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Yamada Y, Miwa Y, Toyoda Y, Uno Y, Phung QM, Tanaka K. Effect of porphyrin ligands on the catalytic CH 4 oxidation activity of monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrinoid dimers by using H 2O 2 as an oxidant. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6556-6567. [PMID: 38525694 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The μ-nitrido-bridged iron phthalocyanine homodimer is a potent molecule-based CH4 oxidation catalyst that can effectively oxidize chemically stable CH4 under mild reaction conditions in an acidic aqueous solution including an oxidant such as H2O2. The reactive intermediate is a high-valent iron-oxo species generated upon reaction with H2O2. However, a detailed comparison of the CH4 oxidation activity of the μ-nitrido-bridged iron phthalocyanine dimer with those of μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrinoid dimers containing one or two porphyrin ring(s) has not been yet reported, although porphyrins are the most important class of porphyrinoids. Herein, we compare the catalytic CH4 and CH3CH3 oxidation activities of a monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrin homodimer and a monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged heterodimer of an iron porphyrin and an iron phthalocyanine with those of a monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron phthalocyanine homodimer in an acidic aqueous solution containing H2O2 as an oxidant. It was demonstrated that the CH4 oxidation activities of monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrinoid dimers containing porphyrin ring(s) were much lower than that of a monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron phthalocyanine homodimer. These findings suggested that the difference in the electronic structure of the porphyrinoid rings of monocationic μ-nitrido-bridged iron porphyrinoid dimers strongly affected their catalytic light alkane oxidation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Yuka Toyoda
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Uno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- Institute of Transformaytive Bio-Molecules (ITBM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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2
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Farshadfar K, Laasonen K. DFT Mechanistic Investigation into Ni(II)-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by H 2O 2. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5509-5519. [PMID: 38471975 PMCID: PMC11186014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction of oxygen into aromatic C-H bonds is intriguing from both fundamental and practical perspectives. Although the 3d metal-catalyzed hydroxylation of arenes by H2O2 has been developed by several prominent researchers, a definitive mechanism for these crucial transformations remains elusive. Herein, density functional theory calculations were used to shed light on the mechanism of the established hydroxylation reaction of benzene with H2O2, catalyzed by [NiII(tepa)]2+ (tepa = tris[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]amine). Dinickel(III) bis(μ-oxo) species have been proposed as the key intermediate responsible for the benzene hydroxylation reaction. Our findings indicate that while the dinickel dioxygen species can be generated as a stable structure, it cannot serve as an active catalyst in this transformation. The calculations allowed us to unveil an unprecedented mechanism composed of six main steps as follows: (i) deprotonation of coordinated H2O2, (ii) oxidative addition, (iii) water elimination, (iv) benzene addition, (v) ketone generation, and (vi) tautomerization and regeneration of the active catalyst. Addition of benzene to oxygen, which occurs via a radical mechanism, turns out to be the rate-determining step in the overall reaction. This study demonstrates the critical role of Ni-oxyl species in such transformations, highlighting how the unpaired spin density value on oxygen and positive charges on the Ni-O• complex affect the activation barrier for benzene addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry and
Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and
Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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3
