Y, Bian H, Zhang W, Liang H. Bovine serum albumin-cobalt(ii) Schiff base complex hybrid: an efficient artificial metalloenzyme for enantioselective sulfoxidation using hydrogen peroxide. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:8061-72. [PMID: 27075699 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An artificial metalloenzyme (BSA-CoL) based on the incorporation of a cobalt(ii) Schiff base complex {CoL, H2L = 2,2'-[(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(nitrilopropylidyne)]bisphenol} with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been synthesized and characterized. Attention is focused on the catalytic activity of this artificial metalloenzyme for enantioselective oxidation of a variety of sulfides with H2O2. The influences of parameters such as pH, temperature, and the concentration of catalyst and oxidant on thioanisole as a model are investigated. Under optimum conditions, BSA-CoL as a hybrid biocatalyst is efficient for the enantioselective oxidation of a series of sulfides, producing the corresponding sulfoxides with excellent conversion (up to 100%), chemoselectivity (up to 100%) and good enantiomeric purity (up to 87% ee) in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004, P. R. China. and Guilin Normal College, Guilin 541001, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Hedong Bian
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning, 530008, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
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Valdés H, González-Sebastián L, Morales-Morales D. Aromatic para-functionalized NCN pincer compounds. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Pocquet L, Vologdin N, Mangiatordi GF, Ciofini I, Nicolotti O, Thorimbert S, Salmain M. Supramolecular Anchoring of NCN-Pincer Palladium Complexes into a β-Barrel Protein Host: Molecular-Docking and Reactivity Insights. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrèce Pocquet
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM); 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nikolay Vologdin
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM); 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL Research university; Chimie ParisTech; CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP); 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
- Centro Ricerche TIRES; Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”; Via Amendola 173 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Serge Thorimbert
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM); 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM); 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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13
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Deshpande AR, Pochapsky TC, Ringe D. The Metal Drives the Chemistry: Dual Functions of Acireductone Dioxygenase. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10474-10501. [PMID: 28731690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) from the methionine salvage pathway (MSP) is a unique enzyme that exhibits dual chemistry determined solely by the identity of the divalent transition-metal ion (Fe2+ or Ni2+) in the active site. The Fe2+-containing isozyme catalyzes the on-pathway reaction using substrates 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopent-1-ene (acireductone) and dioxygen to generate formate and the ketoacid precursor of methionine, 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate, whereas the Ni2+-containing isozyme catalyzes an off-pathway shunt with the same substrates, generating methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide, and formate. The dual chemistry of ARD was originally discovered in the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca, but it has recently been shown that mammalian ARD enzymes (mouse and human) are also capable of catalyzing metal-dependent dual chemistry in vitro. This is particularly interesting, since carbon monoxide, one of the products of off-pathway reaction, has been identified as an antiapoptotic molecule in mammals. In addition, several biochemical and genetic studies have indicated an inhibitory role of human ARD in cancer. This comprehensive review describes the biochemical and structural characterization of the ARD family, the proposed experimental and theoretical approaches to establishing mechanisms for the dual chemistry, insights into the mechanism based on comparison with structurally and functionally similar enzymes, and the applications of this research to the field of artificial metalloenzymes and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi R Deshpande
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Chemistry and §the Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Thomas C Pochapsky
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Chemistry and §the Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Dagmar Ringe
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Chemistry and §the Rosenstiel Institute for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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14
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Schwizer F, Okamoto Y, Heinisch T, Gu Y, Pellizzoni MM, Lebrun V, Reuter R, Köhler V, Lewis JC, Ward TR. Artificial Metalloenzymes: Reaction Scope and Optimization Strategies. Chem Rev 2017; 118:142-231. [PMID: 28714313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a synthetic, catalytically competent metallocofactor into a protein scaffold to generate an artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) has been explored since the late 1970's. Progress in the ensuing years was limited by the tools available for both organometallic synthesis and protein engineering. Advances in both of these areas, combined with increased appreciation of the potential benefits of combining attractive features of both homogeneous catalysis and enzymatic catalysis, led to a resurgence of interest in ArMs starting in the early 2000's. Perhaps the most intriguing of potential ArM properties is their ability to endow homogeneous catalysts with a genetic memory. Indeed, incorporating a homogeneous catalyst into a genetically encoded scaffold offers the opportunity to improve ArM performance by directed evolution. This capability could, in turn, lead to improvements in ArM efficiency similar to those obtained for natural enzymes, providing systems