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Zhao Q, Zhu J, Chen Y, Dong H, Zhou S, Yin Y, Cai Q, Chen S, Chen C, Wang L. Trapping and reversing neuromuscular blocking agent by anionic pillar[5]arenes: Understanding the structure-affinity-reversal effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133875. [PMID: 38457970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Selective relaxant binding agents (SRBA) have great potential in clinical surgeries for the precise reversal of neuromuscular blockades. Understanding the relationship between the structure-affinity-reversal effects of SRBA and neuromuscular blockade is crucial for the design of new SRBAs, which has rarely been explored. Seven anionic pillar[5]arenes (AP5As) with different aliphatic chains and anionic groups at both edges were designed. Their binding affinities to the neuromuscular blocking agent decamonium bromide (DMBr) were investigated using 1H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and theoretical calculations. The results indicate that the capture of DMBr by AP5As is primarily driven by electrostatic interactions, ion-dipole interactions and C-H‧‧‧π interactions. The optimal size matching between the carboxylate AP5As and DMBr was ∼0.80. The binding affinity increased with an increase in the charge quantity of AP5As. Further animal experiments indicated that the reversal efficiency increased with increasing binding affinity for carboxylate or phosphonate AP5As. However, phosphonate AP5As exhibited lower reversal efficiencies than carboxylate AP5As, despite having stronger affinities with DMBr. By understanding the structure-affinity-reversal relationships, this study provides valuable insights into the design of innovative SRBAs for reversing neuromuscular blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Hongqiang Dong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yongfei Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shigui Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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2
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Zhou S, Chen Y, Xu J, Yin Y, Yu J, Liu W, Chen S, Wang L. Supramolecular detoxification of nitrogen mustard via host-guest encapsulation by carboxylatopillar[5]arene. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2706-2713. [PMID: 36876404 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM), a kind of alkylating agent similar to sulfur mustard, remains a threat to public health. However, there is nearly no satisfactory antidote for nitrogen mustard. Herein, we developed a supramolecular antidote to nitrogen mustard through efficient complexation of NM by carboxylatopillar[5]arene potassium salts (CP[5]AK). The cavity of methoxy pillar[5]arene (P5A) is sufficient to encapsulate NM with an association constant of 1.27 × 102 M-1, which was investigated by 1H NMR titration, density functional theory studies and independent gradient model studies. NM degrades to the reactive aziridinium salt (2) in the aqueous phase which irreversibly alkylates DNA and proteins, causing severe tissue damage. Considering the size/charge matching with toxic intermediate 2, water-soluble CP[5]AK was selected to encapsulate the toxic aziridinium salt (2), resulting in a high association constant of 4.10 × 104 M-1. The results of protection experiments of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) by CP[5]AK indicated that the formation of a complex could effectively inhibit the alkylation of DNA. Besides, in vitro and in vivo experiments also indicated that the toxicity of the aziridinium salt (2) is inhibited with the formation of a stable host-guest complex, and CP[5]AK has a good therapeutic effect on the damage caused by NM. This study provides a new mechanism and strategy for the treatment of NM exposure-induced skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China.
| | - Shigui Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China.
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3
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Lin Y, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Dmochowski IJ. Counteranions at Peripheral Sites Tune Guest Affinity for a Protonated Hemicryptophane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5158-5165. [PMID: 35333529 PMCID: PMC9017572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of small molecules for biomolecular cavities is tuned through a combination of primary and secondary interactions. It has been challenging to mimic these features in organic synthetic host molecules, however, where the cavities tend to be highly symmetric and nonpolar, and less amenable to chemical manipulation. Here, a host molecule composed of a TREN ligand and cyclotriveratrylene moiety was investigated. Size-matched polar guests were encapsulated within the cavity via triple protonation of the TREN moiety with various sulfonic acids. X-ray crystallography confirmed guest encapsulation and identified three methanesulfonates, p-toluenesulfonates, or 2-naphthalenesulfonates hydrogen-bonded with H3TREN at the periphery of the cavity. These structurally diverse counteranions were shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy to differentially regulate guest access at the three portals, and to undergo competitive displacement in solution. This work reveals "counteranion tuning" to be a simple and powerful strategy for modulating host-guest affinity, as applied here in a TREN-hemicryptophane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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4
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Tan Y, Pan S, Zhang S, Fang L, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Jiang L. Crown‐Ether‐based Cryptands with Rarely Strong Affinities for Binding Neutral Organic Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Tan
- South China Normal University school of chemistry Higher Education Mega Center of GuangzhouGuangzhou 510631 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Shaowu Pan
- South China Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shilong Zhang
- South China Normal University school of chemistry CHINA
| | - Lin Fang
- South China Normal University Chemistry Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhou 510631 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Feichun Zhang
- South China Normal University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- South China Normal University Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Chemistry Department 番禺区大学城中山大学格致园1号楼4单元1102 510006 广州市 CHINA
| | - Lasheng Jiang
