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Borisenkova AA, Bolshakova OI, Titova AV, Ryabokon IS, Markova MA, Lyutova ZB, Sedov VP, Varfolomeeva EY, Bakhmetyev VV, Arutyunyan AV, Burdakov VS, Sarantseva SV. Fullerene C 60 Conjugate with Folic Acid and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Targeted Delivery to Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5350. [PMID: 38791388 PMCID: PMC11120752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of targeted drug delivery systems, including those based on selective absorption by certain receptors on the surface of the target cell, can lead to a decrease in the minimum effective dose and the accompanying toxicity of the drug, as well as an increase in therapeutic efficacy. A fullerene C60 conjugate (FA-PVP-C60) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a biocompatible spacer and folic acid (FA) as a targeting ligand for tumor cells with increased expression of folate receptors (FR) was obtained. Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrometry, fluorometry and thermal analysis, the formation of the conjugate was confirmed and the nature of the binding of its components was established. The average particle sizes of the conjugate in aqueous solutions and cell culture medium were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The FA-PVP-C60 showed antiradical activity against •DPPH, •OH and O2•-, but at the same time, it was shown to generate 1O2. It was found that the conjugate in the studied concentration range (up to 200 μg/mL) is non-toxic in vitro and does not affect the cell cycle. To confirm the ability of the conjugate to selectively accumulate through folate-mediated endocytosis, its uptake into cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. It was shown that the conjugate is less absorbed by A549 cells with low FR expression than by HeLa, which has a high level of expression of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Borisenkova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Olga I. Bolshakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Anna V. Titova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Irina S. Ryabokon
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Maria A. Markova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Zhanna B. Lyutova
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Victor P. Sedov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Yu. Varfolomeeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Bakhmetyev
- Radiation Technology Department, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Arutyunyan
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Sarantseva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
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Paukov M, Kramberger C, Begichev I, Kharlamova M, Burdanova M. Functionalized Fullerenes and Their Applications in Electrochemistry, Solar Cells, and Nanoelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1276. [PMID: 36770286 PMCID: PMC9919315 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have rapidly advanced over the last few decades. Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and carbon-based quantum dots have been developed and intensively studied. Among them, fullerenes have attracted increasing research attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which have great potential in a wide range of applications. In this article, we offer a comprehensive review of recent progress in the synthesis and the chemical and physical properties of fullerenes and related composites. The review begins with the introduction of various methods for the synthesis of functionalized fullerenes. A discussion then follows on their chemical and physical properties. Thereafter, various intriguing applications, such as using carbon nanotubes as nanoreactors for fullerene chemical reactions, are highlighted. Finally, this review concludes with a summary of future research, major challenges to be met, and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Paukov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilia Begichev
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Material Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 854 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-BC-2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maria Burdanova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Palacios YB, Durantini JE, Heredia DA, Martínez SR, González de la Torre L, Durantini AM. Tuning the Polarity of Fullerene C 60 Derivatives for Enhanced Photodynamic Inactivation †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1431-1444. [PMID: 34115882 DOI: 10.1111/php.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, four novel fulleropyrrolidines derivatives were synthesized to study how the effect of polarity and positive charge distribution can influence the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation treatments to kill bacteria. The design of the photosensitizers was based on DFT calculations that allowed us to estimate the dipolar moment of the molecules. Neutral compounds bearing N-methyl bis-acetoxy-ethyl (1) and bis-hydroxyethyl (2) amine were the starting material to obtain the dicationic analogs N,N-dimethyl bis-methoxyethyl (3), and bis-acetoxy-ethyl) (4) methylammonio. As expected from fullerene C60 derivatives, compounds 1-4 absorb in the UV region, with a peak at 430 nm, a broader range of absorption up to 710 nm, and exhibit weak fluorescence emission in toluene and reverse micelles. In the biomimetic AOT micellar system, the highest singlet oxygen photosensitization was found for compounds 1, followed by 3, 2, and 4. Whereas 4 was the most effective reducing nitro blue tetrazolium in the presence of β-NADH. The influence of type I and type II mechanism on the photodynamic activity of compounds 3 and 4 was further examined in the presence of L-tryptophan and two reactive oxygen species scavengers. In vitro experiments indicated that the compounds with the highest dipolar moments, 3 (37.19 D) and 4 (38.46 D), inactivated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using an energy dose <2.4 J cm-2 . No inactivation was observed for the neutral analogs with the lowest dipolar moments. These findings help to optimize sensitizer structures to improve photodynamic inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana B Palacios
