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Takimiya K, Bulgarevich K, Kawabata K. Crystal-Structure Control of Molecular Semiconductors by Methylthiolation: Toward Ultrahigh Mobility. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:884-894. [PMID: 38428923 PMCID: PMC10956433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe crystal structure of organic semiconductors has been regarded as one of the crucial factors for realizing high-performance electronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors. However, although the control of crystal structures of organic semiconductors has been examined in the last two decades of intensive efforts of the development of organic semiconductors, active measures to control crystal structures enabling high carrier mobility are still limited. In 2016, our research group noticed that regioselective methylthiolation could provide a selective crystal structure change from an ordinary herringbone structure to a pitched π-stacking structure, similar to the crystal structure of rubrene, in the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) system. Following this serendipitous finding, our group systematically investigated the relationship between the molecular and crystal structures of a range of methylthiolated aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds.This Account provides a comprehensive overview of our research efforts and advancements in the development of methylthiolated small-molecule-based organic semiconductors (molecular semiconductors). We first describe the outline of the past development of molecular semiconductors, focusing on the types of crystal structures of high-performance molecular semiconductors. Then, we describe our findings on the drastic crystal structure change in the BDT system upon methylthiolation, detailing the causes of the change in terms of the intermolecular contacts and intermolecular interaction energies. This is followed by the confirmation of the generality of the crystal-structure change by methylthiolation of a series of acene and heteroacenes, where the herringbone structure in the parent system is unexceptionally transformed into the pitched π-stacking structure, a promising crystal structure for high-mobility molecular semiconductors well exemplified by the prototypical molecular semiconductor, rubrene. In fact, the methylthiolated anthradithiophene afforded comparable high mobility to rubrene in single-crystal field-effect transistors. Then, we demonstrate that the sandwich herringbone structures of peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including pyrene, perylene, and peropyrene, change into brickwork crystal structures upon methylthiolation and that, among these compounds, very promising molecular semiconductors, methylthiolated pyrene and peropyrene, showing ultrahigh mobility of 30 cm2 V s-1, are realized.Through the studies, by gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the crystal structure changes, we lay a strong foundation for tackling challenges related to controlling the crystal structures and developing high-performance molecular semiconductors. This will be a distinct approach from the past activities in the development of molecular semiconductors that mainly focused on molecules themselves, including their synthesis, properties, and characterization. We thus anticipate that our findings and the present Account will open the door to a new era of the development of molecular semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tohoku
University Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Kirill Bulgarevich
- RIKEN
Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- RIKEN
Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Yasukawa T, Håheim KS, Cossy J. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by cross-coupling induced by transition metals - formation of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7666-7680. [PMID: 37702418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), by forming a C-C bond, can be achieved by cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to access these 1,3-disubstituted BCPs, either from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs. Mechanisms are included where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Katja S Håheim
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Weingartz T, Nagorny S, Adams J, Eitzeroth A, Schewe M, Rembe C, Schmidt A. Bis(thienyl)ethenes with α-methoxymethyl groups. Syntheses, spectroscopic Hammett plots, and stabilities in PMMA films. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25704-25716. [PMID: 37649660 PMCID: PMC10462923 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bis(thienyl)ethenes (BTEs) possessing perfluorocyclopentene backbones and methoxymethyl groups (MOM) in the 2/2'-positions of the thiophenes was prepared and examined. The substitution pattern of the 5/5'-positions was varied, covering the range from electron-donating to electron-withdrawing. The substituent effects of the absorption wavelengths of the ring-opened and the ring-closed isomers, which are interconverted by reversible 6π-electrocyclizations and cycloreversions, are studied by means of the spectroscopic Hammett equation and the Hammett-Brown equation. Excellent correlations of these linear free energy relationships were found, when the σp values of the Hammett equation, which summarize inductive, mesomeric and field effects, were replaced to the Hammett-Brown σp+ and σp- values which also take direct conjugation into account. We studied solvent effects on the spectroscopic properties and embedded the BTEs into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) coatings to examine their fatigue resistance. By our studies, the spectroscopic properties of BTEs can be adjusted by variation of the substitution pattern to a desired excitation wavelength for switching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Weingartz
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Sven Nagorny
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - André Eitzeroth
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Marvin Schewe
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute for Electrical Information Technology Leibnizstraße 28 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Christian Rembe
