1
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Coloma I, Parrón-Ballesteros J, Cortijo M, Cuerva C, Turnay J, Herrero S. Overcoming Resistance of Caco-2 Cells to 5-Fluorouracil through Diruthenium Complex Encapsulation in PMMA Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12870-12879. [PMID: 38833385 PMCID: PMC11256753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance, one of the main drawbacks in cancer chemotherapy, can be tackled by employing a combination of drugs that target different biological processes in the cell, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new paddlewheel diruthenium complex that includes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly used anticancer drug. This drug was functionalized with a carboxylate group to take advantage of the previously demonstrated release capacity of carboxylate ligands from the diruthenium core. The resulting hydrophobic complex, [Ru2Cl(DPhF)3(5-FUA)] (Ru-5-FUA) (DPhF = N,N'-diphenylformamidinate; 5-FUA = 5-fluorouracil-1-acetate) was subsequently entrapped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles (PMMA@Ru-5-FUA) via a reprecipitation method to be transported in biological media. The optimized encapsulation procedure yielded particles with an average size of 81.2 nm, a PDI of 0.11, and a zeta potential of 29.2 mV. The cytotoxicity of the particles was tested in vitro using the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. The IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of PMMA@Ru-5-FUA (6.08 μM) was just slightly lower than that found for the drug 5-FU (7.64 μM). Most importantly, while cells seemed to have developed drug resistance against 5-FU, PMMA@Ru-5-FUA showed an almost complete lethality at ∼30 μM. Conversely, an analogous diruthenium complex devoid of the 5-FU moiety, [Ru2Cl(DPhF)3(O2CCH3)] (PMMA@RuA), displayed a reduced cytotoxicity at equivalent concentrations. These findings highlight the effect of combining the anticancer properties of 5-FU with those of diruthenium species. This suggests that the distinct modes of action of the two chemical species are crucial for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Coloma
- MatMoPol
Research Group, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Parrón-Ballesteros
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Cortijo
- MatMoPol
Research Group, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristián Cuerva
- MatMoPol
Research Group, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Turnay
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Herrero
- MatMoPol
Research Group, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Terán A, Ferraro G, Sánchez-Peláez AE, Herrero S, Merlino A. Effect of Equatorial Ligand Substitution on the Reactivity with Proteins of Paddlewheel Diruthenium Complexes: Structural Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:670-674. [PMID: 36597851 PMCID: PMC9846696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The paddlewheel [Ru2Cl(O2CCH3)4] complex was previously reported to react with the model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), forming adducts with two diruthenium moieties bound to Asp101 and Asp119 side chains upon the release of one acetate. To study the effect of the equatorial ligands on the reactivity with proteins of diruthenium compounds, X-ray structures of the adducts formed when HEWL reacts with [Ru2Cl(D-p-FPhF)(O2CCH3)3] [D-p-FPhF = N,N'-bis(4-fluorophenyl)formamidinate] under different conditions were solved. [Ru2Cl(D-p-FPhF)(O2CCH3)3] is bonded through their equatorial positions to the Asp side chains. Protein binding occurs cis or trans to D-p-FPhF. Lys or Arg side chains or even main-chain carbonyl groups can coordinate to the diruthenium core at the axial site. Data help to understand the reactivity of paddlewheel diruthenium complexes with proteins, providing useful information for the design of new artificial diruthenium-containing metalloenzymes with potential applications in the fields of catalysis, biomedicine, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Terán
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Ana E. Sánchez-Peláez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Santiago Herrero
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain,
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy,
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3
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Inchausti A, Terán A, Manchado-Parra A, de Marcos-Galán A, Perles J, Cortijo M, González-Prieto R, Herrero S, Jiménez-Aparicio R. New insights into progressive ligand replacement from [Ru 2Cl(O 2CCH 3) 4]: synthetic strategies and variation in redox potentials and paramagnetic shifts. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9708-9719. [PMID: 35699149 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complete series of [Ru2Cl(Dp-FPhF)x(O2CCH3)4-x] (x = 1-4; Dp-FPhF- = N,N'-bis(4-fluorophenyl)formamidinate) compounds, has been prepared and characterized by a multi-technique approach, including single crystal X-ray diffraction. A careful study of the different methodologies has allowed us to prepare four compounds with good yields and without an inert atmosphere or further purification. Specifically, [Ru2Cl(Dp-FPhF)(O2CCH3)3] (1) was obtained using an ultrasound-assisted (USS) method, while [Ru2Cl(Dp-FPhF)4] (4) was prepared by microwave assisted solvothermal synthesis (MWS). The intermediate substitution products cis-[Ru2Cl(Dp-FPhF)2(O2CCH3)2] (2) and [Ru2Cl(Dp-FPhF)3(O2CCH3)] (3) have been prepared by conventional heating, controlling the molar ratio of the starting materials. ESI-MS and infrared spectroscopy were used to follow all the reactions and permitted a qualitative evaluation of the axial reactivity in this series. Magnetic and absorption measurements confirmed a high spin σ2π4δ2(π*δ*)3 electronic configuration in all cases. However, the effect of the gradual modification of the electronic density in the diruthenium core markedly affects other properties. The cyclic voltammograms of the compounds show a strong decrease in the one electron oxidation potential and an increase in the reduction potential in the series from 1 to 4. Furthermore, despite their paramagnetic nature, 1H- and 19F-NMR spectra were recorded, and a correlation between the paramagnetic shift of the signals and the substitution degree of the diruthenium species was observed. These results provide a comprehensive guide to synthesise and understand the effects of equatorial ligand substitution on the properties of Ru25+ compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Inchausti
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aarón Terán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Manchado-Parra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alessandra de Marcos-Galán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de monocristal, Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Cortijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo González-Prieto
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Reyes Jiménez-Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Coloma I, Cortijo M, Fernández-Sánchez I, Perles J, Priego JL, Gutiérrez C, Jiménez-Aparicio R, Desvoyes B, Herrero S. pH- and Time-Dependent Release of Phytohormones from Diruthenium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7779-7788. [PMID: 32412249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The controlled release of functionally active compounds is important in a variety of applications. Here, we have synthesized, characterized, and studied the magnetic properties of three novel metal-metal-bonded tris(formamidinato) Ru25+ complexes. We have used different auxin-related hormones, indole-3-acetate (IAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D), and 1-naphthaleneacetate (NAA), to generate [Ru2Cl(μ-DPhF)3(μ-IAA)] (RuIAA), [Ru2Cl(μ-DPhF)3(μ-2,4-D)] (Ru2,4-D), and [Ru2Cl(μ-DPhF)3(μ-NAA)] (RuNAA) (DPhF = N,N'-diphenylformamidinate). The crystal structures of RuIAA, RuIAA·THF, Ru2,4-D·CH2Cl2, and RuNAA·0.5THF have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To assess the releasing capacity of the bound hormone, we have employed a biological assay that relied on Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing an auxin reporter gene and we demonstrate that the release of the phytohormones from RuIAA, Ru2,4-D, and RuNAA is pH- and time-dependent. These studies serve as a proof of concept showing the potential of these types of compounds as biological molecule carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Coloma
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Cortijo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Priego
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Crisanto Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biologı́a Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Reyes Jiménez-Aparicio
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bénédicte Desvoyes
- Centro de Biologı́a Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Herrero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Osterloh WR, Galindo G, Yates MJ, Van Caemelbecke E, Kadish KM. Synthesis, Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Water-Soluble Mixed-Ligand Diruthenium Complexes Containing Anilinopyridinate Bridging Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:584-594. [PMID: 31876147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble Ru25+ complexes of the type Ru2(O2CCH3)3(L)Cl where L = 2,3,4,5,6-F5ap, 2,4,6-F3ap, 2-Fap, ap, 2-Meap, 2,6-Me2ap, or 2,4,6-Me3ap, where ap is the anilinopyridinate anion, have been characterized as to their structural and physicochemical properties in H2O and DMSO. Five of the newly synthesized complexes were structurally characterized, and the Ru-Cl bond lengths range from 2.477 to 2.544 Å while the Ru-Ru bond lengths range from 2.2838 to 2.2935 Å. The UV-vis spectra of each compound are characterized by three absorption bands in both H2O and DMSO, the intensity and position of which vary with both the type of bridging ligand and the solvent. The seven examined Ru25+ complexes exist as 1:1 electrolytes in water, and each undergoes a reversible one-electron reduction assigned to Ru25+/Ru24+ in both investigated solvents. A second irreversible reduction attributed to Ru24+/Ru23+ is also observed for each compound at more negative potentials in DMSO. A linear free energy relationship exists between the sum of the Hammett substituent constants (Σσ) on the ap-type bridging ligand and the wavenumber of an absorption band for the Ru25+ complexes. A linear relationship is also seen between Σσ and measured E1/2 values for the Ru25+/Ru24+ process in water containing 0.1 M KCl, but little to no effect is seen between the specific bridging ligand and the structural features of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Houston Baptist University , 7502 Fondren Road , Houston , Texas 77074-3298 , United States
