1
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Ghosh A, Conradie J. Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Low-Valent Carbon Species: A ∼6 eV Range of Ionization Potentials among Carbenes, Ylides, and Carbodiphosphoranes. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 3:92-95. [PMID: 37035281 PMCID: PMC10080723 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
High-quality density functional theory calculations underscore a nearly 6 eV range for the ionization potentials (IPs) of neutral, low-valent carbon compounds, including carbenes, ylides, and zero-valent carbon compounds (carbones) such as carbodiphosphoranes (CDPs) and carbodicarbenes. Thus, adiabatic IPs as low as 5.5 ± 0.1 eV are predicted for CDPs, which are about 0.7-1.2 eV lower than those of simple phosphorus and sulfur ylides. In contrast, the corresponding values for N-heterocyclic carbenes are about 8.0 eV while those for simple singlet carbenes such as dichlorocarbene and difluorocarbene range from about 9.0 eV to well over 11.0 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
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2
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Infrared spectrum of CF2+ cation in a solid argon matrix. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Fischer I, Pratt ST. Photoelectron spectroscopy in molecular physical chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1944-1959. [PMID: 35023533 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy has long been a powerful method in the toolbox of experimental physical chemistry and molecular physics. Recent improvements in coincidence methods, charged-particle imaging, and electron energy resolution have greatly expanded the variety of environments in which photoelectron spectroscopy can be applied, as well as the range of questions that can now be addressed. In this Perspectives Article, we focus on selected recent studies that highlight these advances and research areas. The topics include reactive intermediates and new thermochemical data, high-resolution comparisons of experiment and theory using methods based on pulsed-field ionisation (PFI), and the application of photoelectron spectroscopy as an analytical tool to monitor chemical reactions in complex environments, like model flames, catalytic or high-temperature reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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4
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Schio L, Alagia M, Toffoli D, Decleva P, Richter R, Schalk O, Thomas RD, Mucke M, Salvador F, Bertoch P, Benedetti D, Dri C, Cautero G, Sergo R, Stebel L, Vivoda D, Stranges S. Photoionization Dynamics of the Tetraoxo Complexes OsO 4 and RuO 4. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7274-7282. [PMID: 32343896 PMCID: PMC8007099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The
photoionization dynamics of OsO4 and RuO4, chosen
as model systems of small-size mononuclear heavy-metal complexes,
has been theoretically studied by the time-dependent density functional
theory (TDDFT). Accurate experimental measurements of photoionization
dynamics as a benchmarking test for the theory are reported for the
photoelectron asymmetry parameters of outer valence ionizations of
OsO4, measured in the 17–90 eV photon energy range.
The theoretical results are in good agreement with the available experimental
data. The observed dynamical behavior of partial cross sections and
asymmetry parameters has been related to both the coupling to the
continuum of discrete excited states, giving strong modulations in
the photon energy dependency, and the atomic composition of the initial
ionized states, which determines the rate of decay of ionization probability
for increasing excitation energies. Overall, an extensive analysis
of the photoionization dynamics for valence and core orbitals is presented,
showing good agreement with all the available experimental data. This
provides confidence for the validity of the TDDFT approach in describing
photoionization of heavy transition element compounds, with the perspective
of being used for larger systems. Further experimental work is suggested
for RuO4 to gather evidence of the sensitivity of the theoretical
method to the nature of the metal atom. In this work,
the time-dependent density functional theory
is used to calculate the photoionization dynamics of the valence and
core ionizations of OsO4 and RuO4 complexes,
which are chosen as model systems of small-size mononuclear heavy-metal
complexes. Accurate experimental measurements of the branching ratios
and photoelectron asymmetry parameters of outer valence ionizations
of OsO4 provide a sound benchmark of the computational
methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schio
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Alagia
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Oliver Schalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard D. Thomas
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Mucke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Federico Salvador
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Bertoch
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Benedetti
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Dri
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cautero
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rudi Sergo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Stebel
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Vivoda
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5, Area Science Park, Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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5
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Li G, Rudshteyn B, Shee J, Weber JL, Coskun D, Bochevarov AD, Friesner RA. Accurate Quantum Chemical Calculation of Ionization Potentials: Validation of the DFT-LOC Approach via a Large Data Set Obtained from Experiments and Benchmark Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2109-2123. [PMID: 32150400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is known to often fail when calculating thermodynamic values, such as ionization potentials (IPs), due to nondynamical error (i.e., the self-interaction term). Localized orbital corrections (LOCs), derived from assigning corresponding corrections for the atomic orbitals, bonds, and paired and unpaired electrons, are utilized to correct the IPs calculated from DFT. Some of the assigned parameters, which are physically due to the contraction of and change of the environment around a bond, depend on identifying the location in the molecule from which the electron is removed using differences in the charge density between neutral and oxidized species. In our training set, various small organic and inorganic molecules from the literature with the reported experimental IP were collected using the NIST database. For certain molecules with uncertain or no experimental measurements, we obtain the IP using coupled cluster theory and auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo. After applying these corrections, as generated by least-squares regression, LOC reduces the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the training set from 0.143 to 0.046 eV (R2 = 0.895), and LOC reduces the MAD of the test set from 0.192 to 0.097 eV (R2 = 0.833).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - John L Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dilek Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Richard A Friesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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6
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Dyke JM. Photoionization studies of reactive intermediates using synchrotron radiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9106-9136. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00623k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization with synchrotron radiation enables sensitive and selective monitoring of reactive intermediates in environments such as flames and plasmas.