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura González de la Torre
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Lopes AM, Dahms HU, Converti A, Mariottini GL. Role of model organisms and nanocompounds in human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:285. [PMID: 33876320 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Safeguarding the environment is one of the most serious modern challenges, as increasing amounts of chemical compounds are produced and released into the environment, causing a serious threat to the future health of the Earth as well as organisms and humans on a global scale. Ecotoxicology is an integrative science involving different physical, chemical, biological, and social aspects concerned with the study of toxic effects caused by natural or synthetic pollutants on any constituents of ecosystems, including animals (including humans), plants, or microorganisms, in an integral context. In recent decades, this science has undergone considerable development by addressing environmental risk assessments through the biomonitoring of indicator species using biomarkers, model organisms, and nanocompounds in toxicological assays. Since a single taxon cannot be representative of complex ecotoxicological effects and mechanisms of action of a chemical, the use of test batteries is widely accepted in ecotoxicology. Test batteries include properly chosen organisms that are easy to breed, adapt easily to laboratory conditions, and are representative of the environmental compartment under consideration. One of the main issues of toxicological and ecotoxicological research is to gain a deeper understanding of how data should be obtained through laboratory and field approaches using experimental models and how they could be extrapolated to humans. There is a tendency to replace animal tests with in vitro systems and to perform them according to standardized analytical methods and the rules of the so-called good laboratory practice (GLP). This paper aims to review this topic to stimulate both efforts to understand the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of natural and synthetic chemicals and the possible use of such data for application to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Moreni Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, 16145, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Mariottini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, 16132, Italy
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Di Costanzo L, Geremia S. Atomic Details of Carbon-Based Nanomolecules Interacting with Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E3555. [PMID: 32759758 PMCID: PMC7435792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of fullerene, carbon-based nanomolecules sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Understanding the interactions of these materials with biological samples at the atomic level is crucial for improving the applications of nanomolecules and address safety aspects concerning their use in medicine. Protein crystallography provides the interface view between proteins and carbon-based nanomolecules. We review forefront structural studies of nanomolecules interacting with proteins and the mechanism underlying these interactions. We provide a systematic analysis of approaches used to select proteins interacting with carbon-based nanomolecules explored from the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) and scientific literature. The analysis of van der Waals interactions from available data provides important aspects of interactions between proteins and nanomolecules with implications on functional consequences. Carbon-based nanomolecules modulate protein surface electrostatic and, by forming ordered clusters, could modify protein quaternary structures. Lessons learned from structural studies are exemplary and will guide new projects for bioimaging tools, tuning of intrinsically disordered proteins, and design assembly of precise hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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Effects of Functionalized Fullerenes on ROS Homeostasis Determine Their Cytoprotective or Cytotoxic Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071405. [PMID: 32707664 PMCID: PMC7407884 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functionalized fullerenes (FF) can be considered regulators of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis; their direct oxidative damage-as well as regulation of oxidant enzymes and signaling pathways-should be considered. METHODS Uptake of two water-soluble functionalized C70 fullerenes with different types of aromatic addends (ethylphenylmalonate and thienylacetate) in human fetal lung fibroblasts, intracellular ROS visualization, superoxide scavenging potential, NOX4 expression, NRF2 expression, oxidative DNA damage, repair genes, cell proliferation and cell cycle were studied. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The intracellular effects of ethylphenylmalonate C70 derivative (FF1) can be explained in terms of upregulated NOX4 activity. The intracellular effects of thienylacetate C70 derivative (FF2) can be probably resulted from its superoxide scavenging potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. FF1 can be considered a NOX4 upregulator and potential cytotoxicant and FF2, as a superoxide scavenger and a potential cytoprotector.
