1
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Guo M, Wu X, Wu H, Sun X. Ligand effect on Ru-centered species toward methane activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14329-14335. [PMID: 38695750 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ligands have been known to profoundly affect the chemical transformations of methane, yet significant challenges remain in shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the conversion of methane can be regulated by Ru centered cations with a series of ligands (C, CH, CNH, CHCNH). Gas-phase experiments complemented by theoretical dynamic analysis were performed to explore the essences and principles governing the ligand effect. In contrast to the inert Ru+, [RuC]+, and [RuCNH]+ toward CH4, the dehydrogenation dominates the reaction of ligand-regulated systems [RuCH]+/CH4 and [RuCHCNH]+/CH4. In active cases, CH acts as active sites, and regulates the activation of CH4 assisted by the "seemingly inert" CNH ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Hechen Wu
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
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2
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Perutz RN, Sabo‐Etienne S, Weller AS. Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ‐Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ‐CAM Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylviane Sabo‐Etienne
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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3
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Perutz RN, Sabo-Etienne S, Weller AS. Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ-Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ-CAM Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111462. [PMID: 34694734 PMCID: PMC9299125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2007 two of us defined the σ‐Complex Assisted Metathesis mechanism (Perutz and Sabo‐Etienne, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2578–2592), that is, the σ‐CAM concept. This new approach to reaction mechanisms brought together metathesis reactions involving the formation of a variety of metal–element bonds through partner‐interchange of σ‐bond complexes. The key concept that defines a σ‐CAM process is a single transition state for metathesis that is connected by two intermediates that are σ‐bond complexes while the oxidation state of the metal remains constant in precursor, intermediates and product. This mechanism is appropriate in situations where σ‐bond complexes have been isolated or computed as well‐defined minima. Unlike several other mechanisms, it does not define the nature of the transition state. In this review, we highlight advances in the characterization and dynamic rearrangements of σ‐bond complexes, most notably alkane and zincane complexes, but also different geometries of silane and borane complexes. We set out a selection of catalytic and stoichiometric examples of the σ‐CAM mechanism that are supported by strong experimental and/or computational evidence. We then draw on these examples to demonstrate that the scope of the σ‐CAM mechanism has expanded to classes of reaction not envisaged in 2007 (additional σ‐bond ligands, agostic complexes, sp2‐carbon, surfaces). Finally, we provide a critical comparison to alternative mechanisms for metathesis of metal–element bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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4
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Parker K, Weragoda GK, Canty AJ, Polyzos A, Ryzhov V, O’Hair RAJ. A Two-Step Catalytic Cycle for the Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Group 10 Metal Complexes: Role of the Metal in Reactivity and Selectivity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Geethika K. Weragoda
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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5
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Koessler K, Scherer H, Butschke B. Phenyl-Group Exchange in Triphenylphosphine Mediated by Cationic Gold-Platinum Complexes-A Gas-Phase Mimetic Approach. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9496-9510. [PMID: 32124602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The PPh3 ligands in the heterodinuclear AuPt complex [(Ph3P)AuPt(PPh3)3][BAr4F] (BAr4F = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) exhibit a high fluxionality on the AuPt core. Fast intramolecular and slow intermolecular processes for the reversible exchange of the PPh3 ligands have been identified. When [(Ph3P)AuPt(PPh3)3][BAr4F] is heated in solution, the formation of benzene is observed, and a trinuclear, cationic AuPt2 complex is generated. This process is preceded by reversible phenyl-group exchange between the PPh3 ligands present in the reaction mixture as elucidated by deuterium-labeling studies. Both the elimination of benzene and the preceding reversible phenyl-group exchange have originally been observed in mass-spectrometry-based CID experiments (CID = Collision-Induced Dissociation). While CID of mass-selected [Au,Pt,(PPh3)4]+ results exclusively in the loss of PPh3, the resulting cation [Au,Pt,(PPh3)3]+ selectively eliminates C6H6. Thus, the dissociation of a PPh3 ligand from [Au,Pt,(PPh3)3]+ is energetically not able to compete with processes which result in C-H- and C-P-bond cleavage. In both media, the heterobimetallic nature of the employed complexes is the key for the observed reactivity. Only the intimate interplay of the gas-phase investigations, studies in solution, and thorough DFT computations allowed for the elucidation of the mechanistic details of the reactivity of [(Ph3P)AuPt(PPh3)3][BAr4F].
