1
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Zhang Z, Deng C, Fan X, Li M, Zhang M, Wang X, Chen F, Shi S, Zhou Y, Deng L, Gao H, Xiong W. 3D Directional Assembly of Liquid Crystal Molecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401533. [PMID: 38794830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The precise construction of hierarchically long-range ordered structures using molecules as fundamental building blocks can fully harness their anisotropy and potential. However, the 3D, high-precision, and single-step directional assembly of molecules is a long-pending challenge. Here, a 3D directional molecular assembly strategy via femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) is proposed and the feasibility of this approach using liquid crystal (LC) molecules as an illustrative example is demonstrated. The physical mechanism for femtosecond (fs) laser-induced assembly of LC molecules is investigated, and precise 3D arbitrary assembly of LC molecules is achieved by defining the discretized laser scanning pathway. Additionally, an LC-based Fresnel zone plate array with polarization selection and colorization imaging functions is fabricated to further illustrate the potential of this method. This study not only introduces a 3D high-resolution alignment method for LC-based functional devices but also establishes a universal protocol for the precise 3D directional assembly of anisotropic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunsan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuhao Fan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingduo Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinger Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fayu Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shaoxi Shi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yining Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Leimin Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
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2
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Tsai CL, Chang JW, Cheng KY, Lan YJ, Hsu YC, Lin QD, Chen TY, Shih O, Lin CH, Chiang PH, Simenas M, Kalendra V, Chiang YW, Chen CH, Jeng US, Wang SK. Comprehensive characterization of polyproline tri-helix macrocyclic nanoscaffolds for predictive ligand positioning. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:947-959. [PMID: 38298598 PMCID: PMC10825903 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Multivalent ligands hold promise for enhancing avidity and selectivity to simultaneously target multimeric proteins, as well as potentially modulating receptor signaling in pharmaceutical applications. Essential for these manipulations are nanosized scaffolds that precisely control ligand display patterns, which can be achieved by using polyproline oligo-helix macrocyclic nanoscaffolds via selective binding to protein oligomers and cell surface receptors. This work focuses on synthesis and structural characterization of different-sized polyproline tri-helix macrocyclic (PP3M) scaffolds. Through combined analysis of circular dichroism (CD), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and molecular modeling, a non-coplanar tri-helix loop structure with partially crossover helix ends is elucidated. This structural model aligns well with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging. The present work enhances the precision of nanoscale organic synthesis, offering prospects for controlled ligand positioning on scaffolds. This advancement paves the way for further applications in nanomedicine through selective protein interaction, manipulation of cell surface receptor functions, and developments of more complex polyproline-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
| | - Kum-Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jing Lan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Qun-Da Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Mantas Simenas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University Sauletekio 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University Sauletekio 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan
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3
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Li Z, Li Y, Yin C. Manipulating Molecular Self-Assembly Process at the Solid-Liquid Interface Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4176. [PMID: 37896420 PMCID: PMC10610993 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of ordered self-assembly on solid substrates is a topic of interest in both fundamental surface science research and its applications in nanotechnology. The regulation and control of two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled supra-molecular structures on surfaces have been realized through applying external stimuli. By utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), researchers can investigate the detailed phase transition process of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), providing insight into the interplay between intermolecular weak interactions and substrate-molecule interactions, which govern the formation of molecular self-assembly. This review will discuss the structural transition of self-assembly probed by STM in response to external stimuli and provide state-of-the-art methods such as tip-induced confinement for the alignment of SAM domains and selective chirality. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field of self-assembly and STM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Chengjie Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
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4
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Abstract
It is challenging to increase the rigidity of a macromolecule while maintaining solubility. Established strategies rely on templating by dendrons, or by encapsulation in macrocycles, and exploit supramolecular arrangements with limited robustness. Covalently bonded structures have entailed intramolecular coupling of units to resemble the structure of an alternating tread ladder with rungs composed of a covalent bond. We introduce a versatile concept of rigidification in which two rigid-rod polymer chains are repeatedly covalently associated along their contour by stiff molecular connectors. This approach yields almost perfect ladder structures with two well-defined π-conjugated rails and discretely spaced nanoscale rungs, easily visualized by scanning tunnelling microscopy. The enhancement of molecular rigidity is confirmed by the fluorescence depolarization dynamics and complemented by molecular-dynamics simulations. The covalent templating of the rods leads to self-rigidification that gives rise to intramolecular electronic coupling, enhancing excitonic coherence. The molecules are characterized by unprecedented excitonic mobility, giving rise to excitonic interactions on length scales exceeding 100 nm. Such interactions lead to deterministic single-photon emission from these giant rigid macromolecules, with potential implications for energy conversion in optoelectronic devices.
