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Tamrakar A, Wani MA, Mishra G, Srivastava A, Pandey R, Pandey MD. Advancements in the development of fluorescent chemosensors based on CN bond isomerization/modulation mechanistic approaches. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2198-2228. [PMID: 38567418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02321d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The CN bond isomerization/modulation as a fluorescence signalling mechanism was explored by studying the photophysical properties of conformationally restricted molecules. From the beginning, the CN bond isomerization method has attracted the attention of researchers owing to its simplicity, high selectivity, and sensitivity in fluorescence evaluation. Continuous developments in the field of sensing using CN bond-containing compounds have been achieved via the customization of the isomerization process around the CN bond in numerous ways, and the results were obtained in the form of specific discrete photophysical changes. CN isomerization causes significant fluorescence enhancement in response to detected metal cations and other reactive species (Cys, Hys, ClO-, etc.) straightforwardly and effectively. This review sheds light on the process of CN bond isomerization/modulation as a signalling mechanism depending on fluorescence changes via conformational restriction. In addition, CN bond isomerization-based fluorescent sensors have yet to be well reviewed, although several fluorescent sensors based on this signalling mechanism have been reported. Therefore, CN-based fluorescent sensors are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpna Tamrakar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, UP-221005, India.
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, UP-221005, India.
| | - Gargi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, UP-221005, India.
| | - Ankur Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, UP-221005, India.
| | - Rampal Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, UK-246174, India.
| | - Mrituanjay D Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, UP-221005, India.
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Avagyan NA, Lemport PS, Roznyatovsky VA, Evsiunina MV, Matveev PI, Gerasimov MA, Lyssenko KA, Goncharenko VE, Khrustalev VN, Dorovatovskii PV, Tarasevich BN, Yakushev AA, Averin AD, Gloriozov IP, Petrov VG, Ustynyuk YA, Nenajdenko VG. 4-Oxo-7-fluoro-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamides: Synthesis, Structural Features, Lanthanide Complexes, and Am(III)/Ln(III) Solvent Extraction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17721-17735. [PMID: 37847197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthetic approach was developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamides with two different substituents in the fourth and seventh positions of the phenanthroline core. The structures of these ligands were confirmed using various spectral methods including 2D-NMR and X-ray analysis. Quantum chemical calculations supported the presence of tautomeric forms of these ligands. Furthermore, it was discovered that these compounds exhibit polydentate ligand behavior toward lanthanide nitrates. The structural characteristics of the complexes formed between these ligands and lanthanide nitrates were investigated both in the solid state and in solution. To further understand the binding properties of these novel unsymmetrical ligands, the binding constants for potential complexes were quantitatively measured by using UV-vis spectrophotometric titration. This allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the binding affinity and stability of these complexes. Extraction experiments of f-elements were performed for symmetrical and unsymmetrical diamides. Overall, this study presents significant advancement in the synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrical 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamides and provides valuable insights into their potential applications as polydentate ligands for lanthanide nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nane A Avagyan
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel S Lemport
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mariia V Evsiunina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Petr I Matveev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Gerasimov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria E Goncharenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 115419, Russia
| | | | - Boris N Tarasevich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei A Yakushev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei D Averin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri A Ustynyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Lemport PS, Petrov VS, Matveev PI, Leksina UM, Roznyatovsky VA, Gloriozov IP, Yatsenko AV, Tafeenko VA, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Budylin GS, Shirshin EA, Markov VY, Goryunkov AA, Petrov VG, Ustynyuk YA, Nenajdenko VG. First 24-Membered Macrocyclic 1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-Diamides-An Efficient Switch from Acidic to Alkaline Extraction of f-Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10261. [PMID: 37373410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A reaction of acyl chlorides derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acids with piperazine allows the preparation of the corresponding 24-membered macrocycles in good yield. The structural and spectral properties of these new macrocyclic ligands were thoroughly investigated, revealing promising coordination properties towards f-elements (Am, Eu). It was shown that the prepared ligands can be used for selective extraction of Am(III) from alkaline-carbonate media in presence of Eu(III) with an SFAm/Eu up to 40. Their extraction efficiency is higher than calixarene-type extraction of the Am(III) and Eu(III) pair. Composition of macrocycle-metal complex with Eu(III) was investigated by luminescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The possibility of such ligands to form complexes of L:Eu = 1:2 stoichiometry is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Lemport
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine S Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Petr I Matveev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Uliana M Leksina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Yatsenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Viktor N Khrustalev
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 115419, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Yu Markov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri A Ustynyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Zubenko AD, Fedorova OA. Aromatic and heteroaromatic azacrown compounds: advantages and disadvantages of rigid macrocyclic ligands. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic azamacrocycles and their derivatives are summarized and systematized. The relationship between the structure of azacrown compounds and their complexation behaviour towards metal cations is analyzed. The diversity of practical applications of azamacrocyclic derivatives in medicine, biology and analytical and organic chemistry, as well as for the design of molecular devices is demonstrated.