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Pochkaeva EI, Podolsky NE, Zakusilo DN, Petrov AV, Charykov NA, Vlasov TD, Penkova AV, Vasina LV, Murin IV, Sharoyko VV, Semenov KN. Fullerene derivatives with amino acids, peptides and proteins: From synthesis to biomedical application. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen M, Yan M, Zeng G, Huang D. How do proteins 'response' to common carbon nanomaterials? Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:101-107. [PMID: 31200262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are widely produced and applied in biological and environmental fields because of their outstanding physical and chemical properties, which pose a threat to the safety of living organisms and the ecological environment. Therefore, understanding how carbon nanomaterials and their derivatives work on organisms is becoming important. In recent years, more and more researchers have explored the damage of carbon nanomaterials to organisms at the molecular level. This review pays special emphasis on how proteins response to the main carbon nanomaterials (fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene and their derivatives). In addition, how to use the interaction between carbon nanomaterials and proteins to do some beneficial things for human and the development of safe nanomaterials is simply discussed. Finally, some suggestions have been made to lay a theoretical foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Qamar N, Sultan H, Khan KM, Azmat R, Naz R, Hameed A, Lateef M. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐Methionine Mixed Ligands Metal Complexes: Preparation and Their Antioxidant Activity. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noshab Qamar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Hira Sultan
- Department of ChemistryNED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
- Department of Clinical PharmacyInstitute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 31441 Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Azmat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Raheela Naz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)University of Karachi Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryForman Christian College (A Chartered University) Ferozepur Road, Lahore- 54600 Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Lateef
- MDRLBaharia University of Medical & Dental College Karachi Pakistan
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Nekoei AR, Haghgoo S. DFT investigation on some nitrogen-doped fullerenes with more antiradical and antioxidant activities than C60. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim SH, Oh J, Nahm K, Noh S, Shim JH, Kim C, Kim E, Cho DW. Photochemical Approach for the Preparation of N-Alkyl/Aryl Substituted Fulleropyrrolidines: Photoaddition Reactions of Silyl Group Containing α-Aminonitriles with Fullerene C 60. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1407-1420. [PMID: 30624063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical reactions of C60 with N-(trimethylsilyl)methyl substituted and N-alkyl/aryl substituted α-aminonitriles were explored to evaluate the scope and reaction efficiency depending on the structural nature of amine substrates. The results showed that photoreactions of C60 with trimethylsilyl group containing N-alkyl amines produced predominantly both trimethylsilyl and cyano group containing trans-pyrrolidine ring fused fulleropyrrolidines in a chemo- and stereoselective manner. Interestingly, photoreactions of C60 with N-branched alkyl substituted amines led to exclusive formation of non-silyl containing cycloadducts. In contrast to those of N-alkyl substituted α-aminonitriles, photoreactions of N-(trimethylsilyl)methyl and N-aryl substituted α-aminonitriles gave rise to the formation of both trans- and cis-isomeric fulleropyrrolidines with an inefficient and non-stereoselective manner. The feasible mechanistic pathways leading to generation of fulleropyrrolidines are 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the azomethine ylides, generated by either a single electron transfer (SET) (under N2-purged conditions) or H atom abstraction (under O2-purged conditions) process, to fullerene C60. The stereoselectivities of photoproducts depending on the nature of amines are likely to be associated with conformational stabilities of in situ generated azoemthine ylides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Oh
- Department of Chemistry , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Keepyung Nahm
- Department of Chemistry , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunguk Noh
- Department of Chemistry , Daegu Univeristy , Gyeongsan , 38453 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shim
- Department of Chemistry , Daegu Univeristy , Gyeongsan , 38453 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Chosun University , Gwangju 61452 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Chosun University , Gwangju 61452 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Chemistry , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk 38541 , Republic of Korea
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Lim SH, Cho DW, Choi J, An H, Shim JH, Mariano PS. SET-promoted photoaddition reactions of fullerene C60 with tertiary N-trimethylsilylmethyl substituted α-aminonitriles. Approach to the synthesis of fulleropyrrolidine nitriles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Minois P, Bayardon J, Meunier-Prest R, Jugé S. [60]Fullerene l-Amino Acids and Peptides: Synthesis under Phase-Transfer Catalysis Using a Phosphine–Borane Linker. Electrochemical Behavior. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11358-11369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Minois
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-UMR 6302), BP 47870, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, Dijon 21078 Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Bayardon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-UMR 6302), BP 47870, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, Dijon 21078 Cedex, France
| | - Rita Meunier-Prest
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-UMR 6302), BP 47870, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, Dijon 21078 Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-UMR 6302), BP 47870, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue A. Savary, Dijon 21078 Cedex, France