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute for Electrical Information Technology Leibnizstraße 28 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry Leibnizstrasse 6 D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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4
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Hiroyasu Y, Higashiguchi K, Shirakata C, Sugimoto M, Matsuda K. Kinetic Analysis of the Photochemical Paths in Asymmetric Diarylethene Dimer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300126. [PMID: 37246241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric diarylethene dimer composed of 2- and 3-thienylethene units linked by m-phenylene developed various colors upon UV irradiation via an independent photochromic reaction on each unit. The change in contents and the other photoresponses of the photogenerated four isomers were analyzed using quantum yield for all the possible photochemical paths, i. e., photoisomerization, fluorescence, energy transfer, and the other non-radiative paths. Almost all the rate constants of photochemical paths were calculated using measurable quantum yields and lifetimes. It was found that a significant contribution on photoresponse was the competition between photoisomerization and intramolecular energy transfer. The clear difference was observed in the photoresponses of the dimer and the 1 : 1 mixture solution of the model compounds. The m-phenylene spacer appropriately regulated the rate of energy transfer in the asymmetric dimer, and the spacer enabled isolation of the excited state of the dimer, making the above quantitative analysis possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Hiroyasu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Higashiguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shirakata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano Nishibiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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5
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Cheng X, Du F, Li Z. Synthesis of precision poly(1,3‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane alkylene)s via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Yue Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Fu‐Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zi‐Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China
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6
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Li Q, Li L, Xu QL, Pan F. Radical Acylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with Aldehydes: Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Ketones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4292-4297. [PMID: 35658457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are widely utilized in drug design as sp3-rich bioisosteres for tert-butyl, internal alkynes, and aryl groups. A general and mild method for radical acylation of [1.1.1]propellane with aldehydes has been developed. The protocol provides straightforward access to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane ketones with a broad substrate scope. The synthetic utility of this methodology is demonstrated by the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and the versatile transformation of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane ketones, making it useful for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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7
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8
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Anderson JM, Measom ND, Murphy JA, Poole DL. Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Nicholas D. Measom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
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Anderson JM, Measom ND, Murphy JA, Poole DL. Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24754-24769. [PMID: 34151501 PMCID: PMC9291545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
"Escaping from flatland", by increasing the saturation level and three-dimensionality of drug-like compounds, can enhance their potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile. One approach that has attracted considerable recent attention is the bioisosteric replacement of aromatic rings, internal alkynes and tert-butyl groups with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) units. While functionalisation of the tertiary bridgehead positions of BCP derivatives is well-documented, functionalisation of the three concyclic secondary bridge positions remains an emerging field. The unique properties of the BCP core present considerable synthetic challenges to the development of such transformations. However, the bridge positions provide novel vectors for drug discovery and applications in materials science, providing entry to novel chemical and intellectual property space. This Minireview aims to consolidate the major advances in the field, serving as a useful reference to guide further work that is expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryWestCHEMUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowScotlandG1 1XLUK
| | - Nicholas D. Measom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryWestCHEMUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowScotlandG1 1XLUK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
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10
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Jankowska J, Martyka M, Michalski M. Photo-cycloreversion mechanism in diarylethenes revisited: A multireference quantum-chemical study at the ODM2/MRCI level. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204305. [PMID: 34241185 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable diarylethenes (DAEs), over years of intense fundamental and applied research, have been established among the most commonly chosen molecular photoswitches, often employed as controlling units in molecular devices and smart materials. At the same time, providing reliable explanation for their photophysical behavior, especially the mechanism of the photo-cycloreversion transformation, turned out to be a highly challenging task. Herein, we investigate this mechanism in detail by means of multireference semi-empirical quantum chemistry calculations, allowing, for the first time, for a balanced treatment of the static and dynamic correlation effects, both playing a crucial role in DAE photochemistry. In the course of our study, we find the second singlet excited state of double electronic-excitation character to be the key to understanding the nature of the photo-cycloreversion transformation in DAE molecular photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Martyka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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11