The bibliography includes 307 references.
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Conti L, Giorgi C, Valtancoli B, Paoli P, Rossi P, Marchionni A, Faggi E, Bencini A. Switching on the Fluorescence Emission of Polypyridine Ligands by Simultaneous Zinc(II) Binding and Protonation. Chempluschem 2020; 85:659-671. [PMID: 32237220 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the two new open-chain ligands 1,15-bis-[6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)]-2,5,8,11,14-pentaaza-octadecane (L1) and 1,15-bis-[2-(1,10-phenanthroline)-9-methyl]-2,5,8,11,14-pentaazaoctadecane (L2), both featuring a tetraethylenpentaamine chain linking via methylene bridges the 6 and 2 positions of two identical 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy) and 9-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (9-methyl-phen) moieties respectively, are reported. Their protonation and binding ability for Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Cd2+ and Pb2+ have been studied by coupling potentiometric titrations with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission measurements in water. L1 and L2 afford stable mono- and dinuclear complexes, in which the metal ion is bound by a single bpy or 9-methyl-phen unit and the amine groups on the aliphatic chain. However, L1 displays a greater binding ability for Cu2+ and Zn2+ with respect to L2, the stability constants of the [ML1]2+ complexes being 21.8 (Cu2+ ) and 19.4 (Zn2+ ) log units vs 20.34 and 16.8 log. units for the corresponding L2 species. Among all the metal ions tested, only the Zn2+ complex with L2 features an enhanced fluorescence emission at neutral pH, thanks to the simultaneous binding of one Zn2+ ion and H+ ion(s), that inhibits any possible photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from the amine donors to the excited phen moiety. Binding of a second metal switches off the emission again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchionni
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM_CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Enrico Faggi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Stabilization of Supramolecular Networks of Polyiodides with Protonated Small Tetra-azacyclophanes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyiodide chemistry is among the first historically reported examples of supramolecular forces at work. To date, owing to the increasingly recognized role of halogen bonding and the incorporation of iodine-based components in several devices, it remains an active field of theoretical and applied research. Herein we re-examine azacyclophanes as a class of ligands for the stabilization of iodine-dense three-dimensional networks, showing how we devised novel possible strategies starting from literature material. The new set of azacyclophane ligands affords novel crystal structures possessing intriguing properties, which develop on a double layer. At a macroscopic level, the obtained networks possess a very high iodine packing density (less than 2 times more diluted than crystalline I2): a simple parameter, IN, is also introduced to quickly measure and compare iodine packing density in different crystals. On the microscopic level, the present study provides evidence about the ability of one of the ligands to act as a three-dimensional supramolecular mold for the template synthesis of the rarely observed heptaiodide (I7−) anion. Therefore, we believe our approach and strategy might be relevant for crystal engineering purposes.
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Study on the Photoluminescent and Thermal Properties of Zinc Complexes with a N₆O₄ Macrocyclic Ligand. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071735. [PMID: 30012984 PMCID: PMC6100202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions between a N6O4 macrocyclic ligand (L1) and several Zn(II) salts (trifluoromethane sulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, acetate, benzoate, o-, m- or p-hydroxybenzoate) led to the formation of seven complexes, [Zn2L1 (DMSO)4](OSO2CF3)4 (1), [Zn2(p-OSO2PhCH3)4L1] (2), [Zn2(OCOCH3)4L1] (3), [Zn2(OCOPh)4L1] (4), [Zn2(o-OCOPhOH)4L1] (5), [Zn2(m-OCOPhOH)4 L1] (6) and [Zn2(p-OCOPhOH)4 L1] (7), which were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, fluorescence spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, the Zn atom is pentacoordinated with a N3O2 irregular trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment, like the geometries in compounds 3–7, whereas in structure 2 the metal atom is envisaged as possessing a distorted N3O3 octahedronal environment. All the compounds show interesting photoluminescent properties in solid states and solutions in DMF and DMSO, which are reported along with their TG-DTA thermal decomposition processes, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence quantum yields in DMF and DMSO.