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Sahare S, Ghoderao P, Khan SB, Chan Y, Lee SL. Recent progress in hybrid perovskite solar cells through scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15970-15992. [PMID: 32761037 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, sustainable renewable energy sources are urgently required to fulfill the cumulative energy needs of the world's 7.8 billion population, since the conventional coal and fossil fuels will be exhausted soon. Photovoltaic devices are a direct and efficient means to produce a huge amount of energy to meet these energy targets. In particular, hybrid-perovskite-based photovoltaic devices merit special attention not only due to their exceptional efficiency for generating appreciable energy but also their tunable band gaps and the ease of device fabrication. However, the commercialization of such devices suffers from the instability of the compositional materials. The cause of instability is the perovskite's structure and its morphology at the sub-molecular level; thereby revealing and eliminating these instabilities are a striking challenge. To address this issue, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) presents a comprehensive method to allow the visualization of the morphology and electronic structure of materials at atomic-level resolution. Here, we review the recent developments of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs), the STM/STS analysis of photoactive halide/hybrid and oxide materials, and the real-time STM/STS investigation of electronic structures with defects and traps that are believed to mainly affect device performances. The detailed STM/STS analysis can facilitate a better understanding of the properties of materials at the nanoscale. This informative study may hold great promise to advance the development of stable PSCs under atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sahare
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060 China. and Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060 China
| | - Prachi Ghoderao
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, 411025 India
| | - Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060 China. and Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060 China
| | - Yue Chan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060 China.
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060 China.
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6
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Ghazzy A, Taher D, Helal W, Korb M, Khalyfeh K, Awwadi FF, Al-Shewiki RK, Weheabby S, Al-Said N, Abu-Orabi ST, Lang H. Aryl ferrocenylmethylesters: Synthesis, solid-state structure and electrochemical investigations. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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7
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Saito N, Kondo Y, Sawato T, Shigeno M, Amemiya R, Yamaguchi M. Pendant-Type Helicene Oligomers with p-Phenylene Ethynylene Main Chains: Synthesis, Reversible Formation of Ladderlike Bimolecular Aggregates, and Control of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Aggregation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8389-8406. [PMID: 28686027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pendant-type (P)-helicene oligomers with p-phenylene ethynylene main chains up to a tetramer were synthesized by a building block method. The (P)-tetramer reversibly formed a ladderlike bimolecular aggregate upon cooling and disaggregated upon heating in (trifluoromethyl)benzene. Two bis(tetramer)s, in which two (P)-tetramers were connected by hexadecamethylene linkers, were also synthesized. The head-to-tail bis(tetramer) formed an intramolecular aggregate, and the head-to-head bis(tetramer) formed an intermolecular aggregate in toluene. The results suggest the antiparallel aggregation structure of the pendant-type (P)-tetramers. The structure of the linker was proven to be effective in controlling intramolecular and intermolecular aggregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kondo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sawato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Amemiya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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8
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Wu Y, Li J, Yuan Y, Dong M, Zha B, Miao X, Hu Y, Deng W. Halogen bonding versus hydrogen bonding induced 2D self-assembled nanostructures at the liquid-solid interface revealed by STM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3143-3150. [PMID: 28083588 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We design a bifunctional molecule (5-bromo-2-hexadecyloxy-benzoic acid, 5-BHBA) with a bromine atom and a carboxyl group and its two-dimensional self-assembly is experimentally and theoretically investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The supramolecular self-organization of 5-BHBA in two different solvents (1-octanoic acid and n-hexadecane) at the liquid-solid interface at different solution concentrations is obviously different due to the cooperative and competitive intermolecular halogen and hydrogen bonds. Three kinds of nanoarchitectures composed of dimers, trimers and tetramers are formed at the 1-octanoic acid/graphite interface based on -COOHHOOC-, triangular C[double bond, length as m-dash]OBrH-C, -BrO(H), BrBr, and OH interactions. Furthermore, by using n-hexadecane as the solvent, two kinds of self-assembled linear patterns can be observed due to the coadsorption, in which the dimers are formed by intermolecular -COOHHOOC- hydrogen bonds. The molecule-solvent and solvent-solvent van der Waals force and intermolecular hydrogen bonds dominate the formation of coadsorbed patterns. We propose that the cooperative and competitive halogen and hydrogen bonds are related to the polarity of the solvent and the type of molecule-solvent interaction. The intermolecular binding energy of different dimers and their stability are supported by theoretical calculations. The result provides a new and innovative insight to induce the 2D self-assembled nanostructures by halogen and hydrogen bonds at the liquid-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yican Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yinlun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqiu Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Bao Zha