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Koessler
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Corpas J, Viereck P, Chirik PJ. C(sp2)–H Activation with Pyridine Dicarbene Iron Dialkyl Complexes: Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Arenes Using Benzene-d6 as a Deuterium Source. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Corpas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Viereck
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Bartlett SA, Besley NA, Dent AJ, Diaz-Moreno S, Evans J, Hamilton ML, Hanson-Heine MWD, Horvath R, Manici V, Sun XZ, Towrie M, Wu L, Zhang X, George MW. Monitoring the Formation and Reactivity of Organometallic Alkane and Fluoroalkane Complexes with Silanes and Xe Using Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11471-11480. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. Bartlett
- DySS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Eastern Avenue, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Dent
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Sofia Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - John Evans
- DySS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Michelle L. Hamilton
- DySS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Valentina Manici
- DySS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- DySS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Lingjun Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael W. George
- DySS, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
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8
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Li YK, Zhao YX, He SG. Selective Conversion of Methane by Rh 1-Doped Aluminum Oxide Cluster Anions RhAl 2O 4-: A Comparison with the Reactivity of PtAl 2O 4. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3950-3955. [PMID: 29578712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the elementary reactions of single-noble-metal-atom-doped species can give theoretical guidance for the design of related single-atom catalysis. Using a combination of mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations, the reaction of RhAl2O4- with the most stable alkane molecule CH4 under thermal conditions has been studied. The methane tends to be converted into syngas (free H2 and adsorbed CO) with activation of four C-H bonds. In sharp contrast, formaldehyde was generated in the previously reported reaction of PtAl2O4- with CH4. Density functional theory calculations show that the difference in reactivity between RhAl2O4- and PtAl2O4- is found to be due to a higher energy barrier of the third C-H bond activation for the Pt analogue. This work provides the first comparative study on the reactivity of single noble-metal atoms (Rh, Pt) on the same cluster support (Al2O4-) and can be helpful for rational design of single-atom catalysts for selective methane conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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9
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Chen Q, Zhao YX, Jiang LX, Li HF, Chen JJ, Zhang T, Liu QY, He SG. Thermal activation of methane by vanadium boride cluster cations VBn+ (n = 3–6). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4641-4645. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of active species, transition metal boride cluster cations [VBn+ (n = 3–6)], has been experimentally identified to dehydrogenate methane under thermal collision conditions. The B3 unit in VB3+ cluster is polarized by the V+ cation to activate CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Li-Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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10
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Schwarz H, Shaik S, Li J. Electronic Effects on Room-Temperature, Gas-Phase C-H Bond Activations by Cluster Oxides and Metal Carbides: The Methane Challenge. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17201-17212. [PMID: 29112810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses a story of one molecule (methane), a few metal-oxide cationic clusters (MOCCs), dopants, metal-carbide cations, oriented-electric fields (OEFs), and a dizzying mechanistic landscape of methane activation! One mechanism is hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which occurs whenever the MOCC possesses a localized oxyl radical (M-O•). Whenever the radical is delocalized, e.g., in [MgO]n•+ the HAT barrier increases due to the penalty of radical localization. Adding a dopant (Ga2O3) to [MgO]2•+ localizes the radical and HAT transpires. Whenever the radical is located on the metal centers as in [Al2O2]•+ the mechanism crosses over to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), wherein the positive Al center acts as a Lewis acid that coordinates the methane molecule, while one of the bridging oxygen atoms abstracts a proton, and the negatively charged CH3 moiety relocates to