- South China Normal University School of Chemistry Guangzhou 510006, P. R. ChinaGuangzhou 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
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5
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Iseda K, Kokado K, Sada K. Direct Detection of the Ion Pair to Free Ions Transformation upon Complexation with an Ion Receptor in Non-Polar Solvents by using Conductometry. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:269-274. [PMID: 29610717 PMCID: PMC5878105 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed conductometry in various organic solvents to directly detect the transformation from tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) ion‐pair salt to the free ions through complexation with meso‐octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (CP), which is a well‐known receptor for chloride anions. In the presence of CP, the conductivity of TBACl increases in various non‐polar solvents, indicating that complexation with CP enhances the ionic dissociation of TBACl in such non‐polar solvents. In other words, CP recognizes chloride as an ion‐paired salt as well as a free anion in non‐polar solvents. Additionally, the TBA(CP–Cl) complex exhibited a considerably lower ion‐pairing constant (Kip) than TBACl in non‐polar solvents, resulting in enhanced conductivity. Based on these findings, we can conclude that complexation of an anion with a hydrophobic anion receptor will be useful for creating functional and stimuli‐responsive soft materials in organic solvents using coulombic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Iseda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Kita10 Nishi8, Kita-ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kenta Kokado
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Kita10 Nishi8, Kita-ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Kita10 Nishi8, Kita-ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
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6
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De Leener G, Over D, Smet C, Cornut D, Porras-Gutierrez AG, López I, Douziech B, Le Poul N, Topić F, Rissanen K, Le Mest Y, Jabin I, Reinaud O. "Two-Story" Calix[6]arene-Based Zinc and Copper Complexes: Structure, Properties, and O 2 Binding. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10971-10983. [PMID: 28853565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new "two-story" calix[6]arene-based ligand was synthesized, and its coordination chemistry was explored. It presents a tren cap connected to the calixarene small rim through three amido spacers. X-ray diffraction studies of its metal complexes revealed a six-coordinate ZnII complex with all of the carbonyl groups of the amido arms bound and a five-coordinate CuII complex with only one amido arm bound. These dicationic complexes were poorly responsive toward exogenous neutral donors, but the amido arms were readily displaced by small anions or deprotonated with a base to give the corresponding monocationic complexes. Cyclic voltammetry in various solvents showed a reversible wave for the CuII/CuI couple at very negative potentials, denoting an electron-rich environment. The reversibility of the system was attributed to the amido arms, which can coordinate the metal center in both its +II and +I redox states. The reversibility was lost upon anion binding to Cu. Upon exposure of the CuI complex to O2 at low temperature, a green species was obtained with a UV-vis signature typical of an end-on superoxide CuII complex. Such a species was proposed to be responsible for oxygen insertion reactions onto the ligand according to the unusual and selective four-electron oxidative pathway previously described with a "one-story" calix[6]tren ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël De Leener
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diana Over
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Coryse Smet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damien Cornut
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Isidoro López
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Bénédicte Douziech
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä , Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä , Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yves Le Mest
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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7
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Zhang D, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Emergence of Hemicryptophanes: From Synthesis to Applications for Recognition, Molecular Machines, and Supramolecular Catalysis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4900-4942. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46, Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46, Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46, Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
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8
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Brégier F, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Chambron JC. An Optically-Pure Hemicryptophane as NMR and ECD Responsive Probe for Chloroform. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- CRM2; UMR7036; CNRS; Univ. Lorraine; 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- CRM2; UMR7036; CNRS; Univ. Lorraine; 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
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9
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Schmitt A, Perraud O, Payet E, Chatelet B, Bousquet B, Valls M, Padula D, Di Bari L, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Improved hemicryptophane hosts for the stereoselective recognition of glucopyranosides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 12:4211-7. [PMID: 24838529 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four new enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure hemicryptophane hosts (M-SSS-2/P-SSS-2 and M-RRR-2/P-RRR-2 pairs) were designed for the recognition of sugar derivatives. Their absolute configuration was determined from the circular dichroism spectra and DFT calculations. The host molecules were then used for the stereoselective recognition of glucopyranosides. Binding constants were obtained from (1)H NMR titration experiments showing an increase of affinity for this class of receptors, associated with an improved diastereo- and enantio-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schmitt
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France.