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Cordes Née Kupper C, Klawitter I, Rüter I, Dechert S, Demeshko S, Ye S, Meyer F. Organometallic μ-Nitridodiiron Complexes in Oxidation States Ranging from (III/III) to (IV/IV). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7153-7164. [PMID: 35475617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron complexes with nitrido ligands are of interest as molecular analogues of key intermediates during N2-to-NH3 conversion in industrial or enzymatic processes. Dinuclear iron complexes with a bridging nitrido unit are mostly known in relatively high oxidation states (III/IV or IV/IV), originating from the decomposition of azidoiron precursors via high-valent Fe≡N intermediates. The use of a tetra-NHC macrocyclic scaffold ligand (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) has now allowed for the isolation of a series of organometallic μ-nitridodiiron complexes ranging from the mid-valent FeIII-N-FeIII (1) via mixed-valent FeIII-N-FeIV (type 4) to the high-valent FeIV-N-FeIV (type 5) species that are interconverted at moderate potentials, accompanied by axial ligand binding at the FeIV sites. Magnetic measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed the homovalent complexes to be diamagnetic and the mixed-valent system to feature an S = 1/2 ground state due to very strong antiferromagnetic coupling. The bonding in the Fe-N-Fe moiety has been further probed by crystallographic structure determination, 57Fe Mössbauer and UV-vis spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory computations, which revealed high covalency and nearly identical Fe-N distances across this redox series. The latter has been rationalized in terms of the nonbonding nature of the combination of Fe dz2 atomic orbitals from which electrons are successively removed upon oxidation, and these redox processes are best described as being metal-centered. The tetra-NHC-ligated μ-nitridodiiron series complements a set of related complexes with single-atom μ-oxido and μ-phosphido bridges, but the Fe-N-Fe core exhibits a comparatively high stability over several oxidation states. This promises interesting applications in view of the manifold catalytic uses of μ-nitridodiiron complexes based on macrocyclic N-donor porphinato(2-) or phthalocyaninato(2-) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cordes Née Kupper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris Klawitter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Rüter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Masferrer‐Rius E, Borrell M, Lutz M, Costas M, Klein Gebbink RJM. Aromatic C−H Hydroxylation Reactions with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Bulky Manganese Complexes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Masferrer‐Rius
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Margarida Borrell
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi E-17071 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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Wanna WH, Janmanchi D, Thiyagarajan N, Ramu R, Tsai YF, Yu SSF. Selective Oxidation of Simple Aromatics Catalyzed by Nano-Biomimetic Metal Oxide Catalysts: A Mini Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:589178. [PMID: 33195091 PMCID: PMC7649321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of selective oxy-functionalization of hydrocarbons using peroxide, O3, H2O2, O2, and transition metals can be carried out by the reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl/hydroperoxyl radical and/or metal oxygenated species generated in the catalytic reaction. Thus, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed for the selective catalytic oxidation of various hydrocarbons including light alkanes, olefins, and simple aromatics by the biological metalloproteins and their biomimetics either in their homogeneous or heterogeneous platforms. Most studies involving these metalloproteins are Fe or Cu monooxygenases. The pathways carried out by these metalloenzymes in the oxidation of C-H bonds invoke either radical reaction mechanisms including Fenton's chemistry and hydrogen atom transfer followed by radical rebound reaction mechanism or electrophilic oxygenation/O-atom transfer by metal-oxygen species. In this review, we discuss the metal oxide nano-catalysts obtained from metal salts/molecular precursors (M = Cu, Fe, and V) that can easily form in situ through the oxidation of substrates using H2O2(aq) in CH3CN, and be facilely separated from the reaction mixtures as well as recycled for several times with comparable catalytic efficiency for the highly selective conversion from hydrocarbons including aromatics to oxygenates. The mechanistic insights revealed from the oxy-functionalization of simple aromatics mediated by the novel biomimetic metal oxide materials can pave the way toward developing facile, cost-effective, and highly efficient nano-catalysts for the selective partial oxidation of simple aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ravirala Ramu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sree Dattha Institute of Engineering and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Yu J, Lin JH, Yu D, Du R, Xiao JC. Oxidation of difluorocarbene and subsequent trifluoromethoxylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5362. [PMID: 31767850 PMCID: PMC6877537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a versatile intermediate, difluorocarbene is an electron-deficient transient species, meaning that its oxidation would be challenging. Herein we show that the oxidation of difluorocarbene could occur smoothly to generate carbonyl fluoride. The oxidation process is confirmed by successful trifluoromethoxylation, 18O-trifluoromethoxylation, the observation of AgOCF3 species, and DFT calculations. Difluorocarbene is a versatile and efficient intermediate for fluorine incorporation. Here, the authors show that difluorocarbene can be oxidized to carbonyl fluoride and this process is confirmed in 18O-trifluoromethoxylation reactions, by observation of AgOCF3 species and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Du
