1
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Roger C, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Lukzen NN, Steiner UE, Lambert C. The influence of hindered rotation on electron transfer and exchange interaction in triarylamine-triptycene-perylene diimide triads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4954-4967. [PMID: 38277181 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05785b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Stretched electron-donor-bridge-acceptor triads that exhibit intramolecular twisting degrees of freedom are capable of modulating exchange interaction (J) as well as electronic couplings through variable π-overlap at the linear bond links, affecting the rate constants of photoinduced charge separation and recombination. Here we present an in-depth investigation of such effects induced by methyl substituents leading to controlled steric hindrance of intramolecular twisting around biaryl axes. Starting from the parent structure, consisting of a triphenyl amine donor, a triptycene (TTC) bridge and a phenylene-perylene diimide acceptor (Me0), one of the two phenylene linkers attached to the TTC was ortho-substituted by two methyl groups (Me2, Me3), or both such phenylene linkers by two pairs of methyl groups (Me23). Photoinduced charge separation (kCS) leading to a charge-separated (CS) state was studied by fs-laser spectroscopy, charge recombination to either singlet ground state (kS) or to the first excited local triplet state of the acceptor (kT) by ns-laser spectroscopy, whereby kinetic magnetic field effects in an external magnetic field were recorded and analysed using quantum dynamic simulations of the spin dependent kinetics of the CS state. Kinetic spectra of the initial first order rate constants of charge recombination (k(B)) exhibited characteristic J-resonances progressing to lower fields in the series Me0, Me2, Me3, Me23. From the quantum simulations, the values of the parameters J, kS, kT and kSTD, the singlet/triplet dephasing constant, were obtained. They were analysed in terms of molecular dynamics simulations of the intramolecular twisting dynamics based on potentials calculated by density functional theory. Apart from kT, all of the parameters exhibit a clear correlation with the averaged cosine square products of the biaryl angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Roger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Nikita N Lukzen
- International Tomography Center, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ulrich E Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Gangemi CMA, Castriciano MA, D'Agostino E, Romeo A, Bonaccorsi PM, Barattucci A, Monsù Scolaro L. Rod-like nanostructures through amphiphilic OPE-porphyrin self-organization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8079-8083. [PMID: 37753842 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A new amphiphilic monosubstituted porphyrin functionalized by a β-D-glucoside terminated oligophenylenethylene (OPE) able to self-arrange into nano-aggregates in polar solvents has been synthesized and fully characterized in its monomeric and aggregated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M A Gangemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria A Castriciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ester D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Paola M Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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3
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Bozdemir ÖA, Gultekin DD, Harriman A. Triplet Distribution in a Symmetrical Zinc(II) Porphyrin–BODIPY Pentameric Array. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10736-10747. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Altan Bozdemir
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, SNES-Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Demet Demirci Gultekin
- Askale Vocational College, Department of Metallurgical Program, Ataturk University, 25500, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, SNES-Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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4
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Küçüköz B, Adinarayana B, Osuka A, Albinsson B. Electron transfer reactions in sub-porphyrin-naphthyldiimide dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16477-16485. [PMID: 31321401 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of donor-acceptor compounds based on a sub-porphyrin (SubP) as an electron donor and naphthyldiimide (NDI) as an acceptor has been designed, synthesized and investigated by time-resolved emission and transient absorption measurements. The donor and acceptor are separated by a single phenyl spacer substituted by methyl groups in order to systematically vary the electronic coupling. The electron transfer reactions in toluene are found to be quite fast; charge separation is quantitative and occurs within 5-10 ps and charge recombination occurs in 1-10 ns, depending on the substitution pattern. As expected, when steric bulk is introduced on the adjoining phenyl group, electron transfer rates slow down because of smaller electronic coupling. Quantum mechanical modelling of the potential energy for twisting the dihedral angles combined with a simplified model of the electronic coupling semi-quantitatively explains the observed variation of the electron transfer rates. Investigating the temperature variation of the charge separation in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) and analyzing using the Marcus model allow experimental estimation of the electronic coupling and reorganization energies. At low temperature, relatively strong phosphorescence is observed from the donor-acceptor compounds with onset at 660 nm signaling that charge recombination occurs, at least partially, through the sub-porphyrin localized triplet excited state. Finally, it is noted that charge separation in all SubP-NDI dyads is efficient even at cryogenic temperatures (85 K) in 2-MTHF glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Küçüköz
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - B Adinarayana
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Bo Albinsson
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Huang GJ, Harris MA, Krzyaniak MD, Margulies EA, Dyar SM, Lindquist RJ, Wu Y, Roznyatovskiy VV, Wu YL, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Photoinduced Charge and Energy Transfer within meta- and para-Linked Chlorophyll a-Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) Donor–Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:756-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jhih Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michelle A. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Eric A. Margulies
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Roznyatovskiy
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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6