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10
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Zahim S, Wickramasinghe LA, Evano G, Jabin I, Schrock RR, Müller P. Calix[6]azacryptand Ligand with a Sterically Protected Tren-Based Coordination Site for Metal Ions. Org Lett 2016; 18:1570-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zahim
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av.
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lasantha A. Wickramasinghe
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6-331, 77
Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av.
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av.
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6-331, 77
Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 6-331, 77
Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Lascaux A, Leener GD, Fusaro L, Topić F, Rissanen K, Luhmer M, Jabin I. Selective recognition of neutral guests in an aqueous medium by a biomimetic calix[6]cryptamide receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:738-746. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic calix[6]cryptamide decorated with oligo(ethylene glycol) units was synthesized. This compound behaves as a biomimetic receptor for neutral guests in an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Lascaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Gaël De Leener
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Unité de Chimie des Nanomatériaux (CNANO)
| | - Filip Topić
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla
- Department of Chemistry
- Finland
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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12
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Schmitt A, Collin S, Bucher C, Maurel V, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of the first water soluble Cu(ii)@hemicryptophane complex. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2157-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02085e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble metallo-enzyme model featuring a copper(ii) site encaged in a closed-shell cavity of a hemicryptophane has been synthesized and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schmitt
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- CNRS
- UCBL
- F-69364 Lyon
| | - Solène Collin
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- CNRS
- UCBL
- F-69364 Lyon
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- CNRS
- UCBL
- F-69364 Lyon
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques
- CEA-Grenoble/INAC/SCIB/LRM
- UMR-E 3 CEA-UJF
- Grenoble Cedex 09
- France
| | | | - Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- CNRS
- UCBL
- F-69364 Lyon
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13
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14
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Schmitt A, Robert V, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Synthesis of the First Water-Soluble Hemicryptophane Host: Selective Recognition of Choline in Aqueous Medium. Org Lett 2014; 16:2374-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500706z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schmitt
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46, Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46, Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, 46, Allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
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15
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Delahousse G, Peulon-Agasse V, Debray JC, Vaccaro M, Cravotto G, Jabin I, Cardinael P. The incorporation of calix[6]arene and cyclodextrin derivatives into sol–gels for the preparation of stationary phases for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:207-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Moerkerke S, Le Gac S, Topić F, Rissanen K, Jabin I. Selective Extraction and Efficient Binding in a Protic Solvent of Contact Ion Triplets by Using a Thiourea-Based Bis-Calix[6]arene Receptor. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Brégier F, Lavalle J, Chambron JC. Capping α-Cyclodextrin with Cyclotriveratrylene by Triple Disulfide-Bridge Formation. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Gao L, Dong S, Zheng B, Huang F. Synthesis of a Pillar[5]arene-Based Heteroditopic Host and Its Complexation withn-Octyltriethylammonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Bussolati R, Carrieri P, Secchi A, Arduini A, Credi A, Semeraro M, Venturi M, Silvi S, Velluto D, Zappacosta R, Fontana A. Hierarchical self-assembly of amphiphilic calix[6]arene wheels and viologen axles in water. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5944-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Brotin T, Guy L, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Enantiopure supramolecular cages: synthesis and chiral recognition properties. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 341:177-230. [PMID: 24173672 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure compounds are ubiquitous in the chemical sciences and present a particular interest in the field of molecular recognition and host-guest systems. Indeed, chiral molecular receptors are at the basis of numerous biological recognition processes and have important implications in biochemistry or pharmacology. Chemists have been investigating this field for several decades, which has led to the development of the synthesis of chiral hosts, their enantiomeric differentiation, and the studies of their recognition properties towards important and bio-relevant chiral guest substrates. The design of molecular cages is a rather difficult task that is even more demanding when enantiopure molecules are required. In this review we chose to present the main families of synthetic organic supramolecular cages that have been developed, whose structures contain stereogenic centers or present an inherent chirality, giving rise to chiral supramolecular cages. Particular attention is given to obtaining enantiopure compounds. Their recognition properties are also underlined. A last important aspect of the review is to present how chiroptical spectroscopies can be used to characterize the recognition phenomena displayed by supramolecular cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, ENS-Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
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21
