1
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Li Y, Shi H, Yin G. Synthetic techniques for thermodynamically disfavoured substituted six-membered rings. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:535-550. [PMID: 38822206 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Six-membered rings are ubiquitous structural motifs in bioactive compounds and multifunctional materials. Notably, their thermodynamically disfavoured isomers, like disubstituted cyclohexanes featuring one substituent in an equatorial position and the other in an axial position, often exhibit enhanced physical and biological activities in comparison with their opposite isomers. However, the synthesis of thermodynamically disfavoured isomers is, by its nature, challenging, with only a limited number of possible approaches. In this Review, we summarize and compare synthetic methodologies that produce substituted six-membered rings with thermodynamically disfavoured substitution patterns. We place particular emphasis on elucidating the crucial stereoinduction factors within each transformation. Our aim is to stimulate interest in the synthesis of these unique structures, while simultaneously providing synthetic chemists with a guide to approaching this synthetic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Anwar K, Capaldo L, Wan T, Noël T, Gómez-Suárez A. Modular synthesis of congested β 2,2-amino acids via the merger of photocatalysis and oxidative functionalisations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1456-1459. [PMID: 38223935 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A two-step protocol for the modular synthesis of β2- and α-quaternary β2,2-amino acid derivatives is reported. The key steps are a photocatalytic hydroalkylation reaction, followed by an oxidative functionalisation to access N-protected β-amino acids, esters, and amides. This strategy can be effectively scaled up via continuous-flow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Anwar
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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3
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Direct Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Aliphatic C-H Bonds Elaboration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1875-1924. [PMID: 34355884 PMCID: PMC8796199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Direct photocatalyzed
hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) can be considered
a method of choice for the elaboration of
aliphatic C–H bonds. In this manifold, a photocatalyst (PCHAT) exploits the energy of a photon to trigger the homolytic
cleavage of such bonds in organic compounds. Selective C–H
bond elaboration may be achieved by a judicious choice of the hydrogen
abstractor (key parameters are the electronic character and the molecular
structure), as well as reaction additives. Different are the classes
of PCsHAT available, including aromatic ketones, xanthene
dyes (Eosin Y), polyoxometalates, uranyl salts, a metal-oxo porphyrin
and a tris(amino)cyclopropenium radical dication. The processes (mainly
C–C bond formation) are in most cases carried out under mild
conditions with the help of visible light. The aim of this review
is to offer a comprehensive survey of the synthetic applications of
photocatalyzed d-HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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4
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Prieto A, Taillefer M. Visible-Light Decatungstate/Disulfide Dual Catalysis for the Hydro-Functionalization of Styrenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1484-1488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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5
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Govaerts S, Nyuchev A, Noel T. Pushing the boundaries of C–H bond functionalization chemistry using flow technology. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC–H functionalization chemistry is one of the most vibrant research areas within synthetic organic chemistry. While most researchers focus on the development of small-scale batch-type transformations, more recently such transformations have been carried out in flow reactors to explore new chemical space, to boost reactivity or to enable scalability of this important reaction class. Herein, an up-to-date overview of C–H bond functionalization reactions carried out in continuous-flow microreactors is presented. A comprehensive overview of reactions which establish the formal conversion of a C–H bond into carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds is provided; this includes metal-assisted C–H bond cleavages, hydrogen atom transfer reactions and C–H bond functionalizations which involve an SE-type process to aromatic or olefinic systems. Particular focus is devoted to showcase the advantages of flow processing to enhance C–H bond functionalization chemistry. Consequently, it is our hope that this review will serve as a guide to inspire researchers to push the boundaries of C–H functionalization chemistry using flow technology.