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González-García J, Martínez-Camarena À, Verdejo B, Clares MP, Soriano C, García-España E, Jiménez HR, Doménech-Carbó A, Tejero R, Calvo E, Briansó-Llort L, Serena C, Trefler S, Garcia-España A. Oxidative stress protection by manganese complexes of tail-tied aza-scorpiand ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:230-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alreja P, Kaur N. Recent advances in 1,10-phenanthroline ligands for chemosensing of cations and anions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review encompasses and highlights recent developments of 1,10-phenanthroline ligands behaving as a customized moiety used in recognition and sensing of cations and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Alreja
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
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Abel AS, Mitrofanov AY, Rousselin Y, Denat F, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Averin AD, Beletskaya IP. Ditopic Macrocyclic Receptors with a 4,7-Diamino-1,10-phenanthroline Fragment for Multimodal Detection of Toxic Metal Ions. Chempluschem 2015; 81:35-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton S. Abel
- ICMUB, UMR6302 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9 avenue A. Savary 21000 Dijon France
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1-3 Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Mitrofanov
- ICMUB, UMR6302 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9 avenue A. Savary 21000 Dijon France
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1-3 Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- ICMUB, UMR6302 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9 avenue A. Savary 21000 Dijon France
| | - Franck Denat
- ICMUB, UMR6302 CNRS; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; 9 avenue A. Savary 21000 Dijon France
| | | | - Alexei D. Averin
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1-3 Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Irina P. Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1-3 Leninskie gory Moscow 119991 Russia
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Fletcher JT, Bruck BS. Spermine detection via metal-mediated ethynylarene 'turn-on' fluorescence signaling. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2015; 207:843-848. [PMID: 25530671 PMCID: PMC4268775 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A dicarboxylated ethynylarene was shown to behave as a fluorescent chemosensor for millimolar concentrations of polyamines when mixed with Cd(II), Pb(II) or Zn(II) ions at micromolar concentrations. A bathochromic shift and intensification of fluorescence emission was observed with increasing amounts of metal ion in the presence of aqueous polyamines buffered at pH = 7.6. Such perturbations manifested as 'turn-on' signals from a ratiometric comparison of emission intensities at 390 nm versus 340 nm. Using Pb(II) as the metal mediator, spermine was selectively detected as a 40-fold signal enhancement relative to spermidine, putrescine, cadaverine and several other non-biogenic diamines. Evaluation of additional triamine and tetraamine analytes showed the influence that amine group quantity and spacing had on signal generation. By increasing the ratio of Pb(II) relative to ethynylarene, the detection limit for spermine was successfully lowered to a 25 micromolar level. Noncovalent association between ethynylarene, metal ion and polyamine are believed to promote the observed spectroscopic changes. This study exploits the subtle impact that polyamine structural identity has on transition metal chelation to define a new approach towards polyamine chemosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Brent S. Bruck
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Vacca A, Francesconi O, Roelens S. BC(50): a generalized, unifying affinity descriptor. CHEM REC 2012; 12:544-66. [PMID: 23001996 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Assessing binding affinities is an unavoidable step that we come across any time interactions between binding species are investigated. A quantitative evaluation of binding affinities relies on the determination of binding constants but, whilst the binding constant fully defines the affinity of a reagent for a ligand when only one complex species is formed, the same is not true when the interacting partners form more than one complex of different stoichiometry, because all complexes contribute to the overall binding affinity. Unfortunately, this situation is the rule rather than the exception in chemical systems, but a generally accepted solution for this issue has not yet been settled. In this Personal Account, we describe the evolution, from the initial idea to a fully developed stage, of a binding descriptor that has been developed with the aim of filling this gap, thereby providing scientists in all fields of chemistry with a unifying tool for the assessment of binding affinities based on the knowledge of the binding constants in systems that involve any number of complex species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vacca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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13