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Ni XL, Jin CC, Jiang XK, Takimoto M, Rahman S, Zeng X, Hughes DL, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Tri-substituted hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene derivatives bearing imidazole units: synthesis and extraction properties for cations and chromate anions. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5435-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40601f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Perraud O, Tommasino JB, Robert V, Albela B, Khrouz L, Bonneviot L, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Hemicryptophane-assisted electron transfer: a structural and electronic study. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1530-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31530k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Martí I, Rubio J, Bolte M, Burguete MI, Vicent C, Quesada R, Alfonso I, Luis SV. Tuning Chloride Binding, Encapsulation, and Transport by Peripheral Substitution of Pseudopeptidic Tripodal Small Cages. Chemistry 2012; 18:16728-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Ni M, Guan Y, Wu L, Deng C, Hu X, Jiang J, Lin C, Wang L. Improved recognition of alkylammonium salts by ion pair recognition based on a novel heteroditopic pillar[5]arene receptor. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Makita Y, Ikeda K, Sugimoto K, Fujita T, Danno T, Bobuatong K, Ehara M, Fujiwara SI, Ogawa A. Enhancement of catalytic reactivity of zinc(II) complex by a cyclotriveratrylene-capped structure. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Soberats B, Martínez L, Sanna E, Sampedro A, Rotger C, Costa A. Janus-Like Squaramide-Based Hosts: Dual Mode of Binding and Conformational Transitions Driven by Ion-Pair Recognition. Chemistry 2012; 18:7533-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Chawla HM, Sahu SN, Shrivastava R, Kumar S. Calix[4]arene-based ditopic receptors for simultaneous recognition of fluoride and cobalt(II) ions. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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29
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30
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31
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McConnell AJ, Beer PD. Heteroditopic receptors for ion-pair recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5052-61. [PMID: 22419667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ion-pair recognition is a new field of research emerging from cation and anion coordination chemistry. Specific types of heteroditopic receptor designs for ion pairs and the complexity of ion-pair binding are discussed to illustrate key concepts such as cooperativity. The importance of this area of research is reflected by the wide variety of potential applications of ion-pair receptors, including applications as membrane transport and salt solubilization agents and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QR UK
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32
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Brégier F, Karuppannan S, Chambron JC. A Hybrid Cavitand Made by Capping Permethylated α-Cyclodextrin with Cyclotriveratrylene. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Perraud O, Lefevre S, Robert V, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Hemicryptophanehost as efficient primary alkylammonium ion receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1056-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Cristaldi DA, Fragalà I, Pappalardo A, Toscano RM, Ballistreri FP, Tomaselli GA, Gulino A. Sensing of linear alkylammonium ions by a 5-pyrenoylamido-calix[5]arene solution and monolayer using luminescence measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Alfonso M, Espinosa A, Tárraga A, Molina P. Multichannel HSO4− recognition promoted by a bound cation within a ferrocene-based ion pair receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6848-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Perraud O, Robert V, Gornitzka H, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Combined Cation-π and Anion-π Interactions for Zwitterion Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Perraud O, Robert V, Gornitzka H, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Combined Cation-π and Anion-π Interactions for Zwitterion Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:504-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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38
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Zeng X, Bornholdt C, Over D, Reinaud O. Synthesis of “Two-Story” Calix[6]aza-Cryptands. Org Lett 2011; 13:5660-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202380q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianshun Zeng
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Claudia Bornholdt
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Diana Over
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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39
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Ni XL, Rahman S, Zeng X, Hughes DL, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Novel ion-pair receptors based on hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6535-41. [PMID: 21833415 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05564j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel heteroditopic hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene triamide receptors capable of binding an anion and cation simultaneously in a cooperative fashion has been prepared. The lower rim functionalized cone-hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene derivatives cone-5a-5d bearing three amide groups were synthesized from cone-3 by a stepwise reaction. The crystal structures of 5c and 5d and (1)H NMR studies in nonpolar solvents strongly indicate that a number of interesting intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions exist in these receptors. The binding abilities of these compounds towards n-butylammonium chloride and bromide salts have been investigated using (1)H NMR titration experiments in CDCl(3) solvent. Owing to the 'flattened cone' conformations and intramolecular hydrogen bonding involving the amide NH and neighbouring O atoms in cone-5a-5d, the affinities toward n-Bu(4)NX (X = Cl(-) and Br(-)) were weakened. However, it should be noted that triamides cone-5a-5d show a single selectivity for halide anions in the presence of n-BuNH(3)(+) through intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the amide NH hydrogen atoms in the receptors in CDCl(3) solution. Association constants were calculated from the chemical shift changes of the amide protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Ni