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Isakova A, Burton C, Nowakowski DJ, Topham PD. Diels–Alder cycloaddition and RAFT chain end functionality: an elegant route to fullerene end-capped polymers with control over molecular mass and architecture. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene C60 end-capped polymers are synthesised using RAFT chain end functionality and Diels–Alder reaction with excellent yield and composition control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Isakova
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- Merz Court
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Christian Burton
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Daniel J. Nowakowski
- Bioenergy Research Group
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
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Zhang C, Wang S, Tan B. Novel fullerene-based porous materials constructed by a solvent knitting strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12758-12761. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we choose a dihydronaphthyl-functionalized C60 fullerene as a building block and utilize a novel solvent knitting strategy based on Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction to construct two kinds of novel porous materials by using dichloromethane (DCM) and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) as solvents and external crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
| | - Shaolei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
| | - Bien Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
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16
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Jeong HC, Lim SH, Cho DW, Kim SH, Mariano PS. Single electron transfer promoted photoaddition reactions of α-trimethylsilyl substituted secondary N-alkylamines with fullerene C 60. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10502-10510. [PMID: 27766336 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single electron transfer (SET) promoted photoaddition reactions of secondary N-α-trimethylsilyl-N-alkylamines to C60 were explored to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanistic pathways followed and to expand the library of novel types of organofullerenes that can be generated using this approach. The results show that photoreactions of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing C60 and N-α-trimethylsilyl-N-alkylamines produce either aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes or symmetric fulleropyrrolidines as major products depending on the nature of alkyl substituents. In contrast, photoreactions of 10% EtOH-ODCB solutions of these amines with C60 mainly lead to the formation of symmetric fulleropyrrolidines. Based on the analysis of product distributions and the results of earlier studies, two feasible mechanistic pathways are proposed for these processes. One route is initiated by SET from the amine substrates to the triplet-excited state of C60 to form the corresponding aminium radicals and C60 anion radicals. EtOH-promoted desilylation of the aminium radicals then takes place to produce aminomethyl radicals which can either add to C60 or couple with the C60 radical anions to form respective radicals or anion precursors of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerene products. The competing pathway leading to the generation of symmetric fulleropyrrolidines also involves the formation of aminomethyl radicals by using the sequential SET-desilylation process. In this route, the aminomethyl radicals are oxidized by SET to C60 to form iminium ions, which are then transformed to azomethine ylides by a pathway involving a second molecule of the secondary amine. Dipolar cycloaddition of the azomethine ylides to C60 forms the symmetric fulleropyrrolidine cycloadducts. Importantly, the observation that symmetric fulleropyrrolidines are the sole products formed in photoreactions between N-α-trimethylsilyl-N-alkylamines and C60 in 10% EtOH-ODCB has synthetic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Cheol Jeong
- Department of Energy Convergence Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Suk Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Patrick S Mariano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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17
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Park CM, Chu KH, Heo J, Her N, Jang M, Son A, Yoon Y. Environmental behavior of engineered nanomaterials in porous media: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 309:133-150. [PMID: 26882524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A pronounced increase in the use of nanotechnology has resulted in nanomaterials being released into the environment. Environmental exposure to the most common engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), such as carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials, can occur directly via intentional injection for remediation purposes, release during the use of nanomaterial-containing consumer goods, or indirectly via different routes. Recent reviews have outlined potential risks assessments, toxicity, and life cycle analyses regarding ENM emission. In this review, inevitable release of ENMs and their environmental behaviors in aqueous porous media are discussed with an emphasis on influencing factors, including the physicochemical properties of ENMs, solution chemistry, soil hydraulic properties, and soil matrices. Major findings of laboratory column studies and numerical approaches for the transport of ENMs are addressed, and studies on the interaction between ENMs and heavy metal ions in aqueous soil environments are examined. Future research is also presented with specific research directions and outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jiyong Heo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, 135-1, Changhari, Kokyungmeon, Young-cheon, Gyeongbuk 770-849, Republic of Korea
| | - Namguk Her
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, 135-1, Changhari, Kokyungmeon, Young-cheon, Gyeongbuk 770-849, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA.