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
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9
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Yashima E, Ousaka N, Taura D, Shimomura K, Ikai T, Maeda K. Supramolecular Helical Systems: Helical Assemblies of Small Molecules, Foldamers, and Polymers with Chiral Amplification and Their Functions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13752-13990. [PMID: 27754649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1198] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the recent advances in supramolecular helical assemblies formed from chiral and achiral small molecules, oligomers (foldamers), and helical and nonhelical polymers from the viewpoints of their formations with unique chiral phenomena, such as amplification of chirality during the dynamic helically assembled processes, properties, and specific functionalities, some of which have not been observed in or achieved by biological systems. In addition, a brief historical overview of the helical assemblies of small molecules and remarkable progress in the synthesis of single-stranded and multistranded helical foldamers and polymers, their properties, structures, and functions, mainly since 2009, will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shimomura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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10
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Song W, Wu J, Yang G, Han H, Xie M, Liao X. Precisely designed perylene bisimide-substituted polyethylene with a high glass transition temperature and an ordered architecture. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyethylene with a precise repeat of perylene bisimide branches was synthesized by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and hydrogenation of the as-synthesized polymer, and displayed good thermal stability and an ordered architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Guangda Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Huijing Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
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11
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Lin TW, Chou CM, Lin NT, Lin CL, Luh TY. End Group Modification of Polynorbornenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lan Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Tamkang University Taiwan; Tamshui Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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12
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Song W, Han H, Wu J, Xie M. Ladder-like polyacetylene with excellent optoelectronic properties and regular architecture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12899-902. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Skomski D, Jo J, Tempas CD, Kim S, Lee D, Tait SL. High-fidelity self-assembly of crystalline and parallel-oriented organic thin films by π-π stacking from a metal surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10050-10056. [PMID: 25093681 DOI: 10.1021/la502288v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor applications will significantly benefit from atomically precise, cofacial stacking of extended π-conjugated molecular systems for efficient charge transport. Surface-assisted self-assembly of poly(hetero)cyclic molecules via donor-acceptor type π-π stacking is a promising strategy to organize functional, many-layered architectures. We have employed tris(N-phenyltriazole) as a model system to achieve molecular-level structural ordering through more than 20 molecular layers from its own metal-templated monolayer. Effective charge transport through such layers enabled molecular-resolution imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy. The structure and chemical composition of the films, grown on Ag(111) or Au(100), were further analyzed by noncontact atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing a cofacial stacking geometry of the molecular layers. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show a decrease of the band gap with increasing film thickness, consistent with π-π stacking and electron delocalization. The present study provides new strategies for the fabrication of normally inaccessible structural motifs, atomic precision in organic films, and the effective conduction of electrons through multiple organic molecular stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skomski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Lee SL, Yuan Z, Chen L, Mali KS, Müllen K, De Feyter S. Forced To Align: Flow-Induced Long-Range Alignment of Hierarchical Molecular Assemblies from 2D to 3D. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4117-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5005202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shern-Long Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Long Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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1,1′-Bis-(n-benzotriazolyl) ferrocenecarboxamide: Precursor for synthesis of 1,1′-bis-ferrocenoyl esters and thioesters. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Ke YZ, Ji RJ, Wei TC, Lee SL, Huang SL, Huang MJ, Chen CH, Luh TY. Well-Defined Condensation Polymers with Narrow Polydispersity via Unsymmetrical Ladderphanes by Sequential Polymerization. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhen Ke
