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Golombek F, Haumann M, Knoll MS, Fröba AP, Castiglione K. Three Steps, Two Enzymes, One Pot, but a Multitude of Nanocompartments: Combined Cycles of Kinetic Resolutions and Re-racemization with Incompatible Biocatalysts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29192-29200. [PMID: 34746608 PMCID: PMC8567398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deracemizations are clearly preferable to kinetic resolutions in the production of chiral molecules from racemates, as they allow up to 100% chemical and optical yield. Here we present a new process route for multienzymatic deracemizations that is relevant for reaction systems with incompatible reaction conditions of the biocatalysts. This often applies to combinations of lipases used for stereoselective acylation and solvent-sensitive racemases. By encapsulating a model racemase in polymeric vesicles, it was protected from inactivation by the organic solvent up to phase proportions of 99%. As high yields in the lipase reaction required either water proportions well below 1% or racemase-denaturating acyl donor concentrations, a one-pot reaction was implemented through the sequential use of lipase and racemase-containing nanocompartments. This strategy allowed us to perform two kinetic resolutions with intermittent re-racemization in one pot yielding 72% (0.72 mM after 120 h) of an enantiopure product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Golombek
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Haumann
- Department
Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen, Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik
(CRT), Friedrich-Alexander Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Matthias S.G. Knoll
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Advanced Optical
Technologies − Thermophysical Properties, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 8, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Erlangen
Graduate School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul Fröba
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Advanced Optical
Technologies − Thermophysical Properties, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 8, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Erlangen
Graduate School of Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Zhou K, Tian T, Wang C, Zhao H, Gao N, Yin H, Wang P, Ravoo BJ, Li G. Multifunctional Integrated Compartment Systems for Incompatible Cascade Reactions Based on Onion-Like Photonic Spheres. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20605-20615. [PMID: 33245854 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the central aims of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering is to mimic the integrality of eukaryotic cells to construct a multifunctional compartment system to perform multistep incompatible cascade reactions in a one-pot, controlled, and selective fashion. The key challenge is how to address the coexistence of antagonistic reagents and to incorporate these functionalities into an integrated system in a smart and efficient way. A novel strategy called "iterative etching-grafting" is proposed here based on monodispersed photonic spheres (PSs) prepared by microfluidics, which constructs a universal platform for incompatible cascade reactions. As a proof of concept, we spatiotemporally regulated the degree of etching of PSs, then grafted precursory groups of acid and base onto PSs, and incorporated a photocleavage method, which were capable of compartmentalizing the acid and base inside PSs. Utilizing the band-gap offsets of PSs could track the progress of cascade reactions in situ, and grafting various charged polymers on the surface of the pores by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) achieved the selectivity of the substrates, which flexibly constructed a multifunctional and integrated acid-base photonic multicompartment system (PMCS). The created PMCS shows excellent catalytic performance, convenient monitoring, and efficient substrate selectivity in the deacetalization-Knoevenagel cascade reaction. Furthermore, two types of electrophile/nucleophile PMCSs have also been accessibly constructed, demonstrating the facile generation of other incompatible systems with the versatility as well as the advancement and extensibility of the developed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Influence of Pluronic F127 microenvironments on the photochemical nitric oxide release from S-nitrosoglutathione. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 544:217-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Uthoff F, Gröger H. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-Phenylethylamine from Styrene via Combined Wacker Oxidation and Enzymatic Reductive Amination. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9517-9521. [PMID: 30024753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective chemoenzymatic two-step one-pot transformation of styrene to 1-phenylethylamine has been developed based on combining an initial Pd/Cu-catalyzed Wacker oxidation of styrene with a subsequent reductive amination of the in situ formed acetophenone. As a nitrogen source only ammonia is needed. The incompatible catalysts were separated by means of a polydimethylsiloxane membrane, thus leading to quantitative conversion and an excellent enantiomeric excess of the corresponding amine. The overall one-pot process formally corresponds to an asymmetric hydroamination of styrene with ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Uthoff
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstr. 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstr. 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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5