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Senge MO, Grover N. Synthetic Advances in the C–H Activation of Rigid Scaffold Molecules. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable structural and electronic properties of rigid non-conjugated hydrocarbons afford attractive opportunities to design molecular building blocks for both medicinal and material applications. The bridgehead positions provide the possibility to append diverse functional groups at specific angles and in specific orientations. The current review summarizes the synthetic development in CH functionalization of three rigid scaffolds namely: (a) cubane, (b) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP), (c) adamantane.1 Introduction2 Cubane2.1 Cubane Synthesis2.2 Cubane Functionalization3 Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP)3.1 BCP Synthesis3.2 BCP Functionalization4 Adamantane4.1 Adamantane Synthesis4.2 Adamantane Functionalization5 Conclusions and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
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12
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13
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Locke GM, Flanagan KJ, Senge MO. Towards triptycene functionalization and triptycene-linked porphyrin arrays. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:763-777. [PMID: 32362950 PMCID: PMC7176921 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, 9,10-diethynyltriptycene is investigated for its use as a rigid isolating unit in the synthesis of multichromophoric arrays. Sonogashira cross-coupling conditions are utilized to attach various porphyrins and boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) to the triptycene scaffold. While there are previous examples of triptycene porphyrin complexes, this work reports the first example of a linearly connected porphyrin dimer, linked through the bridgehead carbons of triptycene. Symmetric and unsymmetric examples of these complexes are demonstrated and single crystal X-ray analysis of an unsymmetrically substituted porphyrin dimer highlights the evident linearity in these systems. Moreover, initial UV-vis and fluorescence studies show the promise of triptycene as a linker for electron transfer studies, showcasing its isolating nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Locke
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152–160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Keith J Flanagan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152–160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152–160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Sterling AJ, Dürr AB, Smith RC, Anderson EA, Duarte F. Rationalizing the diverse reactivity of [1.1.1]propellane through σ-π-delocalization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4895-4903. [PMID: 34122945 PMCID: PMC8159217 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
[1.1.1]Propellane is the ubiquitous precursor to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), motifs of high value in pharmaceutical and materials research. The classical Lewis representation of this molecule places an inter-bridgehead C-C bond along its central axis; 'strain relief'-driven cleavage of this bond is commonly thought to enable reactions with nucleophiles, radicals and electrophiles. We propose that this broad reactivity profile instead derives from σ-π-delocalization of electron density in [1.1.1]propellane. Using ab initio and DFT calculations, we show that its reactions with anions and radicals are facilitated by increased delocalization of electron density over the propellane cage during addition, while reactions with cations involve charge transfer that relieves repulsion inside the cage. These results provide a unified framework to rationalize experimental observations of propellane reactivity, opening up opportunities for the exploration of new chemistry of [1.1.1]propellane and related strained systems that are useful building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander B Dürr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Russell C Smith
- Janssen P.R.D. 3210 Merryfield Row San Diego California CA 92121 USA
| | | | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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15
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Takimiya K, Ogaki T, Wang C, Kawabata K. Crystal Structures of Dimethoxyanthracens: A Clue to a Rational Design of Packing Structures of π‐Conjugated Molecules. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:915-919. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- Emergent Molecular Function Research TeamRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuya Ogaki
- Emergent Molecular Function Research TeamRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Emergent Molecular Function Research TeamRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- Emergent Molecular Function Research TeamRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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16