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China 200032
| | - Ren-Jie Ji
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China 200032
| | - Te-Chung Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Min-Jie Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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Lin NT, Xie CY, Huang SL, Chen CH, Luh TY. Oligonorbornenes with Hammock-Like Crown Ether Pendants as Artificial Transmembrane Ion Channel. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1436-40. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
A polymeric ladderphane is a step-like structure comprising multiple layers of linkers covalently connected to two or more polymeric backbones. The linkers can be planar aromatic, macrocyclic metal complexes, or three-dimensional organic or organometallic moieties. Structurally, a DNA molecule is a special kind of ladderphane, where the cofacially aligned base-pair pendants are linked through hydrogen bonding. A greater understanding of this class of molecules could help researchers develop new synthetic molecules capable of a similar transfer of chemical information. In this Account, we summarize our studies of the strategy, design, synthesis, characterization, replications, chemical and photophysical properties, and assembly of a range of double-stranded ladderphanes with many fascinating structures. We employed two norbornene moieties fused with N-arylpyrrolidine to connect covalently with a range of relatively rigid linkers. Ring opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMP) of these bis-norbornenes using the first-generation Grubbs ruthenium-benzylidene catalyst produced the corresponding symmetrical double-stranded ladderphanes. The N-arylpyrrolidene moiety in the linker controls the isotactic selectivity and the trans configuration for all double bonds in both single- and double-stranded polynorbornenes. The π-π interactions between these aryl pendants may contribute to the high stereoselectivity in the ROMP of these substrates. We synthesized chiral helical ladderphanes by incorporating asymmetric center(s) in the linkers. Replication protocols and sequential polymerization of a monomer that includes two different polymerizable groups offer methods for producing unsymmetical ladderphanes. These routes furnish template synthesis of daughter polymers with well-controlled chain lengths and polydispersities. The linkers in these ladderphanes are well aligned in the center along the longitudinal axis of the polymer. Fluorescence quenching, excimer formation, or Soret band splitting experiments suggest that strong interactions take place between the linkers. The antiferromagnetism of the oxidized ferrocene-based ladderphanes further indicates strong coupling between linkers in these ladderphanes. These polynorbornene-based ladderphanes can easily aggregate to form a two-dimensional, highly ordered array on the graphite surface with areas that can reach the submicrometer range. These morphological patterns result from interactions between vinyl and styryl end groups via π-π stacking along the longitudinal axis of the polymer and van der Waals interaction between backbones of polymers. Such assembly orients planar arene moieties cofacially, and polynorbornene backbones insulate each linear array of arenes from the adjacent arrays. Dihydroxylation converts the double bonds in polynorbornene backbones of ladderphanes into more hydrophilic polyols. Hydrogen bonding between these polyol molecules leads to self-assembly and produces structures with longitudinally staggered morphologies on the graphite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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19
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Zhu L, Lin NT, Xie ZY, Lee SL, Huang SL, Yang JH, Lee YD, Chen CH, Chen CH, Luh TY. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cascade Metathetical Cyclopolymerization of Bisnorbornenes with Flexible Linkers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302293q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China 200032
| | - Nai-Ti Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Zhen-Yu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Jian-He, Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Yu-Der, Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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20
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Zhu L, Flook MM, Lee SL, Chan LW, Huang SL, Chiu CW, Chen CH, Schrock RR, Luh TY. Cis, Isotactic Selective ROMP of Norbornenes Fused with N-Arylpyrrolidines. Double Stranded Polynorbornene-Based Ladderphanes with Z-Double Bonds. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China 200032
| | - Margaret M. Flook
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Li-Wei Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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Gutzler R, Fu C, Dadvand A, Hua Y, MacLeod JM, Rosei F, Perepichka DF. Halogen bonds in 2D supramolecular self-assembly of organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5965-5971. [PMID: 22895808 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Weak interactions between bromine, sulphur, and hydrogen are shown to stabilize 2D supramolecular monolayers at the liquid-solid interface. Three different thiophene-based semiconducting organic molecules assemble into close-packed ultrathin ordered layers. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) elucidates the interactions within the monolayer. Electrostatic interactions are identified as the driving force for intermolecular Br···Br and Br···H bonding. We find that the SS interactions of the 2D supramolecular layers correlate with the hole mobilities of thin film transistors of the same materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Gutzler