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Xu S, Draksharapu A, Rasheed W, Que L. Acid pKa Dependence in O–O Bond Heterolysis of a Nonheme FeIII–OOH Intermediate To Form a Potent FeV═O Oxidant with Heme Compound I-Like Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16093-16107. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangning Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Waqas Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Colomban C, Tobing AH, Mukherjee G, Sastri CV, Sorokin AB, de Visser SP. Mechanism of Oxidative Activation of Fluorinated Aromatic Compounds by N-Bridged Diiron-Phthalocyanine: What Determines the Reactivity? Chemistry 2019; 25:14320-14331. [PMID: 31339185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradation of compounds with C-F bonds is challenging due to the fact that these bonds are stronger than the C-H bond in methane. In this work, results on the unprecedented reactivity of a biomimetic model complex that contains an N-bridged diiron-phthalocyanine are presented; this model complex is shown to react with perfluorinated arenes under addition of H2 O2 effectively. To get mechanistic insight into this unusual reactivity, detailed density functional theory calculations on the mechanism of C6 F6 activation by an iron(IV)-oxo active species of the N-bridged diiron phthalocyanine system were performed. Our studies show that the reaction proceeds through a rate-determining electrophilic C-O addition reaction followed by a 1,2-fluoride shift to give the ketone product, which can further rearrange to the phenol. A thermochemical analysis shows that the weakest C-F bond is the aliphatic C-F bond in the ketone intermediate. The oxidative defluorination of perfluoroaromatics is demonstrated to proceed through a completely different mechanism compared to that of aromatic C-H hydroxylation by iron(IV)-oxo intermediates such as cytochrome P450 Compound I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS Université Lyon 1, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Anthonio H Tobing
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of, Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of, Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gourab Mukherjee
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of, Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of, Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chivukula V Sastri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Alexander B Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS Université Lyon 1, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sam P de Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of, Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of, Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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9
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Quesne MG, Silveri F, de Leeuw NH, Catlow CRA. Advances in Sustainable Catalysis: A Computational Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:182. [PMID: 31032245 PMCID: PMC6473102 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous challenge of moving our societies to a more sustainable future offers several exciting opportunities for computational chemists. The first principles approach to "catalysis by design" will enable new and much greener chemical routes to produce vital fuels and fine chemicals. This prospective outlines a wide variety of case studies to underscore how the use of theoretical techniques, from QM/MM to unrestricted DFT and periodic boundary conditions, can be applied to biocatalysis and to both homogeneous and heterogenous catalysts of all sizes and morphologies to provide invaluable insights into the reaction mechanisms they catalyze.
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10
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Kroitor AP, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Sorokin AB. Exploring the Optimal Synthetic Pathways towards µ-Carbido Diruthenium(IV) Bisphthalocyaninates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P. Kroitor
- Chemical Department; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory, 1, bldg. 3 119991, GSP-1 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninskii pr., 31, bldg. 4 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninskii pr., 31, bldg. 4 119071 Moscow Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninskii pr., 31 11991 Moscow Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninskii pr., 31, bldg. 4 119071 Moscow Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninskii pr., 31 11991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256; CNRS - Université Lyon 1; 2 avenue A. Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne cedex France