suitable for practical applications and greater insight into the role of second coordination sphere interactions in organometallic catalysis. Since its renaissance in the early 2000's, different aspects of artificial metalloenzymes have been extensively reviewed and highlighted. Our intent is to provide a comprehensive overview of all work in the field up to December 2016, organized according to reaction class. Because of the wide range of non-natural reactions catalyzed by ArMs, this was done using a functional-group transformation classification. The review begins with a summary of the proteins and the anchoring strategies used to date for the creation of ArMs, followed by a historical perspective. Then follows a summary of the reactions catalyzed by ArMs and a concluding critical outlook. This analysis allows for comparison of similar reactions catalyzed by ArMs constructed using different metallocofactor anchoring strategies, cofactors, protein scaffolds, and mutagenesis strategies. These data will be used to construct a searchable Web site on ArMs that will be updated regularly by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schwizer
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasunori Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tillmann Heinisch
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yifan Gu
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago , 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michela M Pellizzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Lebrun
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Reuter
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago , 5735 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Huang X, Huang R, Gou S, Wang Z, Wang H. Anticancer Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Containing Monoaminophosphonate Ester as a Targeting Group Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases and Reverse Multidrug Resistance. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1305-1323. [PMID: 28276682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of platinum(IV) complexes comprising a monoaminophosphonate ester moiety, which can not only act as a bone-targeting group but also inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were designed and synthesized. Biological assay of these compounds showed that they had potent antitumor activities against the tested cancer cell lines compared with cisplatin and oxaliplatin and indicated low cytotoxicity to human normal liver cells. Particularly, the platinum(IV) complexes were very sensitive to cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines. The corresponding structure-activity relationships were studied and discussed. Related mechanism study revealed that the typical complex 11 caused cell cycle arrest at S phase and induced apoptosis in Bel-7404 cells via a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. Moreover, complex 11 had potent ability to inhibit the tumor growth in the NCI-H460 xenograft model comparable to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hengshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, China
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Basauri-Molina M, Verhoeven DGA, van Schaik AJ, Kleijn H, Klein Gebbink RJM. Ring-Closing and Cross-Metathesis with Artificial Metalloenzymes Created by Covalent Active Site-Directed Hybridization of a Lipase. Chemistry 2015; 21:15676-85. [PMID: 26346291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of Grubbs-type catalysts that contain lipase-inhibiting phosphoester functionalities have been synthesized and reacted with the lipase cutinase, which leads to artificial metalloenzymes for olefin metathesis. The resulting hybrids comprise the organometallic fragment that is covalently bound to the active amino acid residue of the enzyme host in an orthogonal orientation. Differences in reactivity as well as accessibility of the active site by the functionalized inhibitor became evident through variation of the anchoring motif and substituents on the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. Such observations led to the design of a hybrid that is active in the ring-closing metathesis and the cross-metathesis of N,N-diallyl-p-toluenesulfonamide and allylbenzene, respectively, the latter being the first example of its kind in the field of artificial metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Basauri-Molina
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Dide G A Verhoeven
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Arnoldus J van Schaik
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Henk Kleijn
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands)
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584CG (The Netherlands).
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Filice M, Romero O, Aires A, Guisan JM, Rumbero A, Palomo JM. Preparation of an Immobilized Lipase-Palladium Artificial Metalloenzyme as Catalyst in the Heck Reaction: Role of the Solid Phase. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Pàmies O, Diéguez M, Bäckvall JE. Artificial Metalloenzymes in Asymmetric Catalysis: Key Developments and Future Directions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Basauri-Molina M, Riemersma CF, Würdemann MA, Kleijn H, Klein Gebbink RJM. Lipase active site covalent anchoring of Rh(NHC) catalysts: towards chemoselective artificial metalloenzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6792-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metallo-enzymes derived from active site-inhibited lipases show chemoselective reactivity in catalytic hydrogenations. Embedding of a non-natural metallic center leads to full and competitive selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Basauri-Molina
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - C. F. Riemersma
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Würdemann
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - H. Kleijn