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18
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Barron AR. [60]Fullerene-peptides: bio-nano conjugates with structural and chemical diversity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:164-176. [PMID: 27168130 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1177524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
[60]Fullerene-peptides represent a simple yet chemically diverse example of a bio-nano conjugate. The C60 moiety provides the following attributes to the conjugate: (a) precise three-dimensional architecture, (b) a large hydrophobic mass and (c) unique electronic properties. Conversely, the peptide component provides: (a) structural diversity depending on the overall length and amino acids composition, (b) charge flexibility and (c) secondary structure and recognition. Recent advances in the synthetic strategy for [60]fullerene-peptide synthesis from both pre-formed peptides and using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) are described. The effects of the hydrophobic C60 on the secondary structure of the peptide depend on the sequence of the latter, but in general the relative stability of particular structures is greatly enhanced. The ability of the [60]fullerene substituent to dramatically modify both cellular uptake and transdermal transport is discussed as is the effects on cell viability and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Barron
- a Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA.,c College of Engineering, Swansea University , Swansea , Wales , UK , and.,d Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University , Swansea , Wales , UK
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19
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Lim SH, Jeong HC, Sohn Y, Kim YI, Cho DW, Woo HJ, Shin IS, Yoon UC, Mariano PS. Single Electron Transfer-Promoted Photochemical Reactions of Secondary N-Trimethylsilylmethyl-N-benzylamines Leading to Aminomethylation of Fullerene C60. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2460-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Jeong
- Department
of Energy Convergence Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Woo
- Department
of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Ik-Soo Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Ung Chan Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Patrick S. Mariano
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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20
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Pubill-Ulldemolins C, Fernánez E, Bo C, Brown JM. Origins of observed reactivity and specificity in the addition of B2Cl4 and analogues to unsaturated compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9619-28. [PMID: 26260922 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In 1954 Schlesinger and co-workers observed the direct reaction of diboron tetrachloride with simple organic compounds under mild conditions, the 1,2 addition product being formed with either ethylene or acetylene. In the following 25 years a series of addition reactions to simple alkenes, alkynes and dienes was demonstrated. B2F4 was shown to react in similar manner, albeit under more forcing conditions. Crucially, it was demonstrated that the addition to (E)- or (Z)-but-2-ene occurred with cis-stereospecificity. Only sporadic interest was shown in this field thereafter until catalysed addition reactions of diboron reagents were realized. Encouraged by this revival of interest through the discovery of transition-metal and nucleophilic catalysis of diboryl additions, DFT analysis of uncatalysed additions of B2X4 has been carried out and interpreted. This includes the relative reactivity of several B-B reagents with ethene, and that of B2Cl4vs. B2F4 additions, including benzene, naphthalene and C60 as reactants. This allows the analysis of relative reactivity vis-à-vis substitution on boron, and also direct comparison with hydroboration by HBCl2. [4 + 2] Addition of diboron reagents to dienes with B-B cleavage competes with direct [2 + 2] addition, favourably so for B2F4. The computational results demonstrate that the stereospecific addition to isomeric but-2-enes is a rare concerted [2σs + 2πs] process.
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21
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Strom TA, Durdagi S, Ersoz SS, Salmas RE, Supuran CT, Barron AR. Fullerene-based inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:862-70. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Amanda Strom
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine; Bahcesehir University; Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | | | | | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) Italy
| | - Andrew R. Barron
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering; Rice University; Houston TX 77005 USA
- Institute of Life Sciences; Swansea University; Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales UK
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22
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Lim SH, Yi J, Ra CS, Nahm K, Cho DW, Lee GY, Kim J, Yoon UC, Mariano PS. SET-promoted photoaddition reactions of N -α-trimethylsilylmethyl- N , N -dibenzylamines with fullerene C 60 . Electronic factors that govern photoaddition efficiencies. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Ghiasi M, Kamalinahad S, Zahedi M. Complexation of nanoscale enzyme inhibitor with carbonic anhydrase active center: A quantum mechanical approach. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476614080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Bjelaković MS, Kop TJ, Đorđević J, Milić DR. Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1065-71. [PMID: 26171283 PMCID: PMC4464194 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of amphiphilic fullerene derivatives as a bionanomaterial was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ferrous ion oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) method. Despite the disrupted delocalization of the π-electronic system over the C60 sphere, its antioxidant capacity remained high for all twelve derivatives. The compounds expressed up to two-fold and 5-12-fold better peroxide quenching capacity as compared to pristine C60 and standard antioxidant vitamin C, respectively. During precipitation and slow evaporation of the solvent, all compounds underwent spontaneous self-assembly giving ordered structures. The size and morphology of the resulting particles depend primarily on the sample concentration, and somewhat on the side chain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira S Bjelaković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana J Kop