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Gilbert M, Albinsson B. Photoinduced charge and energy transfer in molecular wires. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:845-62. [PMID: 25212903 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exploring charge and energy transport in donor-bridge-acceptor systems is an important research field which is essential for the fundamental knowledge necessary to develop future applications. These studies help creating valuable knowledge to respond to today's challenges to develop functionalized molecular systems for artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics or molecular scale electronics. This tutorial review focuses on photo-induced charge/energy transfer in covalently linked donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems. Of utmost importance in such systems is to understand how to control signal transmission, i.e. how fast electrons or excitation energy could be transferred between the donor and acceptor and the role played by the bridge (the "molecular wire"). After a brief description of the electron and energy transfer theory, we aim to give a simple yet accurate picture of the complex role played by the bridge to sustain donor-acceptor electronic communication. Special emphasis is put on understanding bridge energetics and conformational dynamics effects on the distance dependence of the donor-acceptor electronic coupling and transfer rates. Several examples of donor-bridge-acceptor systems from the literature are described as a support to the discussion. Finally, porphyrin-based molecular wires are introduced, and the relationship between their electronic structure and photophysical properties is outlined. In strongly conjugated porphyrin systems, limitations of the existing electron transfer theory to interpret the distance dependence of the transfer rates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Gilbert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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7
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Gilbert Gatty M, Kahnt A, Esdaile LJ, Hutin M, Anderson HL, Albinsson B. Hopping versus Tunneling Mechanism for Long-Range Electron Transfer in Porphyrin Oligomer Bridged Donor–Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7598-611. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Gilbert Gatty
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Louisa J. Esdaile
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Hutin
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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8
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Bingöl B, Durrell AC, Keller GE, Palmer JH, Grubbs RH, Gray HB. Electron transfer triggered by optical excitation of phenothiazine-tris(meta-phenylene-ethynylene)-(tricarbonyl)(bpy)(py)rhenium(I). J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4177-82. [PMID: 22533820 DOI: 10.1021/jp3010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated excited-state electron transfer in a donor-bridge-acceptor complex containing phenothiazine (PTZ) linked via tris(meta-phenylene-ethynylene) to a tricarbonyl(bipyridine)(pyridine)Re(I) unit. Time-resolved luminescence experiments reveal two excited-state (*Re) decay regimes, a multiexponential component with a mean lifetime of 2.7 ns and a longer monoexponential component of 530 ns in dichloromethane solution. The faster decay is attributed to PTZ → *Re electron transfer in a C-shaped PTZ-bridge-Re conformer (PTZ-Re ≈ 7.5 Å). We assign the longer lifetime, which is virtually identical to that of free *Re, to an extended conformer (PTZ-Re > 20 Å). The observed biexponential *Re decay requires that interconversion of PTZ-bridge-Re conformers be slower than 10(6) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Bingöl
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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9
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Ricks AB, Brown KE, Wenninger M, Karlen SD, Berlin YA, Co DT, Wasielewski MR. Exponential distance dependence of photoinitiated stepwise electron transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules: implications for wirelike behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4581-8. [PMID: 22335614 DOI: 10.1021/ja205913q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems in which a 3,5-dimethyl-4-(9-anthracenyl)julolidine (DMJ-An) chromophore and a naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) (NI) acceptor are linked by oligomeric 2,7-fluorenone (FN(n)) bridges (n = 1-3) have been synthesized. Selective photoexcitation of DMJ-An quantitatively produces DMJ(+•)-An(-•), and An(-•) acts as a high-potential electron donor. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and mid-IR regions showed that electron transfer occurs quantitatively in the sequence: DMJ(+•)-An(-•)-FN(n)-NI → DMJ(+•)-An-FN(n)(-•)-NI → DMJ(+•)-An-FN(n)-NI(-•). The charge-shift reaction from An(-•) to NI(-•) exhibits an exponential distance dependence in the nonpolar solvent toluene with an attenuation factor (β) of 0.34 Å(-1), which would normally be attributed to electron tunneling by the superexchange mechanism. However, the FN(n)(-•) radical anion was directly observed spectroscopically as an intermediate in the charge-separation mechanism, thereby demonstrating conclusively that the overall charge separation involves the incoherent hopping (stepwise) mechanism. Kinetic modeling of the data showed that the observed exponential distance dependence is largely due to electron injection onto the first FN unit followed by charge hopping between the FN units of the bridge biased by the distance-dependent electrostatic attraction of the two charges in D(+•)-B(-•)-A. This work shows that wirelike behavior does not necessarily result from building a stepwise, energetically downhill redox gradient into a D-B-A molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Butler Ricks
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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10
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Nguyen DD, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Andersen SH, Thulstrup PW, Spanget-Larsen J. Electronic states of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene: A synchrotron radiation linear dichroism investigation. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Walther ME, Wenger OS. Hole Tunneling and Hopping in a Ru(bpy)32+-Phenothiazine Dyad with a Bridge Derived from oligo-p-Phenylene. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10901-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201446x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu E. Walther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Nakayama H, Kimura S. Suppression of HOMO–LUMO Transition in a Twist Form of Oligo(phenyleneethynylene) Clamped by a Right-Handed Helical Peptide. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8960-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200997c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Nakayama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Phenylene oligomers represent a borderline case between very strongly π-conjugated molecular wires such as oligo-p-phenylene vinylenes and saturated molecular bridges. Even subtle chemical modifications of phenylene oligomers can therefore have a strong impact on charge transfer rates and mechanisms. On the basis of recently published selected case studies, this tutorial review discusses the key factors that affect charge transfer kinetics in phenylene oligomers with particular focus on the role of donor-bridge energy matching. Selected examples of triplet-triplet energy transfer reactions across phenylene oligomers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Wenger