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - R. J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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Jantke D, Marziale AN, Reiner T, Kraus F, Herdtweck E, Raba A, Eppinger J. Synthetic strategies for efficient conjugation of organometallic complexes with pendant protein reactive markers. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Monney A, Albrecht M. Transition metal bioconjugates with an organometallic link between the metal and the biomolecular scaffold. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Deuss PJ, Popa G, Slawin AMZ, Laan W, Kamer PCJ. Artificial Copper Enzymes for Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reiner T, Jantke D, Marziale AN, Raba A, Eppinger J. Metal-conjugated affinity labels: a new concept to create enantioselective artificial metalloenzymes. ChemistryOpen 2013; 2:50-4. [PMID: 24551533 PMCID: PMC3646430 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reiner
- Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Dominik Jantke
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Andreas Raba
- Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)
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28
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Du G, Wei Y, Zhang W, Dong Y, Lin Z, He H, Zhang S, Li X. Bis(imino)diphenylamido rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes: synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity in living ring-opening ε-caprolactone polymerization and copolymerization with γ-butyrolactone. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1278-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31932b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Reetz MT. Artificial Metalloenzymes as Catalysts in Stereoselective Diels-Alder Reactions. CHEM REC 2012; 12:391-406. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Wieczorek B, Snelders DJM, Dijkstra HP, Versluis K, Lutz M, Spek AL, Egmond MR, Klein Gebbink RJM, van Koten G. Coordination Chemistry in Water of a Free and a Lipase-Embedded Cationic NCN-Pincer Platinum Center with Neutral and Ionic Triarylphosphines. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2010832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wieczorek
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J. M. Snelders
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm P. Dijkstra
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Zobi F, Spingler B. Post-protein-binding reactivity and modifications of the fac-[Re(CO)3]+ core. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1210-2. [PMID: 22229733 DOI: 10.1021/ic2023314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the [Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(2)](+) complex coordinated to the His15 residue of HEW lysozyme is described. In the fully metalated protein (Lys-1), the Re ion retains its reactivity only toward selected ligands, while others induce a ligand-mediated demetalation of the enzyme. It is further shown that some of the complexes that may be "engineered" on the lysozyme do not react with the free protein even if present in solution in excess. The formation of stable metal adducts starting from Lys-1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zobi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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32
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Matsuo T, Imai C, Yoshida T, Saito T, Hayashi T, Hirota S. Creation of an artificial metalloprotein with a Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst moiety through the intrinsic inhibition mechanism of α-chymotrypsin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1662-4. [PMID: 22212522 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An L-phenylalanyl chloromethylketone-based inhibitor equipped with a Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst moiety was regioselectively incorporated into the cleft of α-chymotrypsin through the intrinsic inhibition mechanism of the protein to construct an artificial organometallic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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33
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Chevalley A, Salmain M. Enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketone catalysed by artificial metalloenzymes derived from bovine β-lactoglobulin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11984-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Yang Y, Weng Z, Muratsugu S, Ishiguro N, Ohkoshi SI, Tada M. Preparation and Catalytic Performances of a Molecularly Imprinted Ru-Complex Catalyst with an NH2 Binding Site on a SiO2 Surface. Chemistry 2011; 18:1142-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Garner DK, Liang L, Barrios DA, Zhang JL, Lu Y. Covalent Anchor Positions Play an Important Role in Tuning Catalytic Properties of a Rationally Designed MnSalen-containing Metalloenzyme. ACS Catal 2011; 1:1083-1089. [PMID: 22013554 PMCID: PMC3194002 DOI: 10.1021/cs200258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two questions important to the success in metalloenzyme design are how to attach or anchor metal cofactors inside protein scaffolds, and in what way such positioning affects enzymatic properties. We have previously reported a dual anchoring method to position a nonnative cofactor, MnSalen (1), inside the heme cavity of apo sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) and showed that the dual anchoring can increase both the activity and enantioselectivity over the single anchoring methods, making this artificial enzyme an ideal system to address the above questions. Here we report systematic investigations of the effect of different covalent attachment or anchoring positions on reactivity and selectivity of sulfoxidation by the MnSalen-containing Mb enzymes. We have found that changing the left anchor from Y103C to T39C has an almost identical effect of increasing rate by 1.8-fold and increasing selectivity by +14% for S, whether the right anchor is L72C or S108C. At the same time, regardless of the identity of the left anchor, changing the right anchor from S108C to L72C increases rate by 4-fold and selectivity by +66%. The right anchor site was observed to have a greater influence than the left anchor site on the reactivity and selectivity in sulfoxidation of a wide scope of other ortho-, meta- and para- substituted substrates. The 1•Mb(T39C/L72C) showed the highest reactivity (TON up to 2.31 min(-1)) and selectivity (ee% up to 83%) among the different anchoring positions examined. Molecular dynamic simulations indicate that these changes in reactivity and selectivity may be due to the steric effects of the linker arms inside the protein cavity. These results indicate that small differences in the anchor positions can result in significant changes in reactivity and enantioselectivity, probably through steric interactions with substrates when they enter the substrate-binding pocket, and that the effects of right and left anchor positions are independent and additive in nature. The finding that the anchoring arms can influence both the positioning of the cofactor and steric control of substrate entrance will help design better functional metalloenzymes with predicted catalytic activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewain K. Garner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lei Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - David A. Barrios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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36