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11
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Cheung WM, Ng WM, Wong WH, Lee HK, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. A Nitrido-bridged Heterometallic Ruthenium(IV)/Iron(IV) Phthalocyanine Complex Supported by A Tripodal Oxygen Ligand, [Co(η 5-C 5H 5){P(O)(OEt) 2} 3] -: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Oxidation to Give Phthalocyanine Cation Radical and Hydroxyphthalocyanine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9215-9222. [PMID: 29992815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear iron nitrido phthalocyanine complexes are of interest owing to their applications in catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons. While nitrido-bridged diiron phthalocyanine complexes are well documented, the oxidation chemistry of heterodinuclear iron(IV) phthalocyanine nitrides has not been well explored. In this paper we report on the synthesis of a heterometallic FeIV/RuIV phthalocyanine nitride and its oxidation to yield phthalocyanine cation radical and hydroxyphthalocyanine complexes. Treatment of [FeII(Pc)] (Pc2- = phthalocyanine dianion) with [RuVI(LOEt)(N)Cl2] (LOEt- = [Co(η5-C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]-) (1) afforded the heterometallic μ-nitrido complex [Cl2(LOEt)RuIV(μ-N)FeIV(Pc)(H2O)] (2) that contains an RuIV=N = FeIV linkage with the Ru-N and Fe-N distances of 1.689(6) and 1.677(6) Å, respectively, and Ru-N-Fe angle of 176.0(4)°. Substitution of 2 with 4- tert-butylpyridine (Bupy) gave [Cl2(LOEt)RuIV(μ-N)FeIV(Pc)(Bupy)]. The cyclic voltammogram of 2 displayed a reversible Pc-centered oxidation couple at +0.18 V versus Fc+/0 (Fc = ferrocene). The oxidation of 2 with [N(4-BrC6H4)3]SbCl6 led to isolation of the cationic complex [Cl2(LOEt)RuIV(μ-N)FeIV(Pc·+)(H2O)][SbCl6]0.85[SbCl5(OH)]0.15 (2[SbCl6]0.85[SbCl5(OH)]0.15), whereas that with PhICl2 yielded the chloride complex [Cl2(LOEt)RuIV(μ-N)FeIV(Pc·+)Cl] (3). Complexes 2[SbCl6]0.85[SbCl5(OH)]0.15 and 3 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The UV/visible spectra of 2+ (λmax = 515 and 747 nm) and 3 (λmax = 506 and 748 nm) displayed absorption bands that are characteristic of Pc cation radical. The EPR spectrum of 3 showed a signal with the g value of 2.0012 (width = 5 G) that is consistent with an organic radical. The spectroscopic data support the formulation of 2+ and 3 as RuIV-FeIV Pc cation radical complexes. The reaction of 2 with PhI(CF3CO2)2 in dried CH2Cl2 afforded a mixture of [Cl2(LOEt)RuIV(μ-N)FeIV(Pc·+)(CF3CO2)] (4) and a hydroxyphthalocyanine complex, [Cl2(LOEt)RuIV(μ-N)FeIV(Pc-OH)(H2O)](CF3CO2) (5), whereas that in wet CH2Cl2 (containing ca. 0.5% water) led to isolation of 5 as the sole product. Complex 4 was independently prepared by salt metathesis of 3 with AgCF3CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Wai-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Wai-Ho Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong , China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
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12
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Cheung WM, Chiu WH, de Vere-Tucker M, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Heterobimetallic Nitrido Complexes of Group 8 Metalloporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5680-5687. [PMID: 28429931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic nitrido porphyrin complexes with the [(L)(por)M-N-M'(LOEt)Cl2] formula {por2- = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP2-) or 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrin (TTP2-) dianion; LOEt- = [Co(η5-C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]-; M = Fe, Ru, or Os; M' = Ru or Os; L = H2O or pyridine} have been synthesized, and their electrochemistry has been studied. Treatment of trans-[Fe(TPP)(py)2] (py = pyridine) with Ru(VI) nitride [Ru(LOEt)(N)Cl2] (1) afforded Fe/Ru μ-nitrido complex [(py)(TPP)Fe(μ-N)Ru(LOEt)Cl2] (2). Similarly, Fe/Os analogue [(py)(TPP)Fe(μ-N)Os(LOEt)Cl2] (3) was obtained from trans-[Fe(TPP)(py)2] and [Os(LOEt)(N)Cl2]. However, no reaction was found between trans-[Fe(TPP)(py)2] and [Re(LOEt)(N)Cl(PPh3)]. Treatment of trans-[M(TPP)(CO)(EtOH)] with 1 afforded μ-nitrido complexes [(H2O)(TPP)M(μ-N)Ru(LOEt)Cl2] [M = Ru (4a) or Os (5)]. TTP analogue [(H2O)(TTP)Ru(μ-N)Ru(LOEt)Cl2] (4b) was prepared similarly from trans-[Ru(TTP)(CO)(EtOH)] and 1. Reaction of [(H2O)(por)M(μ-N)M(LOEt)Cl2] with pyridine gave adducts [(py)(por)M(μ-N)Ru(LOEt)Cl2] [por = TTP, and M = Ru (6); por = TPP, and M = Os (7)]. The diamagnetism and short (por)M-N(nitride) distances in 2 [Fe-N, 1.683(3) Å] and 4b [Ru-N, 1.743(3) Å] are indicative of the MIV═N═M'IV bonding description. The cyclic voltammograms of the Fe/Ru (2) and Ru/Ru (4b) complexes in CH2Cl2 displayed oxidation couples at approximately +0.29 and +0.35 V versus Fc+/0 (Fc = ferrocene) that are tentatively ascribed to the oxidation of the {LOEtRu} and {Ru(TTP)} moieties, respectively, whereas the Fe/Os (3) and Os/Ru (5) complexes exhibited Os-centered oxidation at approximately -0.06 and +0.05 V versus Fc+/0, respectively. The crystal structures of 2 and 4b have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Hang Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew de Vere-Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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13