the metal fragment. We provide a diagnostic plot of barriers vs reactants' distortion energies, which allows the chemist to distinguish HAT from PCET. Thus, doping of [MgO]2•+ by Al2O3 enables HAT and PCET to compete. Similarly, [ZnO]•+ activates methane by PCET generating many products. Adding a CH3CN ligand to form [(CH3CN)ZnO]•+ leads to a single HAT product. The CH3CN dipole acts as an OEF that switches off PCET. [MC]+ cations (M = Au, Cu) act by different mechanisms, dictated by the M+-C bond covalence. For example, Cu+, which bonds the carbon atom mostly electrostatically, performs coupling of C to methane to yield ethylene, in a single almost barrier-free step, with an unprecedented atomic choreography catalyzed by the OEF of Cu+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, P.R. China
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11
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Zhou S, Firouzbakht M, Schlangen M, Kaupp M, Schwarz H. On the Electronic Origin of Remarkable Ligand Effects on the Reactivities of [NiL] + Complexes (L=C 6 H 5 , C 5 H 4 N, CN) towards Methane. Chemistry 2017; 23:14430-14433. [PMID: 28865112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of [NiL]+ (L=C6 H5 , C5 H4 N, CN) with methane have been explored by using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) complemented by quantum chemical calculations. Though the phenyl Ni complex [Ni(C6 H5 )]+ exclusively abstracts one hydrogen atom from methane at ambient conditions, the cyano Ni complex [Ni(CN)]+ brings about both H-atom abstraction and ligand exchange to generate [Ni(CH3 )]+ . In contrast, the complex 2-pyridinyl Ni [Ni(C5 H4 N)]+ is inert towards this substrate. The presence of the empty 4s(Ni) orbital dominates the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes for the investigated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Marjan Firouzbakht
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Lee R, Tan D, Liu C, Li H, Guo H, Shyue JJ, Huang KW. DFT mechanistic study of the selective terminal C–H activation of n -pentane with a tungsten allyl nitrosyl complex. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Synthesis, structure and thermolysis of cis-dialkylplatinum(II) complexes – Experimental and theoretical perceptions. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Zhao YX, Li XN, Yuan Z, Liu QY, Shi Q, He SG. Methane activation by gold-doped titanium oxide cluster anions with closed-shell electronic structures. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4730-4735. [PMID: 30155123 PMCID: PMC6016522 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00539j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of closed-shell gas phase cluster anions AuTi3O7- and AuTi3O8- with methane under thermal collision conditions was studied by mass spectrometric experiments and quantum chemical calculations. Methane activation was observed with the formation of AuCH3 in both cases, while the formation of formaldehyde was also identified in the reaction system of AuTi3O8-. The cooperative effect of the separated Au+ and O2- ions on the clusters induces the cleavage of the first C-H bond of methane. Further activation of the second C-H bond by a peroxide ion O22- leads to the formation of formaldehyde. This study shows that closed-shell species on metal oxides can be reactive enough to facilitate thermal H-CH3 bond cleavage and the subsequent conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China . ;
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15
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Li ZY, Hu L, Liu QY, Ning CG, Chen H, He SG, Yao J. CH Bond Activation by Early Transition Metal Carbide Cluster Anion MoC3−. Chemistry 2015; 21:17748-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Kokan Z, Glasovac Z, Majerić Elenkov M, Gredičak M, Jerić I, Kirin SI. “Backdoor Induction” of Chirality: Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Rhodium(I) Complexes of Triphenylphosphane-Substituted β-Turn Mimetics. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5005385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Kokan
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Glasovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Matija Gredičak