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Covalent anchoring of a racemization catalyst to CALB-beads: towards dual immobilization of DKR catalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Deuss PJ, den Heeten R, Laan W, Kamer PCJ. Bioinspired Catalyst Design and Artificial Metalloenzymes. Chemistry 2011; 17:4680-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Weng Z, Muratsugu S, Ishiguro N, Ohkoshi SI, Tada M. Preparation of surface molecularly imprinted Ru-complex catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation in water media. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2338-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00950d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Rudolf B, Salmain M, Haquette P, Stachowicz M, Woźniak K. Novel ferrocenyl phosphonate derivatives. Inhibition of serine hydrolases by ferrocene azaphosphonates. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA, Fax: +1‐304‐293‐4904
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA, Fax: +1‐304‐293‐4904
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41
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Wadman SH, Tooke DM, Spek AL, van Klink GP, van Koten G. Cyclo-ruthenated and -platinated complexes bearing phosphonate substituents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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43
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Wieczorek B, Lemcke B, Dijkstra HP, Egmond MR, Klein Gebbink RJM, van Koten G. Site-Selective Ser-Hydrolase Labelling with a Luminescent Organometallic NCN-Platinum Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Tada M, Muratsugu S, Kinoshita M, Sasaki T, Iwasawa Y. Alternative selective oxidation pathways for aldehyde oxidation and alkene epoxidation on a SiO2-supported Ru-monomer complex catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:713-24. [PMID: 20000837 DOI: 10.1021/ja9079513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a novel Ru-mononer complex supported on a SiO(2) surface by using a Ru-monomer complex precursor with a p-cymene ligand, which was found to be highly active for the selective oxidation of aldehydes and the epoxidation of alkenes using O(2). The structure of the supported Ru catalyst was characterized by means of FT-IR, solid-state NMR, diffuse-reflectance UV/vis, XPS, Ru K-edge EXAFS, and DFT calculations, which demonstrated the formation of isolatedly located, unsaturated Ru centers behind a p-cymene ligand of the Ru-complex precursor. The site-isolated Ru-monomer complex on SiO(2) achieved tremendous TONs (turnover numbers) for the selective oxidation of aldehydes and alkenes; e.g. TONs of 38,800,000 for selective isobutyraldehyde (IBA) oxidation and 2,100,000 for trans-stilbene epoxidation at ambient temperature, which are among the highest TONs in metal-complex catalyzes to our knowledge. We also found that the IBA sole oxidation with an activation energy of 48 kJ mol(-1) much more facile than the trans-stilbene epoxidation with an activation energy of 99 kJ mol(-1) was completely suppressed by the coexistence of trans-stilbene. The switchover of the selective oxidation pathways from the IBA oxidation to the trans-stilbene epoxidation was explained in terms of energy profiles for the alternative selective oxidation pathways, resulting in the preferential coordination of trans-stilbene to the Ru-complex at the surface. This aspect gives an insight into the origin of the efficient catalysis for selective epoxidation of alkenes with IBA/O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tada
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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45
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Suijkerbuijk BMJM, Tooke DM, Lutz M, Spek AL, Jenneskens LW, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJM. Synthesis of and Evidence for Electronic Communication within Heteromultimetallic Tetrakis(NCN-pincer metal)−(Metallo)porphyrin Hybrids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1534-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902402g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart M. J. M. Suijkerbuijk
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan M. Tooke
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardus W. Jenneskens
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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46
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Rutten L, Wieczorek B, Mannie JP, Kruithof C, Dijkstra H, Egmond M, Lutz M, Klein Gebbink R, Gros P, van Koten G. Solid-State Structural Characterization of Cutinase-ECE-Pincer-Metal Hybrids. Chemistry 2009; 15:4270-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Rudolf B, Salmain M, Palusiak M, Zakrzewski J. The phospha-Michael addition of dimethyl- and diphenylphosphites to the η1-N-maleimidato ligand: Inhibition of serine hydrolases by half-sandwich metallocarbonyl azaphosphonates. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Wieczorek B, Dijkstra HP, Egmond MR, Klein Gebbink RJ, van Koten G. Incorporating ECE-pincer metal complexes as functional building blocks in semisynthetic metalloenzymes, supramolecular polypeptide hybrids, tamoxifen derivatives, biomarkers and sensors. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Kruithof CA, Berger A, Dijkstra HP, Soulimani F, Visser T, Lutz M, Spek AL, Gebbink RJMK, van Koten G. Sulfato-bridged ECE-pincer palladium(ii) complexes: structures in the solid-state and in solution, and catalytic properties. Dalton Trans 2009:3306-14. [DOI: 10.1039/b816936e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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