1
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Liu Y, Xu L, Rao Y, Kim J, Yin B, Zhou M, Oh J, Kim D, Song J, Osuka A. Stable Antiaromatic [24]Hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) and Its Metal Complexes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8121-8126. [PMID: 37930089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
5,10,23-Trimesityl-substituted [24]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) was synthesized as a stable antiaromatic molecule by base-catalyzed twofold SNAr reaction and was reduced to the corresponding [26]hexaphyrin, which was an unstable aromatic molecule because it easily oxidized to the [24]hexaphyrin. The [24]hexaphyrin served as a ligand to give the bis-PdII complex and tris-RhI complex with unique structures. The former complex has two square-planar-coordinated PdII ions bridged by an acetate anion and shows a strong paratropic ring current, while the latter complex has three RhI ions coordinated with two pyrrolic nitrogen atoms and two carbonyl groups, but one carbonyl group is shared with two RhI ions in a unique manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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2
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Yao C, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Ferrand Y. Self-assembling figure-of-eight and pseudoplectoneme aromatic oligoamide ribbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5789-5792. [PMID: 35466334 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01696f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two oligoamide macrocycles composed of eight and twelve 7-amino-8-fluoro-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid monomers were synthesised despite the propensity of their acyclic precursors to fold and self-assemble into double helices. Macrocyclisations were made possible through the transient use of helicity disruptors. The resulting macrocyclic ribbons were found to adopt figure-of-eight and pseudoplectoneme shapes that maintain an ability to self-assemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Yao
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN UMR 5248, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie (UMS3033/US001), 2 rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence e-conversion, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN UMR 5248, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France.
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3
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Li C, Huang Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Su R, Chen M, Zhou L, Wu D, Gao G, You J. Synthesis of Imidazole-Based [30]Heptaphyrin and Stable Figure-Eight [60]Tetradecaphyrins via [5 + 2] Condensations in One Pot. Org Lett 2021; 23:3746-3750. [PMID: 33884872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Derived from a Pd-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reaction, two giant imidazole-based [60]tetradecaphyrins adopting stable figure-eight geometry together with one [30]heptaphyrin are obtained by [5 + 2] MacDonald condensations in one pot. The directional imidazole is believed to play a vital role for the diverse cyclization and conformation stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.,Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Wenbo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Rongchuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Linsen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Institute of Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou, Sichuan 621908, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
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4
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Kim T, Duan Z, Talukdar S, Lei C, Kim D, Sessler JL, Sarma T. Excitonically Coupled Cyclic BF
2
Arrays of Calix[8]‐ and Calix[16]phyrin as Near‐IR‐Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Department of Physics College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
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5
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Excitonically Coupled Cyclic BF
2
Arrays of Calix[8]‐ and Calix[16]phyrin as Near‐IR‐Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13063-13070. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Izawa M, Suito T, Ishida SI, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Mori T, Osuka A. Figure-eight Octaphyrin Bis-Ge(IV) Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Aromaticity, and Chiroptical Properties. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1440-1448. [PMID: 32119191 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly twisted structures of expanded porphyrin provide a prominent basis to unravel the relationship between aromaticity and chirality. Here we report the synthesis of bis-Ge(IV) complexes of [38]octaphyrin that display rigid figure-eight structures. Two bis-Ge(IV) [38]octaphyrin isomers with respect to the stereochemistry of the axial hydroxy groups on the germanium ions were obtained and found to be aromatic. Upon oxidation with MnO2 , these [38]octaphyrin complexes were converted to a single syn-type isomer of [36]octaphyrin with retained figure-eight conformation. The enantiomers have been successfully separated by HPLC equipped with a chiral stationary phase. While aromatic [38]octaphyrin Ge(IV) complexes showed quite large molar circular dichroism of up to Δϵ=1500 M-1 cm-1 with a dissymmetry factor gabs of 0.035, weakly antiaromatic [36]octaphyrin Ge(IV) complexes underscored moderate values; Δϵ=540 M-1 cm-1 with gabs of 0.023. Thus, the figure-eight octaphyrin scaffold has been proved to be an attractive platform for novel chiroptical materials with tunable aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondo Izawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taisuke Suito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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7
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8
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Ghosh A, Dash S, Srinivasan A, Suresh CH, Peruncheralathan S, Chandrashekar TK. Core-modified 48π and 42π decaphyrins: syntheses, properties and structures. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protonation triggered transition of a 48π nonaromatic decaphyrin to a 48π Hückel antiaromatic decaphyrin is reported: the flexibility of the macrocycle due to the presence of twelve meso carbon bridges facilitates such a transition through conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Syamasrit Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - C. H. Suresh