| | - Gabriel Galindo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Houston Baptist University , 7502 Fondren Road , Houston , Texas 77074-3298 , United States
| | - Michelle J Yates
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Houston Baptist University , 7502 Fondren Road , Houston , Texas 77074-3298 , United States
| | - Eric Van Caemelbecke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Houston Baptist University , 7502 Fondren Road , Houston , Texas 77074-3298 , United States
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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6
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7
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Valentín-Pérez Á, Perles J, Herrero S, Jiménez-Aparicio R. Coordination capacity of cytosine, adenine and derivatives towards open-paddlewheel diruthenium compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 187:109-115. [PMID: 30077945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Ru2Cl2(DPhF)3] (DPhF = diphenylformamidinate) links preferentially to the junctions of RNA (ribonucleic acid) structures, although the bonding mode is not known. In order to clarify this question the reactions between [Ru2Cl2(DPhF)3] and cytosine (Hcyto), cytidine (Hcyti), cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (NacCMP), adenine (Hade), adenosine (Haden) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (HcAMP) have been carried out. In the resultant complexes, cyto (cytosinate), cyti (cytidinate), cCMP (cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate monoanion), ade (adeninate), aden (adenosinate) and cAMP (deprotonated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) are bonded to the diruthenium unit as N,N'-bridging ligands, as confirmed by the solution of the crystal structures of [RuCl(DPhF)3(cyto)] and [RuCl(DPhF)3(ade)] by X-ray diffraction. The axial positions of the diruthenium species are still available for additional interactions with other residues that could explain its preference towards RNA junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Valentín-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Reyes Jiménez-Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic and Electrochmical Properties of Tetrakis(benzamidato)diruthenium(II,III) Tetrafluoroborate. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Yang BB, Feng LN, Fan XM, Zhang KX, Yang JH, Liu B. Towards a new type of heterometallic system based on a paddle-wheel Ru2 dimer: first results derived from the use of a high spin diruthenium(iii,iii) building block. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic diruthenium(iii,iii) compound shows a two-step relaxation and order below 14 K with a coercive field of 24.9 kOe at 1.8 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Yang
- A Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Li-Na Feng
- A Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Xiao-Meng Fan
- A Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Kai-Xiang Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Jian-Hui Yang
- A Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Bin Liu
- A Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
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10
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Lozano G, Jimenez-Aparicio R, Herrero S, Martinez-Salas E. Fingerprinting the junctions of RNA structure by an open-paddlewheel diruthenium compound. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:330-8. [PMID: 26759454 PMCID: PMC4748811 DOI: 10.1261/rna.054353.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA function is determined by its structural organization. The RNA structure consists of the combination of distinct secondary structure motifs connected by junctions that play an essential role in RNA folding. Selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) probing is an established methodology to analyze the secondary structure of long RNA molecules in solution, which provides accurate data about unpaired nucleotides. However, the residues located at the junctions of RNA structures usually remain undetected. Here we report an RNA probing method based on the use of a novel open-paddlewheel diruthenium (OPW-Ru) compound [Ru2Cl2(µ-DPhF)3(DMSO)] (DPhF = N,N'-diphenylformamidinate). This compound has four potential coordination sites in a singular disposition to establish covalent bonds with substrates. As a proof of concept, we have analyzed the reactivity of OPW-Ru toward RNA using two viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements whose function depends on the structural organization of the molecule. Our study suggests that the compound OPW-Ru preferentially attacks at positions located one or two nucleotides away from junctions or bulges of the RNA structure. The OPW-Ru fingerprinting data differ from that obtained by other chemical reagents and provides new information about RNA structure features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lozano
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Reyes Jimenez-Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Santiago Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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11