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6
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Chen Z, Rong MY, Nie J, Zhu XF, Shi BF, Ma JA. Catalytic alkylation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4921-4942. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advancements in catalytic direct transformation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds into C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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7
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Fu J, Ren Z, Bacsa J, Musaev DG, Davies HML. Desymmetrization of cyclohexanes by site- and stereoselective C-H functionalization. Nature 2018; 564:395-399. [PMID: 30568203 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds have long been considered unreactive and are inert to traditional chemical reagents, yet new methods for the transformation of these bonds are continually being developed1-9. However, it is challenging to achieve such transformations in a highly selective manner, especially if the C-H bonds are unactivated10 or not adjacent to a directing group11-13. Catalyst-controlled site-selectivity-in which the inherent reactivities of the substrates14 can be overcome by choosing an appropriate catalyst-is an appealing concept, and substantial effort has been made towards catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization6,15-17, in particular methylene C-H bond functionalization. However, although several new methods have targeted these bonds in cyclic alkanes, the selectivity has been relatively poor18-20. Here we illustrate an additional level of sophistication in catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization, whereby unactivated cyclohexane derivatives can be desymmetrized in a highly site- and stereoselective manner through donor/acceptor carbene insertion. These studies demonstrate the potential of catalyst-controlled site-selectivity to govern which C-H bond will react, which could enable new strategies for the production of fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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8
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Fukuyama T, Yamada K, Nishikawa T, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Ryu I. Site-selectivity in TBADT-photocatalyzed C(sp3)–H Functionalization of Saturated Alcohols and Alkanes. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Davide Ravelli
- Photo Green Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Photo Green Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Illhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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9
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Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Fukuyama T, Nishikawa T, Ryu I. Site-Selective C–H Functionalization by Decatungstate Anion Photocatalysis: Synergistic Control by Polar and Steric Effects Expands the Reaction Scope. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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10
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Yamada K, Fukuyama T, Fujii S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Ryu I. Cooperative Polar/Steric Strategy in Achieving Site-Selective Photocatalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization. Chemistry 2017; 23:8615-8618. [PMID: 28466481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic control over the SH 2 transition states of hydrogen abstraction exploiting polar and steric effects provides a promising cooperative strategy for site-selective C(sp3 )-H functionalization using decatungstate anion photocatalysis. By using this photocatalytic approach, the C-H bonds of substituted lactones and cyclic ketones were functionalized selectively. In the remarkable case of 2-isoamyl 4-tert-butyl cyclohexanone (1 t) bearing five methyl, five methylene, and three methine C-H bonds, one methine C-H bond in the isoamyl tether was selectively functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Saki Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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11
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Bonassi F, Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Decatungstate Photocatalyzed Acylations and Alkylations in Flow viaHydrogen Atom Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Duret G, Quinlan R, Bisseret P, Blanchard N. Boron chemistry in a new light. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5366-5382. [PMID: 28717443 PMCID: PMC5502392 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02207j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis has recently opened up new avenues for the generation of radical species under visible light irradiation conditions. A particularly fascinating class of photocatalyzed transformations relies on the activation of stable boron species with visible-light since it allows the creation of boryl and/or carbon radicals through single electron transfer or energy transfer without the need for specific and costly equipment. This new paradigm has found numerous applications in synthetic organic chemistry, catalysis, and macromolecular chemistry. In this minireview, the concepts underlying photoactivation of boron-species as well as applications to the creation of C-H, C-C, C-O, B-C and B-S bond are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Duret
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS UMR 7509 , ECPM , 25 rue Becquerel , 67087 Strasbourg , France . ;
| | - Robert Quinlan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS UMR 7509 , ECPM , 25 rue Becquerel , 67087 Strasbourg , France . ;
| | - Philippe Bisseret
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS UMR 7509 , ECPM , 25 rue Becquerel , 67087 Strasbourg , France . ;
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS UMR 7509 , ECPM , 25 rue Becquerel , 67087 Strasbourg , France . ;
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13