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Faponle AS, Banse F, de Visser SP. Arene activation by a nonheme iron(III)-hydroperoxo complex: pathways leading to phenol and ketone products. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:453-62. [PMID: 27099221 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes are found in various nonheme iron enzymes as catalytic cycle intermediates; however, little is known on their catalytic properties. The recent work of Banse and co-workers on a biomimetic nonheme iron(III)-hydroperoxo complex provided evidence of its involvement in reactivity with arenes. This contrasts the behavior of heme iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes that are known to be sluggish oxidants. To gain insight into the reaction mechanism of the biomimetic iron(III)-hydroperoxo complex with arenes, we performed a computational (density functional theory) study. The calculations show that iron(III)-hydroperoxo reacts with substrates via low free energies of activation that should be accessible at room temperature. Moreover, a dominant ketone reaction product is observed as primary products rather than the thermodynamically more stable phenols. These product distributions are analyzed and the calculations show that charge interaction between the iron(III)-hydroxo group and the substrate in the intermediate state pushes the transferring proton to the meta-carbon atom of the substrate and guides the selectivity of ketone formation. These studies show that the relative ratio of ketone versus phenol as primary products can be affected by external interactions of the oxidant with the substrate. Moreover, iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes are shown to selectively give ketone products, whereas iron(IV)-oxo complexes will react with arenes to form phenols instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi S Faponle
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Frédéric Banse
- Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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14
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Afanasiev P, Sorokin AB. μ-Nitrido Diiron Macrocyclic Platform: Particular Structure for Particular Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:583-93. [PMID: 26967682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate objective of bioinspired catalysis is the development of efficient and clean chemical processes. Cytochrome P450 and soluble methane monooxygenase enzymes efficiently catalyze many challenging reactions. Extensive research has been performed to mimic their exciting chemistry, aiming to create efficient chemical catalysts for functionalization of strong C-H bonds. Two current biomimetic approaches are based on (i) mononuclear metal porphyrin-like complexes and (ii) iron and diiron non-heme complexes. However, biomimetic catalysts capable of oxidizing CH4 are still to be created. In the search for powerful oxidizing catalysts, we have recently proposed a new bioinspired strategy using N-bridged diiron phthalocyanine and porphyrin complexes. This platform is particularly suitable for stabilization of Fe(IV)Fe(IV) complexes and can be useful to generate high-valent oxidizing active species. Indeed, the possibility of charge delocalization on two iron centers, two macrocyclic ligands, and the nitrogen bridge makes possible the activation of H2O2 and peracids. The ultrahigh-valent diiron-oxo species (L)Fe(IV)-N-Fe(IV)(L(+•))═O (L = porphyrin or phthalocyanine) have been prepared at low temperatures and characterized by cryospray MS, UV-vis, EPR, and Mössbauer techniques. The highly electrophilic (L)Fe(IV)-N-Fe(IV)(L(+•))═O species exhibit remarkable reactivity. In this Account, we describe the catalytic applications of μ-nitrido diiron complexes in the oxidation of methane and benzene, in the transformation of aromatic C-F bonds under oxidative conditions, in oxidative dechlorination, and in the formation of C-C bonds. Importantly, all of these reactions can be performed under mild and clean conditions with high conversions and turnover numbers. μ-Nitrido diiron species retain their binuclear structure during catalysis and show the same mechanistic features (e.g., (18)O labeling, formation of benzene epoxide, and NIH shift in aromatic oxidation) as the enzymes operating via high-valent iron-oxo species. μ-Nitrido diiron complexes can react with perfluorinated aromatics under oxidative conditions, while the strongest