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Jerić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko I. Kirin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Schwarz H. How and Why Do Cluster Size, Charge State, and Ligands Affect the Course of Metal-Mediated Gas-Phase Activation of Methane? Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Rijs NJ, Weiske T, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. On divorcing isomers, dissecting reactivity, and resolving mechanisms of propane CH and aryl CX (X=halogen) bond activations mediated by a ligated copper(III) oxo complex. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Kretschmer R, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. C–N coupling in the gas-phase reactions of ammonia and [M(CH)]+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt): a combined experimental/computational exercise. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4153-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Rinderspacher BC, Andzelm JW, Lambeth RH. DFT study of metal-complex structural variation on tensile force profiles. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Tsybizova A, Rulíšek L, Schröder D, Rokob TA. Coordination and Bond Activation in Complexes of Regioisomeric Phenylpyridines with the Nickel(II) Chloride Cation in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3052455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor András Rokob
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
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Zhao L, Lu X, Li Y, Chen J, Guo W. On the Gas-Phase Co+-Mediated Oxidation of Ethane by N2O: A Mechanistic Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3282-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300211v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhao
- College of
Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580,
P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- College of
Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580,
P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of
Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580,
P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of
Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580,
P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- College of
Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580,
P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
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Lakuntza O, Matxain JM, Ruipérez F, Besora M, Maseras F, Ugalde JM, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. A computational study on the intriguing mechanisms of the gas-phase thermal activation of methane by bare [Ni(H)(OH)]+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9306-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Probing elementary steps of nickel-mediated bond activation in gas-phase reactions: Ligand- and cluster-size effects. J Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Liu S, Geng Z, Wang Y, Yan Y. DFT studies for dehydrogenation of methane by gas-phase Ru+. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Butschke B, Schwarz H. The “Missing Link”: The Gas-Phase Generation of Platinum-Methylidyne Clusters PtnCH+ (n=1, 2) and Their Reactions with Hydrocarbons and Ammonia. Chemistry 2011; 17:11761-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schwarz H. Chemistry with methane: concepts rather than recipes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10096-115. [PMID: 21656876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four seemingly simple transformations related to the chemistry of methane will be addressed from mechanistic and conceptual points of view: 1) metal-mediated dehydrogenation to form metal carbene complexes, 2) the hydrogen-atom abstraction step in the oxidative dimerization of methane, 3) the mechanisms of the CH(4)→CH(3)OH conversion, and 4) the initial bond scission (C-H vs. O-H) as well as the rate-limiting step in the selective CH(3)OH→CH(2)O oxidation. State-of-the-art gas-phase experiments, in conjunction with electronic-structure calculations, permit identification of the elementary reactions at a molecular level and thus allow us to unravel detailed mechanistic aspects. Where appropriate, these results are compared with findings from related studies in solution or on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Butschke B, Schwarz H. Thermal C−H Bond Activation of Benzene, Toluene, and Methane with Cationic [M(X)(bipy)]+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; X = CH3, Cl; bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine): A Mechanistic Study. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Liu H, Geng Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu J, Zhou J. Theoretical investigation of thermal activation of methane by [Pd(H)(OH)]+. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Calladine JA, Duckett SB, George MW, Matthews SL, Perutz RN, Torres O, Vuong KQ. Manganese Alkane Complexes: An IR and NMR Spectroscopic Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2303-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110451k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Calladine
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Khuong Q. Vuong
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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32