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Grover N, Locke GM, Flanagan KJ, Beh MHR, Thompson A, Senge MO. Bridging and Conformational Control of Porphyrin Units through Non-Traditional Rigid Scaffolds. Chemistry 2020; 26:2405-2416. [PMID: 31697426 PMCID: PMC7064986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Connecting two porphyrin units in a rigid linear fashion, without any undesired electron delocalization or communication between the chromophores, remains a synthetic challenge. Herein, a broad library of functionally diverse multi-porphyrin arrays that incorporate the non-traditional rigid linker groups cubane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is described. A robust, reliable, and versatile synthetic procedure was employed to access porphyrin-cubane/BCP-porphyrin arrays, representing the largest non-polymeric structures available for cubane/BCP derivatives. These reactions demonstrate considerable substrate scope, from utilization of small phenyl moieties to large porphyrin rings, with varying lengths and different angles. To control conformational flexibility, amide bonds were introduced between the bridgehead carbon of BCP/cubane and the porphyrin rings. Through varying the orientation of the substituents around the amide bond of cubane/BCP, different intermolecular interactions were identified through single crystal X-ray analysis. These studies revealed non-covalent interactions that are the first-of-their-kind including a unique iodine-oxygen interaction between cubane units. These supramolecular architectures indicate the possibility to mimic a protein structure due to the sp3 rigid scaffolds (BCP or cubane) that exhibit the essential conformational space for protein function while simultaneously providing amide bonds for molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity College DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin2Ireland
| | - Gemma M. Locke
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity College DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin2Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity College DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin2Ireland
| | - Michael H. R. Beh
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity College DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin2Ireland
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie UniversityP.O. Box 15000Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2Canada
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of ChemistryDalhousie UniversityP.O. Box 15000Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2Canada
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of ChemistrySFI Tetrapyrrole LaboratoryTrinity College DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin2Ireland
- Physics Department E20Technische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Str. 185748GarchingGermany
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenberg-Str. 2a85748GarchingGermany
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17
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. 1,3‐Difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]Propellane via 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of Boronate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3917-3921. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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18
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Yu S, Jing C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. 1,3‐Difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]Propellane via 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of Boronate Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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19
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Granados A, Shafir A, Arrieta A, Cossío FP, Vallribera A. Stepwise Mechanism for the Bromination of Arenes by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2142-2150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Granados
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandr Shafir
- Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), c/ Jordi Girona 18−26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Bär RM, Heinrich G, Nieger M, Fuhr O, Bräse S. Insertion of [1.1.1]propellane into aromatic disulfides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1172-1180. [PMID: 31293664 PMCID: PMC6604700 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-bissulfanylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes from disulfides and [1.1.1]propellane. Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) recently gained interest as rigid linkers and as bioisosters of para-substituted benzene and alkyne moieties. The most promising precursor for BCPs is [1.1.1]propellane (1). The available methods to synthesize BCPs are quite limited and many groups contribute to the development of novel methods. The insertion of 1 into disulfide bonds is known, but has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we show that an UV initiated radical reaction can be used to synthesize symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted BCP sulfides by reaction of [1.1.1]propellane (1) with disulfides. Depending on the ratio of 1 to the disulfide, only the BCP product (with up to 98% yield) or a mixture of BCP and [2]staffane can be obtained. The reaction tolerates functional groups such as halogens, alkyl and methoxy groups. The separation of the corresponding BCP and [2]staffane products is challenging but possible by column chromatography and preparative TLC in most cases. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the rod-like structure of the [2]staffanes that is often required in material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Bär
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gregor Heinrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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21
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Ma X, Sloman DL, Han Y, Bennett DJ. A Selective Synthesis of 2,2-Difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Analogues: "BCP-F 2". Org Lett 2019; 21:7199-7203. [PMID: 31294572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motif has been utilized as bioisosteres in drug candidates to replace phenyl, tert-butyl, and alkynyl fragments in order to improve physicochemical properties. However, bceause of the difficulty of synthesis, most BCP analogues prepared only bear 1,3-"para"-substituents. We report the first selective synthesis of 2,2-difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes via difluorocarbene insertion into bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Moreover, this methodology should inspire future studies on synthesis of other "ortho/meta-substituted" BCPs via similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David L Sloman
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Yongxin Han
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David J Bennett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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22