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7
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Schio L, Alagia M, Dias AA, Falcinelli S, Zhaunerchyk V, Lee EPF, Mok DKW, Dyke JM, Stranges S. A Study of H2O2 with Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy (TPES) and Electronic Structure Calculations: Redetermination of the First Adiabatic Ionization Energy (AIE). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5220-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schio
- IOM-CNR Tasc Laboratory, SS-14,
Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Alagia
- IOM-CNR Tasc Laboratory, SS-14,
Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio A. Dias
- LIBPhys-UNL,
Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation
Physics, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Stefano Falcinelli
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile ed Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vitali Zhaunerchyk
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edmond P. F. Lee
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel K. W. Mok
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - John M. Dyke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM-CNR Tasc Laboratory, SS-14,
Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Sun E, Ren T, Shan S, Liu Q, Xu H, Yan B. Multireference configuration interaction study of dichlorocarbene. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Parkes MA, Simpson MJ, Mikhailov V, Tuckett RP. The kinetics and product state distributions from gas-phase reactions of small atomic and molecular cations with C2H4, C2H3F, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2HF3 and C2F4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3726-38. [PMID: 24418988 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54881c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of twenty one gas-phase cations with C2H3F, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2HF3 and C2F4 have been studied in a selected ion flow tube at 298 K. The cations are both atomic and molecular with recombination energies in the range 6-22 eV, and the kinetics and branching ratios into product ions are revealed for all the reactions. These data, together with that from an earlier study of reactions of C(x)F(y)(+) with these four fluorinated ethenes (J. Phys. Chem. A., 2012, 116, 8119), are compared with the reactions of these ions with C2H4, where available. Nearly all the reactions have a rate coefficient close to the collisional value calculated by either Langevin or modified average dipole orientation theories. The products of the reactions of N(+) and N2(+) with C2H4 are found to be anomalous, compared to their reactions with the four fluorinated ethenes. The branching ratios into product cations are compared with those from a high resolution (ca. 0.002 eV) photoionisation (hν = 10-22 eV) study of C2H3F, 1,1-C2H2F2, C2HF3 and C2F4 (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14, 3935) in order to gauge the importance of electron transfer in ion-molecule reactions. The higher the recombination energy of the cation, the better the agreement between the two sets of product branching ratios. Where there is disagreement at lower recombination energies, it appears that there is more fragmentation of the products in the photoionisation experiment compared to the ion-molecule reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Parkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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10
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Harvey J, Tuckett RP, Bodi A. A Halomethane Thermochemical Network from iPEPICO Experiments and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9696-705. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonelle Harvey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Richard P. Tuckett
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Andras Bodi
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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11
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Simpson MJ, Tuckett RP. Selected ion flow tube study of the gas-phase reactions of CF+, CF2+, CF3+, and C2F4+ with C2H4, C2H3F, CH2CF2, and C2HF3. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8119-29. [PMID: 22794352 DOI: 10.1021/jp304768n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We study how the degree of fluorine substitution for hydrogen atoms in ethene affects its reactivity in the gas phase. The reactions of a series of small fluorocarbon cations (CF(+), CF(2)(+), CF(3)(+), and C(2)F(4)(+)) with ethene (C(2)H(4)), monofluoroethene (C(2)H(3)F), 1,1-difluoroethene (CH(2)CF(2)), and trifluoroethene (C(2)HF(3)) have been studied in a selected ion flow tube. Rate coefficients and product cations with their branching ratios were determined at 298 K. Because the recombination energy of CF(2)(+) exceeds the ionization energy of all four substituted ethenes, the reactions of this ion produce predominantly the products of nondissociative charge transfer. With their lower recombination energies, charge transfer in the reactions of CF(+), CF(3)(+), and C(2)F(4)(+) is always endothermic, so products can only be produced by reactions in which bonds form and break within a complex. The trends observed in the results of the reactions of CF(+) and CF(3)(+) may partially be explained by the changing value of the dipole moment of the three fluoroethenes, where the cation preferentially attacks the more nucleophilic part of the molecule. Reactions of CF(3)(+) and C(2)F(4)(+) are significantly slower than those of CF(+) and CF(2)(+), with adducts being formed with the former cations. The reactions of C(2)F(4)(+) with the four neutral titled molecules are complex, giving a range of products. All can be characterized by a common first step in the mechanism in which a four-carbon chain intermediate is formed. Thereafter, arrow-pushing mechanisms as used by organic chemists can explain a number of the different products. Using the stationary electron convention, an upper limit for Δ(f)H°(298)(C(3)F(2)H(3)(+), with structure CF(2)═CH-CH(2)(+)) of 628 kJ mol(-1) and a lower limit for Δ(f)H°(298)(C(2)F(2)H(+), with structure CF(2)═CH(+)) of 845 kJ mol(-1) are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Simpson