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Butschke B, Schwarz H. Mechanistic Study on the Gas-Phase Generation of “Rollover”-Cyclometalated [M(bipy − H)]+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Lakuntza O, Matxain JM, Ugalde JM. Quantum chemical study of the reaction between Ni+ and H2S. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3172-8. [PMID: 20830728 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200901020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between the Ni(+) cation and H(2)S is studied by considering both the doublet ground state and the lowest-lying quartet state. For the doublet state the reaction is endothermic, whereas it is exothermic for the quartet state. Both CCSD(T)//B3LYP and B3LYP levels of theory, combined with the triple-zeta quality TZVP++G(3df,2p), predict that there are three spin crossings along the characterized reaction path. The first one is located after the first transition state, and the second and third ones before and after the second transition state. On the quartet potential energy surface, both transition states are close in energy to the reactants, while on the doublet surface both lie quite higher in energy. The doublet and quartet states of the HNiSH(+) four-membered intermediate lie very close in energy and their corresponding electronic configurations are connected by a single electron flip. This suggests that the -SH ligand would not prevent a facile intersystem crossing at this intermediate molecule, in contrast to the larger protection provided by the more electronegative -OH ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Lakuntza
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
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Zhou J, Zhao Q, Chen WW, Wang H, Lin GQ, Xu MH, Guo Y. Studies on gas-phase cyclometalations of [ArNi(PPh3)n]+ (n = 1 or 2) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1265-1274. [PMID: 20434923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase cyclometalation of [ArNi(PPh(3))(n)](+) (n = 1, 2) complexes have been studied by ESI-MS/MS. The electron-donating substituents of aromatic iodides in the para position were found to inhibit the cyclometalation process of losing ArH, while the electron-withdrawing substituents in the para position were found to enhance it. These results indicate that the cyclometalation process of losing ArH is favored by electron-deficient aromatic groups. In addition, the detailed dissociation pathways of the cationic nickel complexes were studied, and among these pathways, the process of aryl-aryl interchange was also found to proceed in ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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35
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Roithová J, Schröder D. Selective activation of alkanes by gas-phase metal ions. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1170-211. [PMID: 20041696 DOI: 10.1021/cr900183p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Lara P, Paneque M, Poveda ML, Santos LL, Valpuesta JEV, Carmona E, Moncho S, Ujaque G, Lledós A, Alvarez E, Mereiter K. Experimental and computational studies on the iridium activation of aliphatic and aromatic C-H bonds of alkyl aryl ethers and related molecules. Chemistry 2009; 15:9034-45. [PMID: 19658130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the Ir(III) complex [(Tp(Me2))Ir(C(6)H(5))(2)(N(2))] (1N(2)) with ortho-cresol (2-methylphenol) occurs with cleavage of the O-H and two C(sp(3))-H bonds of the phenol and formation of the electrophilic hydride alkylidene derivative [(Tp(Me2))Ir(H){=C(H)C(6)H(4)-o-O}] (2). The analogous reaction of 2-ethylphenol gives a related product 3. Both 2 and 3 have been shown to be identical to the minor, unidentified products of the already reported reactions of 1 with anisole and phenetole, respectively. Thus, in addition to the route that leads to the known heteroatom-stabilized hydride carbene [(Tp(Me2))Ir(H){=C(H)OC(6)H(4)-o-}] (B), anisole can react with 1 with cleavage of the O-CH(3) bond and formation of a new carbon-carbon bond. In contrast, only C-H bond-activation products with structures akin to B result from 1N(2) and 3,5-dimethylanisole (complex 8) or 4-fluoroanisole (9). Using anisole as a model, a computational study of the triple C-H bond activation (two aliphatic C-H bonds plus an ortho-metalation reaction) that is responsible for the formation of these heteroatom-stabilized hydride carbenes has been undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang X, Schwarz H. A DFT-Based Analysis of the Grossly Varying Reactivity Pattern in Room-Temperature Activation and Dehydrogenation of CH4by Main-Group Atomic M+(M=Ga, Ge, As, and Se). Chemistry 2009; 15:11559-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Butschke B, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Thermal C−H Bond Activation of Benzene with Cationic [Pt(CX3)(L)]+ Complexes in the Gas Phase: A Combined Experimental/Theoretical Study (X = H, D; L = 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2,2′-Bipyrimidine, 2,2′-Bipyridine, and (o,o′-Cl2C6H3)N═C(CH3)−C(CH3)═N(o,o′-Cl2C6H3)). Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Dedieu A, Mota AJ. Pd/X group interchange in the [Pd(Br)(PH3)(C6H5)(C6H5X)] system — Theoretical insights from the isolobal analogy perspective. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DFT-B3LYP calculations have been carried out to assess the fate of the Pd/X group intermolecular exchange in the [PdBr(PH3)(C6H5)(C6H5X)] system, where X is either H, an electropositive atom, or a group such as Li, Na, BH2, AlH2, BeH or BeCH3, and an electronegative atom, or a group such as F, Cl, Br, CH3, OH, and SH. The transfer of H is best viewed as involving the migration of a proton between the two phenyls. At variance with this result, the transfer of the more electropositive entities such as X = Li, Na, BH2, AlH2, BeH, or BeCH3 is not complete. It stops halfway to yield a stable structure in which X can experience interactions with the two phenyl groups that are quite ionic. These stable structures are rationalized through isolobal analogy arguments. In the case of beryllium, the correspondence has been made also with the experimentally known cyclopentadienylberyllium borohydride system, CpBeH4. The results of the DFT geometry optimization call for a re-examination of the gas-phase electron-diffraction structure determination, especially for the bond distances and angles that pertain to the two bridging hydrogens. For the halogen series X = F, Cl, or Br and for the electronegative groups CH3, OH, or SH, the transfer between the two phenyls takes place via a two-step Pd(II)/Pd(IV) oxidative addition/reductive elimination mechanism. The associated energy barriers are nevertheless quite high, except for Br and SH for which the process might be feasible. The dimerization of the PdBr(PH3)(C6H5) system is also analyzed within the isolobal analogy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dedieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS/ULP, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Mota
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS/ULP, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Butschke B, Schlangen M, Schröder D, Schwarz H. "Roll-over" cyclometalation of 2,2'-bipyridine platinum(II) complexes in the gas phase: a combined experimental and computational study. Chemistry 2009; 14:11050-60. [PMID: 19003832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In a combined experimental/computational investigation, the gas-phase behavior of cationic [Pt(bipy)(CH(3))((CH(3))(2)S)](+) (1) (bipy=2,2'-bipyridine) has been explored. Losses of CH(4) and (CH(3))(2)S from 1 result in the formation of a cyclometalated 2,2'-bipyrid-3-yl species [Pt(bipy-H)](+) (2). As to the mechanisms of ligand evaporation, detailed labeling experiments complemented by DFT-based computations reveal that the reaction follows the mechanistically intriguing "roll-over" cyclometalation path in the course of which a hydrogen atom from the C(3)-position is combined with the Pt-bound methyl group to produce CH(4). Activation of a C-H-bond of the (CH(3))(2)S ligand occurs as well, but is less favored (35 % versus 65 %) as compared to the C(3)-H bond activation of bipy. In addition, the thermal ion/molecule reactions of [Pt(bipy-H)](+) with (CH(3))(2)S have been examined, and for the major pathway, that is, the dehydrogenative coupling of the two methyl groups to form C(2)H(4), a mechanism is suggested that is compatible with the experimental and computational findings. A hallmark of the gas-phase chemistry of [Pt(bipy-H)](+) with the incoming (CH(3))(2)S ligand is the exchange of one (and only one) hydrogen atom of the bipy fragment with the C-H bonds of dimethylsulfide in a reversible "roll-over" cyclometalation reaction. The Pt(II)-mediated conversion of (CH(3))(2)S to C(2)H(4) may serve as a model to obtain mechanistic insight in the dehydrosulfurization of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Duckett SB, George MW, Jina OS, Matthews SL, Perutz RN, Sun XZ, Vuong KQ. A systematic approach to the generation of long-lived metal alkane complexes: combined IR and NMR study of (Tp)Re(CO)2(cyclopentane). Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1401-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b819671k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Ligand and electronic-structure effects in metal-mediated gas-phase activation of methane: A cold approach to a hot problem. Dalton Trans 2009:10155-65. [DOI: 10.1039/b915165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Ligand Effects on the Mechanisms of Thermal Bond Activation in the Gas-Phase Reactions NiX+/CH4→Ni(CH3)+/HX (X=H, CH3, OH, F). Short Communication. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Butschke B, Schlangen M, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Competitive Intramolecular Aryl- and Alkyl-CH Bond Activation and Ligand Evaporation from Gaseous Bisimino Complexes [Pt(L)(CH3)((CH3)2S)]+(L=C6H5NC(CH3)C(CH3)NC6H5). Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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