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Ziebart N, Schröder F, Rück‐Braun K. A Photochromic Benzothiadiazole‐Diarylethene System with Tunable On/Off Fluorescence Modulation. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Ziebart
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Fanny Schröder
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Karola Rück‐Braun
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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23
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Locke GM, Bernhard SSR, Senge MO. Nonconjugated Hydrocarbons as Rigid-Linear Motifs: Isosteres for Material Sciences and Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:4590-4647. [PMID: 30387906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonconjugated hydrocarbons, like bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, triptycene, and cubane are a unique class of rigid linkers. Due to their similarity in size and shape they are useful mimics of classic benzene moieties in drugs, so-called bioisosteres. Moreover, they also fulfill an important role in material sciences as linear linkers, in order to arrange various functionalities in a defined spatial manner. In this Review article, recent developments and usages of these special, rectilinear systems are discussed. Furthermore, we focus on covalently linked, nonconjugated linear arrangements and discuss the physical and chemical properties and differences of individual linkers, as well as their application in material and medicinal sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Locke
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Stefan S R Bernhard
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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24
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Rout SK, Marghem G, Lan J, Leyssens T, Riant O. A radical exchange process: synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives of xanthates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14976-14979. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the installation of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane unit on the xanthate moiety by means of a radical exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar Rout
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Gilles Marghem
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Junjie Lan
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience. Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis Division
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Belgium
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25
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Mari D, Miyagawa N, Okano K, Mori A. Regiocontrolled Halogen Dance of Bromothiophenes and Bromofurans. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14126-14137. [PMID: 30387608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The LDA (lithium diisopropylamide)-promoted regiocontrolled halogen dance of α-bromothiophenes and α-bromofurans is described. Bromothiophenes bearing a diethyl acetal moiety undergo selective deprotonation at the β-position adjacent to the bromo group. In contrast, oxazoline, ester, and amide groups act as directing groups in the initial lithiation step to generate a carbanion at the β-position neighboring the directing group to exclusively give the other regioisomer. These results can be applied to the regiocontrolled halogen dance of bromofuran derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Mari
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai , Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Naoki Miyagawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai , Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai , Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai , Nada, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
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26
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Ziebart N, Schroeer P, Rueck-Braun K. Synthesis and characterization of non-symmetrical photoswitchable DTE(OMe) sensitizers. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Irie M, Morimoto M. Photoswitchable Turn-on Mode Fluorescent Diarylethenes: Strategies for Controlling the Switching Response. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501
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28
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Osakada Y, Fukaminato T, Ichinose Y, Fujitsuka M, Harada Y, Majima T. Live Cell Imaging Using Photoswitchable Diarylethene-Doped Fluorescent Polymer Dots. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2660-2665. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Osakada
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies; Osaka University; 1-1 Yamadagaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN); Osaka University; 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Yuma Ichinose
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN); Osaka University; 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN); Osaka University; 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN); Osaka University; 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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29
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Makarov IS, Brocklehurst CE, Karaghiosoff K, Koch G, Knochel P. Synthese von Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan‐Bioisosteren von internen Alkinen und
para
‐disubstituierten Benzolen unter Verwendung von [1.1.1]Propellan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya S. Makarov
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Cara E. Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Klybeckstrasse 141 4057 Basel Schweiz
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Guido Koch
- Global Discovery Chemistry Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Klybeckstrasse 141 4057 Basel Schweiz
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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30