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Harada Y, Ikeue T, Ide Y, Kimura Y, Hiromitsu I, Yoshioka D, Mikuriya M, Kataoka Y, Handa M. Synthesis, structures, and properties of lantern-type dinuclear ruthenium(II,III) complexes cis-[Ru2{3,5-(CF3)2-pf}2(O2CMe)2Cl] and [Ru2{3,5-(CF3)2-pf}3(O2CMe)Cl], 3,5-(CF3)2-pf−=N,N′-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]formamidinate anion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Manowong M, Han B, McAloon TR, Shao J, Guzei IA, Ngubane S, Van Caemelbecke E, Bear JL, Kadish KM. Effect of axial ligands on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of diruthenium compounds. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7416-28. [PMID: 25004282 DOI: 10.1021/ic5007605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three related diruthenium complexes containing four symmetrical anionic bridging ligands were synthesized and characterized as to their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. The examined compounds are represented as Ru2(dpb)4Cl, Ru2(dpb)4(CO), and Ru2(dpb)4(NO) in the solid state, where dpb = diphenylbenzamidinate anion. Different forms of Ru2(dpb)4Cl are observed in solution depending on the utilized solvent and the counteranion added to solution. Each Ru2(5+) form of the compound undergoes multiple redox processes involving the dimetal unit. The reversibility as well as potentials of these diruthenium-centered electrode reactions depends upon the solvent and the bound axial ligand. The Ru2(5+/4+) and Ru2(5+/6+) processes of Ru2(dpb)4Cl were monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy in both CH2Cl2 and PhCN. A conversion of Ru2(dpb)4Cl to [Ru2(dpb)4(CO)](+) was also carried out by simply bubbling CO gas through a CH2Cl2 solution of Ru2(dpb)4Cl at room temperature. The chemically generated [Ru2(dpb)4(CO)](+) complex undergoes several electron transfer processes in CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 M TBAClO4 under a CO atmosphere, and the same reactions were seen for a chemically synthesized sample of Ru2(dpf)4(CO) in CH2Cl2, 0.1 M TBAClO4 under a N2 atmosphere, where dpf = N,N'-diphenylformamidinate anion. Ru2(dpb)4(NO) undergoes two successive one-electron reductions and a single one-electron oxidation, all of which involve the diruthenium unit. The CO and NO adducts of Ru2(dpb)4 were further characterized by FTIR spectroelectrochemistry, and the IR spectral data of these compounds are discussed in light of results for previously characterized Ru2(dpf)4(CO) and Ru2(dpf)4(NO) derivatives under similar solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machima Manowong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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13
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Chiarella GM, Cotton FA, Murillo CA, Ventura K, Villagrán D, Wang X. Manipulating Magnetism: Ru25+ Paddlewheels Devoid of Axial Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9580-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Chiarella
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - F. Albert Cotton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Carlos A. Murillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen Ventura
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Dino Villagrán
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Savchenko J, Fanwick PE, Hope H, Gao Y, Yerneni CK, Ren T. New diruthenium (II,III) compounds bearing terminal olefin groups. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The symmetric, high-spin triiron complex ((Ph)L)Fe(3)(THF)(3) reacts with mild chemical oxidants (e.g., Ph(3)C-X, I(2)) to afford an asymmetric core, where one iron bears the halide ligand ((Ph)L)Fe(3)X(L) and the hexadentate ((Ph)L = MeC(CH(2)NPh-o-NPh)(3)) ligand has undergone significant rearrangement. In the absence of a suitable trapping ligand, the chlorine and bromine complexes form (μ-X)(2)-bridged structures of the type [((Ph)L)Fe(3)(μ-X)](2). In the trinuclear complexes, the halide-bearing iron site sits in approximate trigonal-bipyramidal (tbp) geometry, formed by two ((Ph)L) anilides and an exogenous solvent molecule. The two distal iron atoms reside in distorted square-planar sites featuring a short Fe-Fe separation at 2.301 Å, whereas the distance to the tbp site is substantially elongated (2.6-2.7 Å). Zero-field, (57)Fe Mössbauer analysis reveals the diiron unit as the locus of oxidation, while the tbp site bearing the halide ligand remains divalent. Magnetic data acquired for the series reveal that the oxidized diiron unit comprises a strongly coupled S = (3)/(2) unit that is weakly ferromagnetically coupled to the high-spin (S = 2) ferrous site, giving an overall S = (7)/(2) ground state for the trinuclear units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Eames
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Eames EV, Harris TD, Betley TA. Modulation of magnetic behavior vialigand-field effects in the trigonal clusters (PhL)Fe3L*3(L*= thf, py, PMe2Ph). Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Forrest WP, Cao Z, Chen WZ, Hassell KM, Kharlamova A, Jakstonyte G, Ren T. Decorating Diruthenium Compounds with Fréchet Dendrons via the Click Reaction. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9345-53. [PMID: 21902231 DOI: 10.1021/ic200929r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William P Forrest