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Yeh NH, Chen CW, Lee SL, Wu HJ, Chen CH, Luh TY. Polynorbornene-Based Double-Stranded Ladderphanes with Cubane, Cuneane, Tricyclooctadiene, and Cyclooctatetraene Linkers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hua Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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Abstract
Double-stranded polymeric ladderphanes are obtained by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of bisnorbornene derivatives by the first generation of Grubbs catalyst (G-I). A range of two- and three-dimensional organic and organometallic linkers are used to connect two norbornene units. The structures of these double-stranded polymers are proved by spectroscopic means and scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) images. Hydrolytic cleavages of these ladderphanes give the corresponding single-stranded polymers with the same degree of polymerization and polydispersity as those of the double-stranded counterparts. Helical polymeric ladderphanes are also synthesized similarly when chiral linkers are used. Strong intereactions between adjacent linkers have been revealed by their physical properties in these polymers. Chemical modification of ladderphanes is achieved by bis-dihydroxylation, diimide reduction of double bonds, and electrochemical oxidation of linkers. Unsymmetrical ladderphanes with well-defined lengths and narrow dispersity are also obtained by replication and by sequential polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Yau Luh
- 1Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Lee SL, Chu YC, Wu HJ, Chen CH. Template-assisted assembly: scanning tunneling microscopy study of solvent-dependent adlattices of alkyl-derivatized tetrathiafulvalene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:382-388. [PMID: 22077481 DOI: 10.1021/la203148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of an adsorbate as a function of the strength of solvent-substrate adsorption is an important yet relatively unexplored subject. In this study, how the strength of solvent-substrate adsorption and solvent-solvent attraction affects the assembly of tetrakis(octadecylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (1) is scrutinized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For solvents with strong intermolecular interactions and adsorption onto graphite, such as long n-alkanes (C(n)H(2n+2), n ≥ 13), STM reveals that the solvent molecules form lamellae which become a template to direct the assembly of 1 into one-dimensional arrays. The lengths of one of the unit cell vectors for the assemblies are increased and well correlated with the solvent sizes. In situ STM monitoring of 1 introduced onto graphite with preadsorbed n-tetradecane adlattices shows that the developed assemblies of 1 have striped features aligned parallel to the underlying template. In contrast, for solvents with weak adsorption, such as short n-alkanes (C(n)H(2n+2), n ≤ 12), toluene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the adlattice structures of 1 are solvent-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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Huang HH, Chao CG, Lee SL, Wu HJ, Chen CH, Luh TY. Double stranded polymeric ladderphanes with 16-π-electron antiaromatic metallocycle linkers. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5948-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Lee SL, Hsu YJ, Wu HJ, Lin HA, Hsu HF, Chen CH. Electrical pulse triggered reversible assembly of molecular adlayers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11748-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Ke YZ, Lee SL, Chen CH, Luh TY. Unsymmetrical polymeric ladderphanes by sequential polymerization: a new approach for the template synthesis of polymers with well-defined chain length and narrow polydispersity. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1748-51. [PMID: 21341375 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhen Ke
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Chen CH, Lee SL, Lim TS, Chen CH, Luh TY. Influence of polymer conformations on the aggregation behaviour of alternating dialkylsilylene-[4,4′-divinyl(cyanostilbene)] copolymers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Gutzler R, Cardenas L, Rosei F. Kinetics and thermodynamics in surface-confined molecular self-assembly. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Chen CW, Chang HY, Lee SL, Hsu IJ, Lee JJ, Chen CH, Luh TY. Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC)-Incorporated Single- and Double-Stranded Polynorbornenes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101956n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - I-Jui Hsu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Jey-Jau Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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31
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Wang HW, Chen CH, Lim TS, Huang SL, Luh TY. Supramolecular Porphyrin-DABCO Array in Single- and Double-Stranded Polynorbornenes. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:524-33. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Yang KW, Xu J, Chen CH, Huang HH, Yu TJY, Lim TS, Chen CH, Luh TY. Triple-Stranded Polymeric Ladderphanes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100550q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 230026
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Hsin-Hua Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tony Jian-Yuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tsong-Shin Lim
- Department of Physics, Tung Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan 305
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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