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Makarov IS, Brocklehurst CE, Karaghiosoff K, Koch G, Knochel P. Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Bioisosteres of Internal Alkynes and para-Disubstituted Benzenes from [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12774-12777. [PMID: 28786520 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a general preparation of arylated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes through the opening of [1.1.1]propellane with various arylmagnesium halides. After transmetalation with ZnCl2 and Negishi cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl halides, bis-arylated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes are obtained. These bis-arylated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes may be considered as bioisosteres of internal alkynes. Bioisosteres of tazarotene and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine were prepared and their physicochemical properties were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya S Makarov
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 141 Klybeckstrasse, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Guido Koch
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 141 Klybeckstrasse, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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31
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Dilmaç AM, Spuling E, de Meijere A, Bräse S. Propellane: von chemischen Kuriositäten zu “explosiven” Materialen und Naturstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Dilmaç
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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32
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Dilmaç AM, Spuling E, de Meijere A, Bräse S. Propellanes-From a Chemical Curiosity to "Explosive" Materials and Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5684-5718. [PMID: 27905166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Propellanes are a unique class of compounds currently consisting of well over 10 000 representatives, all featuring two more or less inverted tetrahedral carbon atoms that are common to three bridging rings. The central single bond between the two bridgeheads is significantly weakened in the smaller entities, which leads to unusual reactivities of these structurally interesting propeller-like molecules. This Review highlights the synthesis of such propellanes and their occurrence in material sciences, natural products, and medicinal chemistry. The conversion of [1.1.1]propellane into bridgehead derivatives of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, including oligomers and polymers with bicyclo[1.1.1]penta-1,3-diyl repeat units, is also featured. A selection of natural products with larger propellane subunits are discussed in detail. Heteropropellanes and inorganic propellanes are also addressed. The historical background is touched in brief to show the pioneering work of David Ginsburg, Günther Snatzke, Kenneth B. Wiberg, Günter Szeimies, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Dilmaç
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Lopchuk JM, Fjelbye K, Kawamata Y, Malins LR, Pan CM, Gianatassio R, Wang J, Prieto L, Bradow J, Brandt TA, Collins MR, Elleraas J, Ewanicki J, Farrell W, Fadeyi OO, Gallego GM, Mousseau JJ, Oliver R, Sach NW, Smith JK, Spangler JE, Zhu H, Zhu J, Baran PS. Strain-Release Heteroatom Functionalization: Development, Scope, and Stereospecificity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3209-3226. [PMID: 28140573 PMCID: PMC5334783 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Driven by the ever-increasing pace
of drug discovery and the need
to push the boundaries of unexplored chemical space, medicinal chemists
are routinely turning to unusual strained bioisosteres such
as bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, azetidine, and cyclobutane to modify their
lead compounds. Too often, however, the difficulty of installing these
fragments surpasses the challenges posed even by the construction
of the parent drug scaffold. This full account describes the development
and application of a general strategy where spring-loaded, strained
C–C and C–N bonds react with amines to allow for the
“any-stage” installation of small, strained ring systems.
In addition to the functionalization of small building blocks and
late-stage intermediates, the methodology has been applied to bioconjugation
and peptide labeling. For the first time, the stereospecific strain-release
“cyclopentylation” of amines, alcohols, thiols,
carboxylic acids, and other heteroatoms is introduced. This report
describes the development, synthesis, scope of reaction, bioconjugation,
and synthetic comparisons of four new chiral “cyclopentylation”
reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Lopchuk
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kasper Fjelbye
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lara R Malins
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chung-Mao Pan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan Gianatassio
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Liher Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James Bradow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A Brandt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael R Collins
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeff Elleraas
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason Ewanicki
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - William Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Olugbeminiyi O Fadeyi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary M Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert Oliver
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Neal W Sach
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason K Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jillian E Spangler
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Huichin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jinjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. , 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Molloy MS, Snyder JA, DeFrancisco JR, Bragg AE. Structural Control of Nonadiabatic Photochemical Bond Formation: Photocyclization in Structurally Modified ortho-Terphenyls. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3998-4007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly S. Molloy
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Joshua A. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Justin R. DeFrancisco
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Arthur E. Bragg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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35