oxidizing enzymes cannot. Advanced spectroscopic, labeling, and reactivity studies have confirmed the involvement of high-valent diiron-oxo species in these catalytic reactions. Computational studies have shed light on the origin of the remarkable catalytic properties, distinguishing the Fe-N-Fe scaffold from Fe-C-Fe and Fe-O-Fe analogues. X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies assisted with DFT calculations allow deeper insight into the electronic structure of these particular complexes. Besides the novel chemistry involved, iron phthalocyanines are cheap and readily available in bulk quantities, suggesting high application potential. A variety of macrocyclic ligands can be used in combination with different transition metals to accommodate M-N-M platform and to tune their electronic and catalytic properties. The structural simplicity and flexibility of μ-nitrido dimers make them promising catalysts for many challenging reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Afanasiev
- Institut de Recherches sur
la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur
la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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15
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İşci Ü, Faponle AS, Afanasiev P, Albrieux F, Briois V, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Sorokin AB, de Visser SP. Site-selective formation of an iron(iv)-oxo species at the more electron-rich iron atom of heteroleptic μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5063-5075. [PMID: 30155008 PMCID: PMC6088558 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of MS and computation on μ-nitrido bridged diiron complexes reveals H2O2 binding to the complex and generates an oxidant capable of oxidizing methane.
Iron(iv)–oxo species have been identified as the active intermediates in key enzymatic processes, and their catalytic properties are strongly affected by the equatorial and axial ligands bound to the metal, but details of these effects are still unresolved. In our aim to create better and more efficient oxidants of H-atom abstraction reactions, we have investigated a unique heteroleptic diiron phthalocyanine complex. We propose a novel intramolecular approach to determine the structural features that govern the catalytic activity of iron(iv)–oxo sites. Heteroleptic μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine complexes having an unsubstituted phthalocyanine (Pc1) and a phthalocyanine ligand substituted with electron-withdrawing alkylsulfonyl groups (PcSO2R) were prepared and characterized. A reaction with terminal oxidants gives two isomeric iron(iv)–oxo and iron(iii)–hydroperoxo species with abundances dependent on the equatorial ligand. Cryospray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) characterized both hydroperoxo and diiron oxo species in the presence of H2O2. When m-CPBA was used as the oxidant, the formation of diiron oxo species (PcSO2R)FeNFe(Pc1)
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O was also evidenced. Sufficient amounts of these transient species were trapped in the quadrupole region of the mass-spectrometer and underwent a CID-MS/MS fragmentation. Analyses of fragmentation patterns indicated a preferential formation of hydroperoxo and oxo moieties at more electron-rich iron sites of both heteroleptic μ-nitrido complexes. DFT calculations show that both isomers are close in energy. However, the analysis of the iron(iii)–hydroperoxo bond strength reveals major differences for the (Pc1)FeN(PcSO2R)FeIIIOOH system as compared to (PcSO2R)FeN(Pc1)FeIIIOOH system, and, hence binding of a terminal oxidant will be preferentially on more electron-rich sides. Subsequent kinetics studies showed that these oxidants are able to even oxidize methane to formic acid efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 141, Gebze , 41400 Kocaeli , Turkey .
| | - Abayomi S Faponle
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , UK .
| | - Pavel Afanasiev
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) , UMR 5256 , CNRS-Université Lyon 1 , 2, av. A. Einstein , 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex , France .
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Centre Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse UMR 5246 , CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Université de Lyon , Bâtiment Curien , 43, bd du 11 Novembre , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - Valérie Briois
- Synchrotron Soleil , L'orme des merisiers, St-Aubin , 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 141, Gebze , 41400 Kocaeli , Turkey .
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 141, Gebze , 41400 Kocaeli , Turkey .
| | - Alexander B Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) , UMR 5256 , CNRS-Université Lyon 1 , 2, av. A. Einstein , 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex , France .
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , UK .
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