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana R Milić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Andreoli E, Dillon EP, Cullum L, Alemany LB, Barron AR. Cross-linking amine-rich compounds into high performing selective CO2 absorbents. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7304. [PMID: 25467054 PMCID: PMC4252903 DOI: 10.1038/srep07304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine-based absorbents play a central role in CO2 sequestration and utilization. Amines react selectively with CO2, but a drawback is the unproductive weight of solvent or support in the absorbent. Efforts have focused on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) reaching extremely high CO2 capacity, but limited selectivity to N2 and CH4, and decreased uptake at higher temperatures. A desirable system would have selectivity (cf. amine) and high capacity (cf. MOF), but also increased adsorption at higher temperatures. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept where polyethyleneimine (PEI) is converted to a high capacity and highly selective CO2 absorbent using buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) as a cross-linker. PEI-C(60) (CO2 absorption of 0.14 g/g at 0.1 bar/90 °C) is compared to one of the best MOFs, Mg-MOF-74 (0.06 g/g at 0.1 bar/90 °C), and does not absorb any measurable amount of CH4 at 50 bar. Thus, PEI-C(60) can perform better than MOFs in the sweetening of natural gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Andreoli
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Energy Safety Research Institute, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Eoghan P. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Laurie Cullum
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Lawrence B. Alemany
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Andrew R. Barron
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Energy Safety Research Institute, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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26
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Rossella F, Rose HM, Witte C, Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Design and Characterization of Two Bifunctional Cryptophane A-Based Host Molecules for Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Lim SH, Yi J, Moon GM, Ra CS, Nahm K, Cho DW, Kim K, Hyung TG, Yoon UC, Lee GY, Kim S, Kim J, Mariano PS. Method for the Synthesis of Amine-Functionalized Fullerenes Involving SET-Promoted Photoaddition Reactions of α-Silylamines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6946-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501034t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Jinju Yi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Gyeong Min Moon
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Choon Sup Ra
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Keepyung Nahm
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea
| | - Kyungmok Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Tae Gyung Hyung
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ung Chan Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ga Ye Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jinheung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Patrick S. Mariano
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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28
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Fullerene derivatives as a new class of inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Liu Q, Cui Q, Li XJ, Jin L. The applications of buckminsterfullerene C60 and derivatives in orthopaedic research. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55:71-9. [PMID: 24409811 PMCID: PMC4124742 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.877894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Buckminsterfullerene C60 and derivatives have been extensively explored in biomedical research due to their unique structure and unparalleled physicochemical properties. C60 is characterized as a "free radical sponge" with an anti-oxidant efficacy several hundred-fold higher than conventional anti-oxidants. Also, the C60 core has a strong electron-attracting ability and numerous functional compounds with widely different properties can be added to this fullerene cage. This review focused on the applications of C60 and derivatives in orthopaedic research, such as the treatment of cartilage degeneration, bone destruction, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), vertebral bone marrow disorder, radiculopathy, etc., as well as their toxicity in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that C60 and derivatives, especially the C60 cores coupled with functional groups presenting new biological and pharmacological activities, are advantageous in orthopaedic research and will be promising in clinical performance for musculoskeletal disorders treatment; however, the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of these agents as local/systemic administration need to be carefully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Jin
- Correspondence: Li Jin, Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 800374, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Tel: 434-982-4135. Fax: 434-982-1691.