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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40
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Lascaux A, Delahousse G, Ghostin J, Bouillon JP, Jabin I. Second Generation Calix[6]trenamides - Highly Selective Graftable Receptors for Neutral Guests and Contact Ion Pairs. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Bew SP, Sharma SV. Do Commercially Available Metal Salts Mediate Calixarene Formation via Hydrogen-Bonded Dimers? J Org Chem 2011; 76:7076-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200927v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Bew
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Sunil V. Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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42
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Chatelet B, Payet E, Perraud O, Dimitrov-Raytchev P, Chapellet LL, Dufaud V, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. Shorter and Modular Synthesis of Hemicryptophane-tren Derivatives. Org Lett 2011; 13:3706-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201355t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Chatelet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Elina Payet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Perraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Dimitrov-Raytchev
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Laure-Lise Chapellet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Dufaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
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43
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Perraud O, Robert V, Martinez A, Dutasta JP. The Cooperative Effect in Ion-Pair Recognition by a Ditopic Hemicryptophane Host. Chemistry 2011; 17:4177-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Le Gac S, Picron JF, Reinaud O, Jabin I. Allosterically driven self-assemblies of interlocked calix[6]arene receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2387-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Boccia A, Lanzilotto V, Zanoni R, Pescatori L, Arduini A, Secchi A. Surface grafting and reactivity of calixarene-based receptors and pseudorotaxanes on Si(100). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4444-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Helttunen K, Nauha E, Kurronen A, Shahgaldian P, Nissinen M. Conformational polymorphism and amphiphilic properties of resorcinarene octapodands. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:906-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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47
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48
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Cornut D, Marrot J, Wouters J, Jabin I. Acid–base modulation of a versatile heteroditopic calix[6]arene based receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6373-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Hua Y, Ramabhadran RO, Uduehi EO, Karty JA, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Aromatic and aliphatic CH hydrogen bonds fight for chloride while competing alongside ion pairing within triazolophanes. Chemistry 2010; 17:312-21. [PMID: 21207627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Triazolophanes are used as the venue to compete an aliphatic propylene CH hydrogen-bond donor against an aromatic phenylene one. Longer aliphatic C-H...Cl(-) hydrogen bonds were calculated from the location of the chloride within the propylene-based triazolophane. The gas-phase energetics of chloride binding (ΔG(bind) , ΔH(bind) , ΔS(bind) ) and the configurational entropy (ΔS(config) ) were computed by taking all low-energy conformations into account. Comparison between the phenylene- and propylene-based triazolophanes shows the computed gas-phase free energy of binding decreased from ΔG(bind) =-194 to -182 kJ mol(-1) , respectively, with a modest enthalpy-entropy compensation. These differences were investigated experimentally. An (1) H NMR spectroscopy study on the structure of the propylene triazolophane's 1:1 chloride complex is consistent with a weaker propylene CH hydrogen bond. To quantify the affinity differences between the two triazolophanes in dichloromethane, it was critical to obtain an accurate binding model. Four equilibria were identified. In addition to 1:1 complexation and 2:1 sandwich formation, ion pairing of the tetrabutylammonium chloride salt (TBA(+) ⋅Cl(-) ) and cation pairing of TBA(+) with the 1:1 triazolophane-chloride complex were observed and quantified. Each complex was independently verified by ESI-MS or diffusion NMR spectroscopy. With ion pairing deconvoluted from the chloride-receptor binding, equilibrium constants were determined by using (1) H NMR (500 μM) and UV/Vis (50 μM) spectroscopy titrations. The stabilities of the 1:1 complexes for the phenylene and propylene triazolophanes did not differ within experimental error, ΔG=(-38±2) and (-39±1) kJ mol(-1) , respectively, as verified by an NMR spectroscopy competition experiment. Thus, the aliphatic CH donor only revealed its weaker character when competing with aromatic CH donors within the propylene-based triazolophane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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50
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Abstract
Compared with simple ion receptors, which are able to bind either a cation or an anion, ion pair receptors bearing both a cation and an anion recognition site offer the promise of binding ion pairs or pairs of ions strongly as the result of direct or indirect cooperative interactions between co-bound ions. This critical review focuses on the recent progress in the design of ion pair receptors and summarizes the various binding modes that have been used to accommodate ion pairs (110 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station-A5300, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA; Fax: +1 512 471 7550; Tel: +1 512 471 5009
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station-A5300, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA; Fax: +1 512 471 7550; Tel: +1 512 471 5009
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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