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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12
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Harvey J, Bodi A, Tuckett RP, Sztáray B. Dissociation dynamics of fluorinated ethene cations: from time bombs on a molecular level to double-regime dissociators. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3935-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Dyke J. Photoionization Studies of Reactive Intermediates of Importance in the Atmosphere. CHEMISTRY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8650-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Eypper M, Innocenti F, Morris A, Dyke JM, Stranges S, West JB, King GC. Photoionization of iodine atoms: angular distributions and relative partial photoionization cross-sections in the energy region 11.0-23.0 eV. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:084302. [PMID: 20815564 DOI: 10.1063/1.3469798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative partial photoionization cross-sections and angular distribution parameters, beta, have been measured for the first, I(+)((3)P(2))<--I((2)P(3/2)), and fourth, I(+)((1)D(2))<--I((2)P(3/2)), (5p)(-1) photoelectron (PE) bands of atomic iodine, by performing angle-resolved constant-ionic-state (CIS) measurements on these PE bands in the photon energy range 11.0-23.0 eV. Three Rydberg series, two ns and one nd series, which converge to the I(+) (3)P(1) limit at 11.33 eV and four Rydberg series, two ns and two nd series, which converge to the I(+) (1)D(2) limit at 12.15 eV were observed in the first PE band CIS spectra. The fourth band CIS spectrum showed structure in the 12.9-14.1 eV photon energy range, which is also seen in the first band CIS spectra. This structure arises from excitation to ns and nd Rydberg states that are parts of series converging to the I(+) (1)S(0) limit we reported on earlier, as well as 5s-->5p excitations in the photon energy range 17.5-22.5 eV. These atomic iodine CIS spectra show reasonably good agreement with the equivalent spectra obtained for atomic bromine. The beta-plots for the first PE band recorded up to the I(+) (3)P(1) and I(+) (1)D(2) limits only show resonances corresponding to some of the 5p-->nd excitations observed in the first band CIS spectra scanned to the I(+) (1)D(2) limit (12.15 eV). These plots are interpreted in terms of an angular momentum transfer model with the positive values of beta obtained on resonances corresponding to parity allowed j(t)=1 and 3 channels and the off-resonance negative beta values corresponding to parity unfavored channels, where j(t) is the quantum number for angular momentum transfer between the molecule, and the ion and photoelectron. The beta-plots recorded for iodine are significantly different from those obtained for atomic bromine. Comparison of the experimental CIS spectra and beta-plots with available theoretical results highlights the need for higher level calculations which include factors such as configuration interaction in the initial and final states, relativistic effects including spin-orbit interaction, and autoionization via resonant Rydberg states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Eypper
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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15
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Eypper M, Innocenti F, Morris A, Stranges S, West JB, King GC, Dyke JM. Photoionization of iodine atoms: Rydberg series which converge to the I+(S10)←I(P23/2) threshold. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:244304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3447382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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16
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Copeland G, Lee EPF, Dyke JM, Chow WK, Mok DKW, Chau FT. Study of 2-H-Heptafluoropropane and Its Thermal Decomposition Using UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3540-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Copeland
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - E. P. F. Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - J. M. Dyke
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - W. K. Chow
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - D. K. W. Mok
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - F. T. Chau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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17
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Copeland G, Lee EPF, Dyke JM, Chow WK, Mok DKW, Chau FT. Study of Pentafluoroethane and its Thermal Decomposition Using UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:1816-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909681s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Copeland
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - E. P. F. Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - J. M. Dyke
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - W. K. Chow
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - D. K. W. Mok
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - F. T. Chau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and
- Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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