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Scott AM, Wasielewski MR. Temperature Dependence of Spin-Selective Charge Transfer Pathways in Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Molecules with Oligomeric Fluorenone and p-Phenylethynylene Bridges. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3005-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1095649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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15
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Olaya-Castro A, Scholes GD. Energy transfer from Förster–Dexter theory to quantum coherent light-harvesting. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2010.537060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Hanss D, Walther ME, Wenger OS. Importance of covalence, conformational effects and tunneling-barrier heights for long-range electron transfer: Insights from dyads with oligo-p-phenylene, oligo-p-xylene and oligo-p-dimethoxybenzene bridges. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Wallrapp FH, Voityuk AA, Guallar V. Temperature Effects on Donor−Acceptor Couplings in Peptides. A Combined Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:3241-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100363e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank H. Wallrapp
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Nexus II Building, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Computational Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Nexus II Building, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Computational Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Nexus II Building, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Computational Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Walther ME, Grilj J, Hanss D, Vauthey E, Wenger OS. Photoinduced Processes in Fluorene-Bridged Rhenium-Phenothiazine Dyads - Comparison of Electron Transfer Across Fluorene, Phenylene, and Xylene Bridges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Meylemans HA, Hewitt JT, Abdelhaq M, Vallett PJ, Damrauer NH. Exploiting Conformational Dynamics To Facilitate Formation and Trapping of Electron-Transfer Photoproducts in Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11464-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1055559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Meylemans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Joshua T. Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Mirvat Abdelhaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Paul J. Vallett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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20
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Albinsson B, Mårtensson J. Excitation energy transfer in donor–bridge–acceptor systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7338-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c003805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Hanss D, Wenger OS. Conformational Effects on Long-Range Electron Transfer: Comparison of Oligo-p-phenylene and Oligo-p-xylene Bridges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Harriman A, Mallon LJ, Elliot KJ, Haefele A, Ulrich G, Ziessel R. Length Dependence for Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Three- and Four-Color Donor−Spacer−Acceptor Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13375-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9038856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Laura J. Mallon
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Kristopher J. Elliot
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Alexandre Haefele
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, and Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées (LCOSA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Beljonne D, Curutchet C, Scholes GD, Silbey RJ. Beyond Förster resonance energy transfer in biological and nanoscale systems. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6583-99. [PMID: 19331333 DOI: 10.1021/jp900708f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After photoexcitation, energy absorbed by a molecule can be transferred efficiently over a distance of up to several tens of angstroms to another molecule by the process of resonance energy transfer, RET (also commonly known as electronic energy transfer, EET). Examples of where RET is observed include natural and artificial antennae for the capture and energy conversion of light, amplification of fluorescence-based sensors, optimization of organic light-emitting diodes, and the measurement of structure in biological systems (FRET). Forster theory has proven to be very successful at estimating the rate of RET in many donor-acceptor systems, but it has also been of interest to discover when this theory does not work. By identifying these cases, researchers have been able to obtain, sometimes surprising, insights into excited-state dynamics in complex systems. In this article, we consider various ways that electronic energy transfer is promoted by mechanisms beyond those explicitly considered in Forster RET theory. First, we recount the important situations when the electronic coupling is not accurately calculated by the dipole-dipole approximation. Second, we examine the related problem of how to describe solvent screening when the dipole approximation fails. Third, there are situations where we need to be careful about the separability of electronic coupling and spectral overlap factors. For example, when the donors and/or acceptors are molecular aggregates rather than individual molecules, then RET occurs between molecular exciton states and we must invoke generalized Forster theory (GFT). In even more complicated cases, involving the intermediate regime of electronic energy transfer, we should consider carefully nonequilibrium processes and coherences and how bath modes can be shared. Lastly, we discuss how information is obscured by various forms of energetic disorder in ensemble measurements and we outline how single molecule experiments continue to be important in these instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Research on Molecular Electronics and Photonics, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons Belgium
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Walther ME, Wenger OS. Tuning the Rates of Long-Range Charge Transfer across Phenylene Wires. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1203-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lembo A, Tagliatesta P, Guldi DM, Wielopolski M, Nuccetelli M. Porphyrin−β-Oligo-Ethynylenephenylene−[60]Fullerene Triads: Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Characterization of the New Porphyrin−Oligo-PPE−[60]Fullerene Systems. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1779-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mateusz Wielopolski
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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26
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Eng MP, Albinsson B. The dependence of the electronic coupling on energy gap and bridge conformation – Towards prediction of the distance dependence of electron transfer reactions. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Zhao Y, Liang W. Non-Condon nature of fluctuating bridges on nonadiabatic electron transfer: Analytical interpretation. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:034111. [PMID: 19173514 DOI: 10.1063/1.3063095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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