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Gendron D, Vamvounis G. Synthesis and Reactions of Halo-substituted Alkylthiophenes. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2015.1088752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Galangau O, Nakashima T, Maurel F, Kawai T. Substituent Effects on the Photochromic Properties of Benzothiophene-Based Derivatives. Chemistry 2015; 21:8471-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Irie M, Fukaminato T, Matsuda K, Kobatake S. Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Research
Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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38
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Steffen A, Ward RM, Tay MG, Edkins RM, Seeler F, van Leeuwen M, Pålsson LO, Beeby A, Batsanov AS, Howard JAK, Marder TB. Regiospecific Formation and Unusual Optical Properties of 2,5-Bis(arylethynyl)rhodacyclopentadienes: A New Class of Luminescent Organometallics. Chemistry 2014; 20:3652-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ichikawa T, Morimoto M, Irie M. Asymmetric photoreaction of a diarylethene in hydrogen-bonded cocrystals with chiral molecules. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:199-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shirinian VZ, Lonshakov DV, Lvov AG, Krayushkin MM. Fluorescent photochromes of diarylethene series: synthesis and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n06abeh004339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Taniguchi N, Shimomaki R, Amako T, Sato T, Tokutome H, Tajima N, Kuroda R, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Preparation of a Spontaneously Resolved Chiral Fluorescent System Containing 4-(2-Arylethynyl)benzoic Acid. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Rajappa S, Gumaste VK. Reactivity of Thiophenes, Oligothiophenes and Benzothiophenes. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404598-9.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Yamada S, Kinoshita K, Iwama S, Yamazaki T, Kubota T, Yajima T. Development of novel synthetic routes to bis(perfluoroalkyl)-substituted anthracene derivatives. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40974k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Tietz JI, Seed AJ, Sampson P. Preparation of brominated 2-alkoxythiophenes via oxidation and etherification of 2-thienyltrifluoroborate salts. Org Lett 2012; 14:5058-61. [PMID: 23005916 DOI: 10.1021/ol3022897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ring brominated long-chain 2-alkoxythiophenes is reported, involving mild (Oxone) oxidation of readily prepared 2-thienyltrifluoroborate salts followed by Mitsunobu etherification. Both procedures are operationally straightforward and use inexpensive reagents. Using this approach, several novel mono- and dibrominated octyloxythiophenes with previously elusive substitution patterns were prepared. One such compound was elaborated to a novel 5-alkoxythieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate ester, marking the first synthetic entry into this family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Tietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores switch from a nonemissive to an emissive state upon illumination at an activating wavelength and then emit after irradiation at an exciting wavelength. The interplay of such activation and excitation events can be exploited to switch fluorescence on in a defined region of space at a given interval of time. In turn, the spatiotemporal control of fluorescence translates into the opportunity to implement imaging and spectroscopic schemes that are not possible with conventional fluorophores. Specifically, photoactivatable fluorophores permit the monitoring of dynamic processes in real time as well as the reconstruction of images with subdiffraction resolution. These promising applications can have a significant impact on the characterization of the structures and functions of biomolecular systems. As a result, strategies to implement mechanisms for fluorescence photoactivation with synthetic fluorophores are particularly valuable. In fact, a number of versatile operating principles have already been identified to activate the fluorescence of numerous members of the main families of synthetic dyes. These methods are based on either the irreversible cleavage of covalent bonds or the reversible opening and closing of rings. This paper overviews the fundamental mechanisms that govern the behavior of these photoresponsive systems, illustrates structural designs for fluorescence photoactivation, and provides representative examples of photoactivatable fluorophores in actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
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46
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Mengel AKC, He B, Wenger OS. A Triarylamine–Triarylborane Dyad with a Photochromic Dithienylethene Bridge. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6545-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K. C. Mengel
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bice He
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Cusido J, Battal M, Deniz E, Yildiz I, Sortino S, Raymo FM. Fast Fluorescence Switching within Hydrophilic Supramolecular Assemblies. Chemistry 2012; 18:10399-407. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Deniz E, Battal M, Cusido J, Sortino S, Raymo FM. Insights into the isomerization of photochromic oxazines from the excitation dynamics of BODIPY–oxazine dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10300-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Aramendía PF, Bossi ML. Probes for Nanoscopy: Photoswitchable Fluorophores. SPRINGER SERIES ON FLUORESCENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/4243_2012_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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50
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Takagi Y, Kunishi T, Katayama T, Ishibashi Y, Miyasaka H, Morimoto M, Irie M. Photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethene derivatives with short alkyl chain substituents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1661-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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