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry section
- Chemical Science and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Trivandrum – 695019
- India
| | - S. Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Tavarekere K. Chandrashekar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
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9
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Anguera G, Cha WY, Moore MD, Lee J, Guo S, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Hexadecaphyrin-(1.0.0.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.1): A Dual Site Ligand That Supports Thermal Conformational Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4028-4034. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Anguera
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Juhoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Shenyi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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10
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Anguera G, Brewster JT, Sánchez-García D, Sessler JL. Functionalized 2,2'-Bipyrroles: Building Blocks for Pyrrolic Macrocycles. MACROHETEROCYCLES 2018; 11:227-245. [PMID: 31763627 PMCID: PMC6874110 DOI: 10.6060/mhc180483s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized N-unsubstituted 2,2'-bipyrroles are basic building blocks for the preparation of pyrrolic macrocycles and natural products, such as prodigiosines. The aim of this review is to provide a description of the most important methodologies used to prepare 2,2'-bipyrroles and their central role as building blocks for the synthesis of porphyrinoids and property-defining structural elements therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Anguera
- Department of Chemistry the University of Texas at Austin, A5300 Austin, 78712-1224 Texas, United States
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEM4T), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry the University of Texas at Austin, A5300 Austin, 78712-1224 Texas, United States
| | - David Sánchez-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEM4T), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry the University of Texas at Austin, A5300 Austin, 78712-1224 Texas, United States
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11
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Seyitdanlioglu P, Altundal G, Cinar S, Unaleroglu C. Selective synthesis of 5-aryl-10-(nitromethyl) substituted 15-azatripyrrane, 15-oxatripyrrane and 15-thiatripyrrane: access to nitromethyl functionalized A 3B-porphyrins. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemical strategy toward the selective synthesis of unsymmetrical tripyrranes was developed for the building of meso-aryl and -nitromethyl substituted A3B porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seda Cinar
- Hacettepe University
- Department of Chemistry
- Beytepe 06800
- Turkey
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12
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Ishida M, Furuyama T, Lim JM, Lee S, Zhang Z, Ghosh SK, Lynch VM, Lee C, Kobayashi N, Kim D, Sessler JL. Structural, Photophysical, and Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of Three Rigidified
meso
‐Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Hexaphyrin Analogues. Chemistry 2017; 23:6682-6692. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
- Institute for Supramolecular and Catalytic Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Sudip K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Techno India University, EM/4, Sector-V, Salt Lake Kolkata 700091 West Bengal India
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Chang‐Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chun-Cheon 24341 Korea
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Tokida Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
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13
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Di Pietro P, Kerridge A. Ligand size dependence of U–N and U–O bond character in a series of uranyl hexaphyrin complexes: quantum chemical simulation and density based analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7546-7559. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quantum chemical and density based analysis of bonding in uranyl hexaphyrin complexes, looking for trends in stability and covalency.
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14
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Yoshida T, Sakamaki D, Seki S, Shinokubo H. Enhancing the low-energy absorption band and charge mobility of antiaromatic NiII norcorroles by their substituent effects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1112-1115. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dissymmetrical substitution of norcorrole enables the preparation of various norcorrole derivatives as air- and moisture-stable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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15
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Shimizu S. Creation of Novel Functional Molecules Based on Structural Modification of Phthalocyanine. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soji Shimizu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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16
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Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Abstract
A large number of porphyrinoids containing 2,2'-bipyrrole subunits have appeared since they were originally found as a component of sapphyrin and corrole, and it was found that the bipyrrole subunit endowed macrocycles with specific geometric features and electronic properties. Synthetic methods for bipyrrole-containing precursors for porphyrinoid are summarized in this review; these include coupling reactions of pyrrole rings, pyrrole ring-forming reactions leading directly to bipyrrole units, and synthetic reactions for oligopyrrolic compounds. Some hybrid oligopyrroles having nonpyrrole (hetero)aromatic ring(s) are also included. This review also describes porphyrinoids composed of bipyrrole subunits. Interesting electronic properties derived from strong cyclo-π-conjugation are highlighted in the bipyrrole-based porphyrinoids with or without meso-like carbons. Anion-binding chemistry is one of the main topics for bipyrrole-based macrocycles with less efficient or deficient cyclo-π-conjugation, such as those linked with electronically localized aromatic ring(s), with sp3 carbon(s), and with amido or imine connection(s). The principal concern in this review is porphyrinoids of relatively large ring size, composed of more than five units of pyrroles and (hetero)aromatic substitutes in total, and so bipyrrole-based porphyrinoids up to five pyrrolic units, such as corroles, porphycenes, sapphyrins, and smaragdyrin, will not be covered here except for some special cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Setsune