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30
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Yang X, Ebrahimi A, Li J, Cui Q. Fullerene-biomolecule conjugates and their biomedicinal applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:77-92. [PMID: 24379667 PMCID: PMC3872219 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes are among the strongest antioxidants and are characterized as “radical sponges.” The research on biomedicinal applications of fullerenes has achieved significant progress since the landmark publication by Friedman et al in 1993. Fullerene–biomolecule conjugates have become an important area of research during the past 2 decades. By a thorough literature search, we attempt to update the information about the synthesis of different types of fullerene–biomolecule conjugates, including fullerene-containing amino acids and peptides, oligonucleotides, sugars, and esters. Moreover, we also discuss in this review recently reported data on the biological and pharmaceutical utilities of these compounds and some other fullerene derivatives of biomedical importance. While within the fullerene–biomolecule conjugates, in which fullerene may act as both an antioxidant and a carrier, specific targeting biomolecules conjugated to fullerene will undoubtedly strengthen the delivery of functional fullerenes to sites of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Yang
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA ; School of Materials Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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31
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Hilder TA, Chung SH. Designing a C84 fullerene as a specific voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:323. [PMID: 23855749 PMCID: PMC3726465 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives demonstrate considerable potential for numerous biological applications, such as the effective inhibition of HIV protease. Recently, they were identified for their ability to indiscriminately block biological ion channels. A fullerene derivative which specifically blocks a particular ion channel could lead to a new set of drug leads for the treatment of various ion channel-related diseases. Here, we demonstrate their extraordinary potential by designing a fullerene which mimics some of the functions of μ-conotoxin, a peptide derived from cone snail venom which potently binds to the bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel (NavAb). We show, using molecular dynamics simulations, that the C84 fullerene with six lysine derivatives uniformly attached to its surface is selective to NavAb over a voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1.3). The side chain of one of the lysine residues protrudes into the selectivity filter of the channel, while the methionine residues located just outside of the channel form hydrophobic contacts with the carbon atoms of the fullerene. The modified C84 fullerene strongly binds to the NavAb channel with an affinity of 46 nM but binds weakly to Kv1.3 with an affinity of 3 mM. This potent blocker of NavAb may serve as a structural template from which potent compounds can be designed for the targeting of mammalian Nav channels. There is a genuine need to target mammalian Nav channels as a form of treatment of various diseases which have been linked to their malfunction, such as epilepsy and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn A Hilder
- Computational Biophysics Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT 0200 Canberra, Australia
| | - Shin-Ho Chung
- Computational Biophysics Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT 0200 Canberra, Australia
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32
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Kokubo K, Masuda H, Ikuma N, Mikie T, Oshima T. Synthesis and characterization of new acetalized [60]fullerenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Tzirakis MD, Orfanopoulos M. Radical reactions of fullerenes: from synthetic organic chemistry to materials science and biology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5262-321. [PMID: 23570603 DOI: 10.1021/cr300475r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis D Tzirakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Greece.
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34
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Rajeshkumar V, Chan F, Chuang S. Palladium‐Catalyzed and Hybrid Acids‐Assisted Synthesis of [60]Fulleroazepines in One Pot under Mild Conditions: Annulation of
N
‐Sulfonyl‐2‐aminobiaryls with [60]Fullerene through Sequential C‐H Bond Activation, C‐C and C‐N Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatachalam Rajeshkumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C. Fax: (+886)‐35723764; phone: (+886)‐35731858
| | - Fu‐Wei Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C. Fax: (+886)‐35723764; phone: (+886)‐35731858
| | - Shih‐Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C. Fax: (+886)‐35723764; phone: (+886)‐35731858
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35
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Bjelaković M, Todorović N, Milić D. An Approach to Nanobioparticles - Synthesis and Characterization of Fulleropeptides. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Rajeshkumar V, Chuang SC. Evolution of Late Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Coupling Reaction of [60]Fullerene and N-Sulfonylaldimines: Competing Formation of Hydrobenzylated [60]Fullerenes and 1,2-Dihydrofullerene. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Fullerene is a compound formed during carbon burst that has been produced synthetically starting from the 1990s. The spherical shape and the characteristic carbon bonds of this allotrope (C(60)) have made it a suitable molecule for many applications. During the last decade, the low aqueous solubility of this molecule has been improved by chemical functionalization allowing the use of fullerene derivatives in biological fluids. The characterization of the toxicity potential of fullerenes is therefore of growing interest for any biomedical application. Intravenous injection is one of the possible routes of their administrations and therefore red blood cells are among the first targets of fullerene cytotoxicity. Human red blood cells are easily available and separated from plasma. Membrane disruption by toxic compounds is easily detected in red blood cells as release of hemoglobin in the cell medium, which can be assayed spectrophotometrically at λ = 415 nm. Due to the high molar extinction coefficient of hemoglobin, the assay can be performed on a small amount of both red blood cells and the test compounds, which might be available only in small quantities. So, the hemolysis assay is a simple screening test, whose results can guide further investigations on cytotoxicity in more complex experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tramer