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Zumbrägel N, Gröger H. Merging Heterocyclic Chemistry and Biocatalysis in One-Pot Processes through Compartmentalization of the Reaction Steps. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5030060. [PMID: 30071637 PMCID: PMC6164193 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A proof of concept for a one-pot process merging a heterocycle formation by a classical chemical approach at basic conditions with a biocatalytic reduction, running at neutral pH conditions, is reported. A crucial component for this process is the compartmentalization of the single reactions by the use of polydimethylsiloxane thimbles. This process was applied successfully towards an asymmetric synthesis of (S)-2,2,3-trimethyl-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonane, leading to excellent enantioselectivities of 99% enantiomeric excess (ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Zumbrägel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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6
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Schmidt S, Castiglione K, Kourist R. Overcoming the Incompatibility Challenge in Chemoenzymatic and Multi-Catalytic Cascade Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 24:1755-1768. [PMID: 28877401 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-catalytic cascade reactions bear a great potential to minimize downstream and purification steps, leading to a drastic reduction of the produced waste. In many examples, the compatibility of chemo- and biocatalytic steps could be easily achieved. Problems associated with the incompatibility of the catalysts and their reactions, however, are very frequent. Cascade-like reactions can hardly occur in this way. One possible solution to combine, in principle, incompatible chemo- and biocatalytic reactions is the defined control of the microenvironment by compartmentalization or scaffolding. Current methods for the control of the microenvironment of biocatalysts go far beyond classical enzyme immobilization and are thus believed to be very promising tools to overcome incompatibility issues and to facilitate the synthetic application of cascade reactions. In this Minireview, we will summarize recent synthetic examples of (chemo)enzymatic cascade reactions and outline promising methods for their spatial control either by using bio-derived or synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
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7
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Uthoff F, Sato H, Gröger H. Formal Enantioselective Hydroamination of Non-Activated Alkenes: Transformation of Styrenes into Enantiomerically Pure 1-Phenylethylamines in Chemoenzymatic One-Pot Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Uthoff
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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8
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Enhancing the productivity of the bi-enzymatic convergent cascade for ɛ-caprolactone synthesis through design of experiments and a biphasic system. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Gómez Baraibar Á, Reichert D, Mügge C, Seger S, Gröger H, Kourist R. Ein-Topf-Reaktionskaskaden durch Kombination einer eingekapselten Decarboxylase mit Metathese zur Synthese biobasierter Antioxidantien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gómez Baraibar
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Dennis Reichert
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Svenja Seger
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Harald Gröger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Robert Kourist
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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10
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Gómez Baraibar Á, Reichert D, Mügge C, Seger S, Gröger H, Kourist R. A One‐Pot Cascade Reaction Combining an Encapsulated Decarboxylase with a Metathesis Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bio‐Based Antioxidants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14823-14827. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gómez Baraibar
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Dennis Reichert
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Svenja Seger
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Nachwuchsgruppe für Mikrobielle Biotechnologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
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11
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Çınar S, Schulz MD, Oyola-Reynoso S, Bwambok DK, Gathiaka SM, Thuo M. Application of Ionic Liquids in Pot-in-Pot Reactions. Molecules 2016; 21:272. [PMID: 26927045 PMCID: PMC6273955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pot-in-pot reactions are designed such that two reaction media (solvents, catalysts and reagents) are isolated from each other by a polymeric membrane similar to matryoshka dolls (Russian nesting dolls). The first reaction is allowed to progress to completion before triggering the second reaction in which all necessary solvents, reactants, or catalysts are placed except for the starting reagent for the target reaction. With the appropriate trigger, in most cases unidirectional flux, the product of the first reaction is introduced to the second medium allowing a second transformation in the same glass reaction pot--albeit separated by a polymeric membrane. The basis of these reaction systems is the controlled selective flux of one reagent over the other components of the first reaction while maintaining steady-state catalyst concentration in the first "pot". The use of ionic liquids as tools to control chemical potential across the polymeric membranes making the first pot is discussed based on standard diffusion models--Fickian and Payne's models. Besides chemical potential, use of ionic liquids as delivery agent for a small amount of a solvent that slightly swells the polymeric membrane, hence increasing flux, is highlighted. This review highlights the critical role ionic liquids play in site-isolation of multiple catalyzed reactions in a standard pot-in-pot reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Çınar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Michael D Schulz
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | | | - David K Bwambok
- Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA.