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Zhang HB, Wang Y, Gu Y, Xu PF. Lewis- and Brønsted-acid cooperative catalytic radical coupling of aldehydes and azodicarboxylate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Okada M, Fukuyama T, Yamada K, Ryu I, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Sunlight photocatalyzed regioselective β-alkylation and acylation of cyclopentanones. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible light induced direct β-C–H/C–C conversion of cyclopentanones was accomplished by using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate, TBADT, as the photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Okada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai, Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai, Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai, Japan
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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16
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Ryu I, Tani A, Fukuyama T, Ravelli D, Montanaro S, Fagnoni M. Efficient C–H/C–N and C–H/C–CO–N Conversion via Decatungstate-Photoinduced Alkylation of Diisopropyl Azodicarboxylate. Org Lett 2013; 15:2554-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401061v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Akihiro Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Montanaro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, and PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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17
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Molinari A, Maldotti A, Bratovcic A, Magnacca G. Photocatalytic properties of sodium decatungstate supported on sol–gel silica in the oxidation of glycerol. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Ravelli D, Montanaro S, Tomasi C, Galinetto P, Quartarone E, Merli D, Mustarelli P, Fagnoni M. One-Step Decatungstate-Photomediated PEGylation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Ravelli D, Montanaro S, Zema M, Fagnoni M, Albini A. A Tin-Free, Radical Photocatalyzed Addition to Vinyl Sulfones. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Parvulescu VI, Garcia H. Photocatalysis in green chemistry and destruction of very toxic compounds. CATALYSIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849732772-00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasile I. Parvulescu
- University of Bucharest Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Technology and Catalysis, Bd. Regina Elisabeta 4–12 030018 Bucharest Romania
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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21
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Ryu I, Tani A, Fukuyama T, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Albini A. Atom-Economical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ketones through Photocatalyzed CH Activation of Alkanes and Coupling with CO and Electrophilic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1869-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Ryu I, Tani A, Fukuyama T, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Albini A. Atom-Economical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ketones through Photocatalyzed CH Activation of Alkanes and Coupling with CO and Electrophilic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Jahn U. Radicals in transition metal catalyzed reactions? transition metal catalyzed radical reactions? a fruitful interplay anyway: part 1. Radical catalysis by group 4 to group 7 elements. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 320:121-89. [PMID: 22025066 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of radical-based transition metal catalyzed reactions in organic chemistry. The underlying features of radical generation from transition metal complexes and radical reactivity in the framework of transition metal catalysis are discussed. The available arsenal to detect radicals in transition metal catalyzed transformations is presented. Available strategies to combine radical intermediates with transition metal catalysis are outlined. In the main part the currently known synthetic methodology of transition metal catalyzed reactions proceeding via radical intermediates is discussed. This part covers catalytic radical reactions involving group 4 to group 7 elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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24
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Ravelli D, Albini A, Fagnoni M. Smooth Photocatalytic Preparation of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzodioxoles. Chemistry 2010; 17:572-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0382‐987316
| | - Angelo Albini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0382‐987316
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0382‐987316
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25
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Ravelli D, Zema M, Mella M, Fagnoni M, Albini A. Benzoyl radicals from (hetero)aromatic aldehydes. Decatungstate photocatalyzed synthesis of substituted aromatic ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4158-64. [PMID: 20661511 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzoyl radicals are generated directly from (hetero)aromatic aldehydes upon tetrabutylammonium decatungstate ((n-Bu(4)N)(4)W(10)O(32)), TBADT) photocatalysis under mild conditions. In the presence of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, ketones and nitriles radical conjugate addition ensues and gives the corresponding beta-functionalized aryl alkyl ketones in moderate to good yields (stereoselectively in the case of 3-methylene-2-norbornanone). Due to the mild reaction conditions the presence of various functional groups on the aromatic ring is tolerated (e.g. methyl, methoxy, chloro). The method can be applied to hetero-aromatic aldehydes whether electron-rich (e.g. thiophene-2-carbaldehyde) or electron-poor (e.g. pyridine-3-carbaldehyde).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Shul'pin GB. Selectivity enhancement in functionalization of C–H bonds: A review. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4217-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c004223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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