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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Boyd DA, Fanwick PE, Ren T. New diruthenium complexes formed via modification with 1,1′-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boyd DA, Cao Z, Song Y, Wang TW, Fanwick PE, Crutchley RJ, Ren T. Diruthenium compounds bearing equatorial fc-containing ligands: synthesis and electronic structure. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:11525-31. [PMID: 21070020 DOI: 10.1021/ic101628z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the synthesis of compounds Ru(2)(D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F)(4-n)(O(2)CFc)(n)Cl (n = 1, 3a; 2, 4a), where D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F is N,N'-di(3,5-dichlorophenyl)formamidinate, from the carboxylate exchange reactions between Ru(2)(D(3,5-Cl(2)Ph)F)(4-n)(OAc)(n)Cl and ferrocene carboxylic acid was communicated. Reported herein is the preparation of analogous compounds Ru(2)(DmAniF)(4-n)(O(2)CFc)(n)Cl (n = 1, 3b; 2, 4b), where DmAniF is N,N'-di(3-methoxyphenyl)formamidinate, from Ru(2)(DmAniF)(4-n)(OAc)(n)Cl. Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized with various techniques including X-ray structural determinations of 3a and 4a. Voltammetric behaviors of compounds 3 and 4 were investigated, and stepwise one-electron ferrocene oxidations were observed for both compounds 4a and 4b. Spectral analysis of the monocations [4](+) indicated that they are the Robin-Day class II mixed valent [Fc···Fc](+) species. Measurement and fitting of magnetic data (χT) of 4a between 2 and 300 K revealed a typical zero-field splitting of a S = 3/2 center with D = 77 cm(-1), while those of [4a]BF(4) are consistent with the presence of S = 3/2 (Ru(2)) and S = 1/2 (Fc(+)) centers that are weakly coupled (zJ = -0.76 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Chiarella GM, Cotton FA, Murillo CA, Young MD, Zhao Q. Large Changes in Electronic Structures of Ru26+ Species Caused by the Variations of the Bite Angle of Guanidinate Ligands: Tuning Magnetic Behavior. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:3051-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Chiarella
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - F. Albert Cotton
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Carlos A. Murillo
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Mark D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Qinliang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3012, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
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Añez E, Herrero S, Jiménez-Aparicio R, Priego JL, Torres MR, Urbanos FA. Controlling the electronic density of the [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CR)]+ core to obtain one-dimensional compounds. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kadish KM, Garcia R, Phan T, Wellhoff J, Van Caemelbecke E, Bear JL. Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Series of Mixed-Ligand Diruthenium Compounds. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11423-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8017369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Rachel Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Tuan Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Julien Wellhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Eric Van Caemelbecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - John L. Bear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
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Barral MC, Herrero S, Jiménez-Aparicio R, Priego JL, Torres MR, Urbanos FA. Activation of isocyanate ligands in complexes. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Nguyen M, Phan T, Caemelbecke EV, Kajonkijya W, Bear JL, Kadish KM. Interconversion between (3,1) and (4,0) Isomers of Ru2(L)4X Complexes where L is 2-Anilinopyridinate or 2-(2,4,6-Trifluoroanilino)pyridinate Anion and X = Cl− or C≡CC5H4N−. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7775-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800787p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Tuan Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Eric Van Caemelbecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Wiroaj Kajonkijya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - John L. Bear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
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Nguyen M, Phan T, Caemelbecke EV, Wei X, Bear JL, Kadish KM. Synthesis and Characterization of (3,1) Ru2(F3ap)4(NCS) and (3,1) Ru2(F3ap)3(F2Oap)(NCS) Where F3ap Is the 2-(2,4,6-Trifluoroanilino)pyridinate Anion. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:4392-400. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and
- Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Tuan Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and
- Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Eric Van Caemelbecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and
- Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and
- Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - John L. Bear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and
- Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, and
- Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074-3298
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Barral MC, Herrero S, Jiménez-Aparicio R, Torres MR, Urbanos FA. Carbonyl and nitrosyl diruthenium compounds: Crystal structure of [Ru2(O2CMe)(DPhF)3(CO)]BF4·CH2Cl2 and its isomorphous nitrosyl analogue. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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