| | - Symon M Gathiaka
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Martin Thuo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Microelectronic Research Center, Iowa State University, 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Biopolymer and Biocomposites Research Team, Center for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, Iowa State University, 1041 Food Sciences Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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12
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Sato H, Hummel W, Gröger H. Cooperative Catalysis of Noncompatible Catalysts through Compartmentalization: Wacker Oxidation and Enzymatic Reduction in a One-Pot Process in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4488-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Sato H, Hummel W, Gröger H. Kooperative Katalyse nicht-kompatibler Katalysatoren durch Kompartimentierung: Wacker-Oxidation und enzymatische Reduktion in einem Eintopf-Verfahren im wässrigen Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Atkinson MBJ, Oyola-Reynoso S, Luna RE, Bwambok DK, Thuo MM. Pot-in-pot reactions: a simple and green approach to efficient organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, flux controlled, technique to circumvent the tedium and wastage in organic synthesis is review. Pot-in-pot reactions, like matryoshka dolls, houses one reaction pot inside another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Oyola-Reynoso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - R. E. Luna
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston
- USA
| | - D. K. Bwambok
- Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry
- Wilmington
- USA
| | - M. M. Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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15
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Schulz MD, Atkinson MBJ, Elsey RJ, Thuo MM. Copper(I) halides inhibit olefin isomerized by-products from phosphine-based Grubbs’ metathesis catalysts in polar protic solvents. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Fan X, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Sayalero S, Pericàs MA. Paraldehyde as an Acetaldehyde Precursor in Asymmetric Michael Reactions Promoted by Site-Isolated Incompatible Catalysts. Chemistry 2013; 19:10814-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Laville L, Charnay C, Lamaty F, Martinez J, Colacino E. Ring-Closing Metathesis in Aqueous Micellar Medium. Chemistry 2011; 18:760-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Long TR, Gupta A, Miller II AL, Rethwisch DG, Bowden NB. Selective flux of organic liquids and solids using nanoporous membranes of polydicyclopentadiene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10970g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Synthesis and theoretical analysis of palladium complexes of polydimethylsiloxane functionalised pyridine and their catalytic activity in alcohol oxidations under low polar conditions. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Herbert M, Montilla F, Galindo A. Supercritical carbon dioxide, a new medium for aerobic alcohol oxidations catalysed by copper-TEMPO. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:900-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b914788h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Perring M, Long TR, Bowden NB. Epoxidation of the surface of polydicyclopentadiene for the self-assembly of organic monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2008. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Miller AL, Bowden NB. Site-Isolation and Recycling of PdCl2 using PDMS Thimbles. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4834-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900570y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lee Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Ned B. Bowden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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24
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Herbert M, Galindo A, Montilla F. Methyltrioxorhenium Complexes of Polydimethylsiloxane-Functionalized Pyridine as Efficient Olefin Epoxidation Catalysts in Solventless and Low-Polar Solvent Conditions. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900111n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Herbert
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Agustín Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Montilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Mwangi MT, Schulz MD, Bowden NB. Sequential Reactions with Grubbs Catalyst and AD-mix-α/β Using PDMS Thimbles. Org Lett 2008; 11:33-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8022215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin T. Mwangi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | | | - Ned B. Bowden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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