1
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Pal P, Mondal S, Chatterjee A, Saha R, Chakrabarty K, Das G. Mechanistic exploration of Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of benzamides with allyl bromide. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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2
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Revisited the mechanism of cobalt(III) catalyzed cyanation of arenes and heteroarenes: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Clough BA, Mountford P. Synthesis of Titanium Borylimido Compounds Supported by Diamide-Amine Ligands and Their Reactions with Alkynes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Clough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Mountford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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4
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Beccalli EM, Broggini G, Christodoulou MS, Giofrè S. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination and Hydroamination Reactions of Allenes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Sun Z, Wang Q, Xu Y, Wang Z. A computationally designed titanium-mediated amination of allylic alcohols for the synthesis of secondary allylamines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct amination on allylic alcohols under mild conditions was enlightened by computational investigations and implemented in secondary allylamines synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunming Sun
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Qingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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6
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Soriano E, Fernández I. Allenes and computational chemistry: from bonding situations to reaction mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3041-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Jin L, Wu Y, Zhao X. A novel non-insertive mechanism for neutral organozirconium-catalyzed aminoalkene hydroamination: Density functional theory survey. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Cheng C, Chen D, Wang Z. [3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement Versus [2+2] Cycloaddition: A DFT Investigation of Formal SN2′ Substitution of Imido Metal Complexes with Allylic Electrophiles. Chemistry 2012; 19:1204-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Uhe A, Hölscher M, Leitner W. Analysis of Potential Molecular Catalysts for the Hydroamination of Ethylene with Ammonia: A DFT Study with [Ir(PCP)] and [Ir(PSiP)] Complexes. Chemistry 2012; 19:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Schwarz AD, Onn CS, Mountford P. A Remarkable Switch from a Diamination to a Hydrohydrazination Catalyst and Observation of an Unprecedented Catalyst Resting State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Schwarz AD, Onn CS, Mountford P. A Remarkable Switch from a Diamination to a Hydrohydrazination Catalyst and Observation of an Unprecedented Catalyst Resting State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12298-302. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Patil NT, Kavthe RD, Shinde VS. Transition metal-catalyzed addition of C-, N- and O-nucleophiles to unactivated C–C multiple bonds. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mukherjee A, Sen TK, Ghorai PK, Samuel PP, Schulzke C, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl-based organozinc catalysts for intramolecular hydroamination reactions: a combined catalytic, kinetic, and mechanistic investigation of the catalytic cycle. Chemistry 2012; 18:10530-45. [PMID: 22807308 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two organozinc complexes that contain symmetrical phenalenyl (PLY)-based N,N-ligands. The reactions of phenalenyl-based ligands with ZnMe(2) led to the formation of organozinc complexes [N(Me),N(Me)-PLY]ZnMe (1) and [N(iPr),N(iPr)-PLY]ZnMe (2) under the evolution of methane. Both complexes (1 and 2) were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid-state structures of complexes 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 were used as catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated primary and secondary aminoalkenes. A combined approach of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations was utilized to obtain better insight into the mechanistic features of the zinc-catalyzed hydroamination reactions. The progress of the catalysis for primary and secondary aminoalkene substrates with catalyst 2 was investigated by detailed kinetic studies, including kinetic isotope effect measurements. These results suggested pseudo-first-order kinetics for both primary and secondary aminoalkene activation processes. Eyring and Arrhenius analyses for the cyclization of a model secondary aminoalkene substrate afforded ΔH(≠) =11.3 kcal mol(-1) , ΔS(≠) =-35.75 cal K(-1) mol(-1) , and E(a) =11.68 kcal mol(-1) . Complex 2 exhibited much-higher catalytic activity than complex 1 under identical reaction conditions. The in situ NMR experiments supported the formation of a catalytically active zinc cation and the DFT calculations showed that more active catalyst 2 generated a more stable cation. The stability of the catalytically active zinc cation was further supported by an in situ recycling procedure, thereby confirming the retention of catalytic activity of compound 2 for successive catalytic cycles. The DFT calculations showed that the preferred pathway for the zinc-catalyzed hydroamination reactions is alkene activation rather than the alternative amine-activation pathway. A detailed investigation with DFT methods emphasized that the remarkably higher catalytic efficiency of catalyst 2 originated from its superior stability and the facile formation of its cation compared to that derived from catalyst 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur-741252, India
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14
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Kefalidis CE, Tsipis CA. DFT study of the mechanism of hydroamination of ethylene with ammonia catalyzed by diplatinum(II) complexes: Inner- or outer-sphere? J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1689-700. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Kozuch S. A refinement of everyday thinking: the energetic span model for kinetic assessment of catalytic cycles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Tobisch S. Intramolecular Aminoalkene Hydroamination Mediated by a Tethered Bis(ureate)zirconium Complex: Computational Perusal of Various Pathways for Aminoalkene Activation. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:3786-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202753m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16
9ST, United Kingdom