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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18
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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19
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Yoneda T, Soya T, Neya S, Osuka A. [62]Tetradecaphyrin and Its Mono- and Bis-ZnII
Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14518-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University, Chuoh-Inohana; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Takanori Soya
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Saburo Neya
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University, Chuoh-Inohana; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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20
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Yamaji A, Tsurugi H, Miyake Y, Mashima K, Shinokubo H. Chemo- and Regioselective Reduction of 5,15-Diazaporphyrins Providing Antiaromatic Azaporphyrinoids. Chemistry 2016; 22:3956-61. [PMID: 26762221 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reagent-controlled chemo- and regioselective reduction of 5,15-diazaporphyrins has been developed. The selective reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds of diazaporphyrins provides 18 π aromatic isobacteriochlorin-type products, whereas the reduction of carbon-nitrogen double bonds leads to selective formation of 20 π N,N'-dihydrodiazaporphyrins in excellent yields. The distinct antiaromatic character of N,N'-dihydrodiazaporphyrins has been revealed. The free-base N,N'-dihydrodiazaporphyrin exhibits slower inner NH tautomerism than that in the corresponding 18 π porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yamaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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21
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Zhang K, Savage M, Li X, Jiang Y, Ishida M, Mitsuno K, Karasawa S, Kato T, Zhu W, Yang S, Furuta H, Xie Y. Rational syntheses of helical π-conjugated oligopyrrins with a bipyrrole linkage: geometry control of bis-copper(ii) coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5148-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rational syntheses of long-chain helical π-conjugated oligopyrrins and their bis-copper complexes afford systematically modulated optical and magnetic properties.
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22
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Nozawa R, Yamamoto K, Hisaki I, Shin JY, Shinokubo H. NiII tetrahydronorcorroles: antiaromatic porphyrinoids with saturated pyrrole units. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7106-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While hydrogenated porphyrins are abundant in natural and synthetic compounds, antiaromatic hydrogenated porphyrinoids have not been synthesized to date. Here, we report bacteriochlorin-like NiII tetrahydronorcorrole complexes as the first examples of antiaromatic porphyrinoids that contain saturated pyrrole units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Department of Material and Life Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
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23
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Setsune JI, Toda M, Yoshida T, Imamura K, Watanabe K. The Synthesis and Dynamic Structures of Multinuclear Complexes of Large Porphyrinoids Expanded by Phenylene and Thienylene Spacers. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Soya T, Osuka A. Group 9 Metal Complexes ofmeso-Aryl-Substituted Rubyrin. Chemistry 2015; 21:10639-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Soya T, Kim W, Kim D, Osuka A. Stable [48]-, [50]-, and [52]Dodecaphyrins(1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.1.1.0): The Largest Hückel Aromatic Molecules. Chemistry 2015; 21:8341-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Yoneda T, Sung YM, Lim JM, Kim D, Osuka A. PdIIComplexes of [44]- and [46]Decaphyrins: The Largest Hückel Aromatic and Antiaromatic, and Möbius Aromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13169-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Yoneda T, Sung YM, Lim JM, Kim D, Osuka A. PdIIComplexes of [44]- and [46]Decaphyrins: The Largest Hückel Aromatic and Antiaromatic, and Möbius Aromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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29
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Ito T, Hayashi Y, Shimizu S, Shin J, Kobayashi N, Shinokubo H. Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Nickel(II) Norcorrole: The Smallest Antiaromatic Porphyrinoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464‐8603 (Japan)
| | - Yosuke Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464‐8603 (Japan)
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578 (Japan)
| | - Ji‐Young Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464‐8603 (Japan)
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578 (Japan)
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi, 464‐8603 (Japan)
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30
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Ito T, Hayashi Y, Shimizu S, Shin JY, Kobayashi N, Shinokubo H. Gram-scale synthesis of nickel(II) norcorrole: the smallest antiaromatic porphyrinoid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8542-5. [PMID: 22811074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Small is beautiful: A ring-contracted sister of porphyrin, norcorrole, has been synthesized efficiently as a stable molecule by a nickel-templated strategy. The norcorrole complex is stable but exhibits a distinct antiaromatic character according to the Hückel rule. Oxidation of the norcorrole complex provides an aromatic oxacorrole complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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31