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Xu Y, Zhu J, Xiang K, Li Y, Sun R, Ma J, Sun H, Liu Y. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of [60]fullerene–tuftsin conjugates. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9940-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suzen S, Cihaner SS, Coban T. Synthesis and comparison of antioxidant properties of indole-based melatonin analogue indole amino Acid derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:76-83. [PMID: 21883955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species attributed to oxidative stress have been found to be responsible for the development of some vital diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was observed that melatonin is a highly important antioxidant, and melatonin analogues are under investigation to find out improved antioxidant activity. In this study, 14 melatonin -based analogue indole amino acid and N-protected amino acid derivatives were synthesized and elucidated spectrometrically. To investigate the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds and to compare with melatonin, butylhydroxytoluene and vitamin E, lipid peroxidation inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities were tested. The results indicated that the synthesized new indole amino acid derivatives have similar activities to melatonin in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity assay but more potent activities in lipid peroxidation inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Suzen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
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40
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Yang G, Si Y, Su Z. Theoretical Study on the Chiroptical Optical Properties of Chiral Fullerene C60 Derivative. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13356-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204860x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guochun Yang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 Jilin, China
| | - Yanling Si
- College of Resource and Environmental Science Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 Jilin, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 Jilin, China
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41
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Muñoz A, Illescas BM, Sánchez-Navarro M, Rojo J, Martín N. Nanorods versus Nanovesicles from Amphiphilic Dendrofullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16758-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49. Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49. Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Zhong S, Pochan DJ. Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy for Direct Observation of Polymer and Small-Molecule Materials and Structures in Solution. POLYM REV 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2010.493254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Innocenti A, Durdagi S, Doostdar N, Amanda Strom T, Barron AR, Supuran CT. Nanoscale enzyme inhibitors: Fullerenes inhibit carbonic anhydrase by occluding the active site entrance. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2822-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Milic D, Prato M. Fullerene Unsymmetrical Bis-Adducts as Models for Novel Peptidomimetics. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Strom TA, Barron AR. A simple quick route to fullerene amino acid derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4764-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c003019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Allen NS, Zeynalov EB, Taylor K, Birkett P. Antioxidant capacity of novel amine derivatives of buckminsterfullerene: Determination of inhibition rate constants in a model oxidation system. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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48
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Zhang LW, Yang J, Barron AR, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Endocytic mechanisms and toxicity of a functionalized fullerene in human cells. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191:149-57. [PMID: 19723571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Derivatized fullerenes could be used in biomedical applications and be suitable vectors for drug delivery due to their small size, large surface area and solubility. However, the interactions of derivatized fullerenes with biological systems and cells are not well understood. A water-soluble fullerene-substituted phenylalanine (Bucky amino acid, Baa) poly-lysine derivative with a FITC label (Baa-Lys(FITC)-(Lys)(8)-OH) was characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy with negative staining, gel electrophoresis, zeta-potential, and UV/vis spectroscopy. Viability assays depicted the cytotoxicity was time, concentration and assay dependent. A decrease in ATP and glutathione at the high concentrations suggests that reactive oxygen species may be involved. Baa-Lys(FITC)-(Lys)(8)-OH was present near the cell membrane at 15 min and entered into the cytoplasm by 30 min but did not localize in the lysosomes. Endocytic inhibitors were used to investigate the uptake mechanism. These results showed that the endocytic pathways could be mediated by caveolae/lipid rafts and cytoskeletal components. A scavenger receptor inhibitor completely blocked the uptake of Baa-Lys(FITC)-(Lys)(8)-OH, suggesting a specific endocytic pathway was strongly involved in Baa-Lys(FITC)-(Lys)(8)-OH cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshuai W Zhang
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Clinical Science, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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49
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Durdagi S, Supuran CT, Strom TA, Doostdar N, Kumar MK, Barron AR, Mavromoustakos T, Papadopoulos MG. In Silico Drug Screening Approach for the Design of Magic Bullets: A Successful Example with Anti-HIV Fullerene Derivatized Amino Acids. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:1139-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ci900047s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Durdagi
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - T. Amanda Strom
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - Nadjmeh Doostdar
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - Mananjali K. Kumar
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - Andrew R. Barron
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biology Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence Via della Lastruccia, 3, Room 188 Polo Scientifico, 50019 - Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Center for
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50
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Enes RF, Farinha AS, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JA, Amorati R, Petrucci S, Pedulli GF. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of [60]fullerene–flavonoid conjugates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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