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Formica M, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Micheloni M. New fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions in solution. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bencini A, Lippolis V. Probing biologically and environmentally important metal ions with fluorescent chemosensors: Thermodynamic versus optical response selectivity in some study cases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Giorgi C, Clares MP, García-España E. Addressing selectivity criteria in binding equilibria. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Gonzalez J, Gavara R, Gadea O, Blasco S, García-España E, Pina F. Kinetics of Zn2+ complexation by a ditopic phenanthroline-azamacrocyclic scorpiand-like receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1994-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Properties of Metal Complexes of a New Dioxadiaza Macrocycle Containing a Dibenzofuran Unit and Acetate Pendant Arms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nuñez C, Fernandez-Lodeiro J, Dinis M, Larguinho M, Capelo JL, Lodeiro C. Synthesis and photophysical studies of two luminescent chemosensors based on catechol and 8-Hydroxyquinoline chromophores, and their complexes with group 13 metal ions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jung HS, Ko KC, Lee JH, Kim SH, Bhuniya S, Lee JY, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Kim JS. Rationally designed fluorescence turn-on sensors: a new design strategy based on orbital control. Inorg Chem 2011; 49:8552-7. [PMID: 20734993 DOI: 10.1021/ic101165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we explore a new strategy in the chemo-sensor field for fluorescence amplification upon binding with metal ions based on controlled participation of the nitrogen lone pair orbital. The basic architecture of the sensor entails a fluorophore, the sp(2) hybridized nitrogen lone pair (-C═N-), and a chelator site referred to as the control part. Though nonplanar and nonfluorescent, compound IC1 achieved pseudo planarity from binding with Zn(2+) as indicated by the increased fluorescence signal. Its other analogue (IC2) is also planar, and unlike IC1-Zn(2+) was fluorescent with a lack of binding affinity to metal ions. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations revealed that the fluorescence amplification was due to the blocking of the nitrogen lone pair orbital; unlikely geometrical rearrangements were insignificant. This could indicate a breakthrough concept in the future design of fluorescent turn-on sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-704, Korea
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Hall NA, Duboc C, Collomb MN, Deronzier A, Blackman AG. Factors influencing mononuclear versus multinuclear coordination in a series of potentially hexadentate acyclic N6 ligands: the roles of flexibility and chelate ring size. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12075-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bencini A, Lippolis V. 1,10-Phenanthroline: A versatile building block for the construction of ligands for various purposes. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bazzicalupi C, Biagini S, Bianchi A, Faggi E, Gratteri P, Mariani P, Pina F, Valtancoli B. Binding of H+ and Zn(ii) ions with a new fluorescent macrocyclic phenanthrolinophane. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10128-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lodeiro C, Capelo JL, Mejuto JC, Oliveira E, Santos HM, Pedras B, Nuñez C. Light and colour as analytical detection tools: A journey into the periodic table using polyamines to bio-inspired systems as chemosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2948-76. [DOI: 10.1039/b819787n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Ciattini S, Denat F, Désogère P, Goze C, Matera I, Valtancoli B. Proton and metal binding by cyclen-based highly rigid cryptands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11643-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Biagini S, Faggi E, Meini S, Giorgi C, Spepi A, Valtancoli B. Exploring the binding ability of phenanthroline-based polyammonium receptors for anions: hints for design of selective chemosensors for nucleotides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7349-63. [PMID: 19743804 DOI: 10.1021/jo901423m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of receptor 2,6,10,14,18-pentaaza[20]-21,34-phenanthrolinophane (L1), containing a pentaamine chain linking the 2,9 positions of a phenanthroline unit, is reported. The protonation features of L1 and of receptor 2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaaza[23]-24,37-phenanthrolinophane (L2) have been studied by means of potentiometric, (1)H NMR, and spectrofluorimetric measurements; this study points out that the fluorescent emission of both receptors depends on the protonation state of the polyamine chain. In fact, the receptors are emissive only at neutral or acidic pH values, where all the aliphatic amine groups are protonated. Potentiometric titrations show that L2 is able to bind selectively ATP over TTP, CTP, and GTP. This selectivity is lost in the case of L1. (1)H and (31)P NMR measurements and molecular mechanics calculations show that the phosphate chains of nucleotides give strong electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the ammonium groups of the protonated receptors, while the nucleobases interact either via pi-stacking with phenanthroline or via hydrogen bonding with the ammonium groups. Of note, MM calculations suggest that all nucleotides interact in an inclusive fashion. In fact, in all adducts the phosphate chain is enclosed within the receptor cavities. This structural feature is confirmed by the crystal structure of the [(H(6)L2)(2)(TTP)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](4+) adduct. Fluorescence emission measurements at different pH values show that L2 is also able to ratiometrically sense ATP in a narrow pH range, thanks to emission quenching due to a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from an amine group of the receptor to the excited phenanthroline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bazzicalupi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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