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Heteroporphyrins. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396531-8.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Stępień M, Sprutta N, Latos-Grażyński L. Figure-Eight-Strukturen, Möbius-Bänder und mehr: Konformation und Aromatizität von Porphyrinoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Stępień M, Sprutta N, Latos-Grażyński L. Figure Eights, Möbius Bands, and More: Conformation and Aromaticity of Porphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4288-340. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Expandierte Porphyrine: überraschende Strukturen, elektronische Eigenschaften und Reaktivitäten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Saito S, Osuka A. Expanded Porphyrins: Intriguing Structures, Electronic Properties, and Reactivities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4342-73. [PMID: 21491551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
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36
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Shetti VS, Ravikanth M. Supramolecular Tetrads Containing Sn(IV) Porphyrin, Ru(II) Porphyrin, and Expanded Porphyrins Assembled Using Complementary Metal−Ligand Interactions. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1713-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra S. Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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37
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Takai A, Habermeyer B, Fukuzumi S. Facile formation of a meso–meso linked porphyrin dimer catalyzed by a manganese(iv)–oxo porphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6804-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Kee SY, Lim JM, Kim SJ, Yoo J, Park JS, Sarma T, Lynch VM, Panda PK, Sessler JL, Kim D, Lee CH. Conformational and spectroscopic properties of π-extended, bipyrrole-fused rubyrin and sapphyrin derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6813-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Higashino T, Inoue M, Osuka A. Singly N-Fused Möbius Aromatic [28]Hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1). J Org Chem 2010; 75:7958-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1018156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Tanaka Y, Shinokubo H, Yoshimura Y, Osuka A. Metathesis-like Splitting Reactions of Metallated [36]Octaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1): Experimental and Computational Investigations. Chemistry 2009; 15:5674-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Gregoliński J, Starynowicz P, Hua KT, Lunkley JL, Muller G, Lisowski J. Helical lanthanide(III) complexes with chiral nonaaza macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:17761-73. [PMID: 19053412 PMCID: PMC2680476 DOI: 10.1021/ja805033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chiral nonaazamacrocyclic amine L, which is a reduction product of the 3 + 3 Schiff base macrocycle, wraps around the lanthanide(III) ions to form enantiopure helical complexes. These Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Er(III), Yb(III) and Lu(III) complexes have been isolated in enantiopure form and have been characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-ray crystal structures of the Ln(III) complexes with L show that the thermodynamic product of the complexation of the RRRRRR-isomer of the macrocycle is the (M)-helical complex in the case of Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III) and Eu(III). In contrast, the (P)-helical complex is the thermodynamic product in the case of Yb(III) and Lu(III). The NMR and CD spectra show that the (M)-helicity for the kinetic complexation product of the RRRRRR-isomer of the macrocycle is preferred for all investigated lanthanide(III) ions, while the preferred helicity of the thermodynamic product is (M) for the early lanthanide(III) ions and (P) for the late lanthanide(III) ions. In the case of the late lanthanide(III) ions, a slow inversion of helicity between the kinetic (M)-helical product and the thermodynamic (P)-helical product is observed in solution. For Er(III), Yb(III) and Lu(III) both forms have been isolated in pure form and characterized by NMR and CD. The analysis of 2D NMR spectra of the Lu(III) complex reveals the NOE correlations that prove that the helical structure is retained in solution. The NMR spectra also reveal large isotopic effect on the 1H NMR shifts of paramagnetic Ln(III) complexes, related to NH/ND exchange. Photophysical measurements show that L(RRRRRR) appears to favor an efficient 3pipi*-to-Ln energy transfer process taking place for Eu(III) and Tb(III), but these Eu(III)- and Tb(III)-containing complexes with L(RRRRRR) lead to small luminescent quantum yields due to an incomplete intersystem crossing (isc) transfer, a weak efficiency of the luminescence sensitization by the ligand, and/or efficient nonradiative deactivation processes. Circularly polarized luminescence on the MeOH solutions of Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes confirms the presence of stable chiral emitting species and the observation of almost perfect mirror-image CPL spectra for these compounds with both enantiomeric forms of L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Gregoliński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland. Fax: 48 71 3282348; Tel: 48 71 3757252
| | - Przemysław Starynowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland. Fax: 48 71 3282348; Tel: 48 71 3757252
| | - KimNgan T. Hua
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA. Fax: 408-924-4945, Tel: 408-924-4973
| | - Jamie L. Lunkley
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA. Fax: 408-924-4945, Tel: 408-924-4973
| | - Gilles Muller
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA. Fax: 408-924-4945, Tel: 408-924-4973
| | - Jerzy Lisowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland. Fax: 48 71 3282348; Tel: 48 71 3757252
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42
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Bröring M, Brégier F, Krüger R, Kleeberg C. Functional Porphyrinoids from a Biomimetically Decorated Bipyrrole. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Bröring M, Köhler S, Kleeberg C. Norcorrole: Observation of the Smallest Porphyrin Variant with a N4
Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5658-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Bröring M, Köhler S, Kleeberg C. Norcorrol: die kleinste Porphyrin-Strukturvariante mit N4
-Kern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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