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Li H, Wen M, Lu G, Wang ZX. Catalytic metal-free intramolecular hydroaminations of non-activated aminoalkenes: A computational exploration. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9091-100. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kozuch S, Shaik S. How to conceptualize catalytic cycles? The energetic span model. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:101-10. [PMID: 21067215 DOI: 10.1021/ar1000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1107] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A computational study of a catalytic cycle generates state energies (the E-representation), whereas experiments lead to rate constants (the k-representation). Based on transition state theory (TST), these are equivalent representations. Nevertheless, until recently, there has been no simple way to calculate the efficiency of a catalytic cycle, that is, its turnover frequency (TOF), from a theoretically obtained energy profile. In this Account, we introduce the energetic span model that enables one to evaluate TOFs in a straightforward manner and in affinity with the Curtin-Hammett principle. As shown herein, the model implies a change in our kinetic concepts. Analogous to Ohm's law, the catalytic chemical current (the TOF) can be defined by a chemical potential (independent of the mechanism) divided by a chemical resistance (dependent on the mechanism and the nature of the catalyst). This formulation is based on Eyring's TST and corresponds to a steady-state regime. In many catalytic cycles, only one transition state and one intermediate determine the TOF. We call them the TOF-determining transition state (TDTS) and the TOF-determining intermediate (TDI). These key states can be located, from among the many states available to a catalytic cycle, by assessing the degree of TOF control (X(TOF)); this last term resembles the structure-reactivity coefficient in classical physical organic chemistry. The TDTS-TDI energy difference and the reaction driving force define the energetic span (δE) of the cycle. Whenever the TDTS appears after the TDI, δE is the energy difference between these two states; when the opposite is true, we must also add the driving force to this difference. Having δE, the TOF is expressed simply in the Arrhenius-Eyring fashion, wherein δE serves as the apparent activation energy of the cycle. An important lesson from this model is that neither one transition state nor one reaction step possess all the kinetic information that determines the efficiency of a catalyst. Additionally, the TDI and TDTS are not necessarily the highest and lowest states, nor do they have to be adjoined as a single step. As such, we can conclude that a change in the conceptualization of catalytic cycles is in order: in catalysis, there are no rate-determining steps, but rather rate-determining states. We also include a study on the effect of reactant and product concentrations. In the energetic span approximation, only the reactants or products that are located between the TDI and TDTS accelerate or inhibit the reaction. In this manner, the energetic span model creates a direct link between experimental quantities and theoretical results. The versatility of the energetic span model is demonstrated with several catalytic cycles of organometallic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kozuch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Tobisch S. Mechanistic investigation of organolanthanide-mediated hydroamination of aminoallenes: A comprehensive computational assessment of various routes for allene activation. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:249-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Tobisch S. Mechanistic Investigation of Organolanthanide-Mediated Hydroamination of Conjugated Aminodienes: A Comprehensive Computational Assessment of Various Routes for Diene Activation. Chemistry 2010; 16:13814-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Beccalli EM, Bernasconi A, Borsini E, Broggini G, Rigamonti M, Zecchi G. Tunable Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization of Indole-2-carboxylic Acid Allenamides: Carboamination vs Microwave-Assisted Hydroamination. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6923-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101501u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egle M. Beccalli
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Bernasconi
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Borsini
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell’Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Micol Rigamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell’Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell’Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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Dub PA, Poli R. The Pt-Catalyzed Ethylene Hydroamination by Aniline: A Computational Investigation of the Catalytic Cycle. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13799-812. [PMID: 20822149 DOI: 10.1021/ja1051654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Dub
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, F-31077 Toulouse, France, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Institut Universitaire de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, F-31077 Toulouse, France, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Institut Universitaire de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
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Leitch D, Turner C, Schafer L. Isolation of Catalytic Intermediates in Hydroamination Reactions: Insertion of Internal Alkynes into a Zirconium-Amido Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Shen H, Xie Z. Atom-Economical Synthesis of N-Heterocycles via Cascade Inter-/Intramolecular C−N Bond-Forming Reactions Catalyzed by Ti Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11473-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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Leitch D, Turner C, Schafer L. Isolation of Catalytic Intermediates in Hydroamination Reactions: Insertion of Internal Alkynes into a Zirconium-Amido Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6382-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Uhe A, Hölscher M, Leitner W. A Computational Study of Rhodium Pincer Complexes with Classical and Nonclassical Hydride Centres as Catalysts for the Hydroamination of Ethylene with Ammonia. Chemistry 2010; 16:9203-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Tobisch S. Mechanistic Exploration of Intramolecular Aminodiene Hydroamination/Cyclisation Mediated by Constrained Geometry Organoactinide Complexes: A DFT Study. Chemistry 2010; 16:3441-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Taylor JG, Adrio LA, Hii KK(M. Hydroamination reactions by metal triflates: Brønsted acid vs. metal catalysis? Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1171-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b918970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Zi G, Zhang F, Xiang L, Chen Y, Fang W, Song H. Synthesis and characterization of group 4 metal amides with new C2-symmetric binaphthyldiamine-based ligands and their use as catalysts for asymmetric hydroamination/cyclization. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4048-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b923457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Hesp KD, Tobisch S, Stradiotto M. [Ir(COD)Cl]2 as a Catalyst Precursor for the Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Primary Amines and Secondary Alkyl- or Arylamines: A Combined Catalytic, Mechanistic, and Computational Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 132:413-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908316n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Hesp
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3, Canada, and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Tobisch
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3, Canada, and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3, Canada, and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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Petrisor CE, Gómez-Bengoa E, Royo E, Cuenca T. Amidosilylcyclopentadienyl Monoalkyl Zirconium Compounds: Evidence of a N-Assisted 1,3-Proton Shift Olefin Isomerization Mechanism. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Petrisor
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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