1
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Kumar MP, G M, Amaladass P, Manikandan C, Dhayalan V. Recent synthetic strategies for the construction of functionalized carbazoles and their heterocyclic motifs enabled by Lewis acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32596-32626. [PMID: 37936643 PMCID: PMC10626344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrates recent innovative cascade annulation methods for preparing functionalized carbazoles and their related polyaromatic heterocyclic compounds enabled by Lewis acid catalysts. Highly substituted carbazole scaffolds were synthesized via Lewis acid mediated Friedel-Crafts arylation, electrocyclization, intramolecular cyclization, cycloaddition, C-N bond-formations, aromatization and cascade domino reactions, metal-catalyzed, iodine catalyzed reactions and multi-component reactions. This review article mainly focuses on Lewis acid-mediated recent synthetic methods to access a variety of electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups substituted carbazole frameworks in one-pot reactions. Polyaromatic carbazole and their related nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds were found in several synthetic applications in pharma industries, energy devices, and materials sciences. Moreover, the review paper briefly summarised new synthetic strategies of carbazole preparation approaches will assist academic and pharma industries in identifying innovative protocols for producing poly-functionalized carbazoles and related highly complex heterocyclic compounds and discovering active pharmaceutical drugs or carbazole-based alkaloids and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - P Amaladass
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle 517325 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Chitrarasu Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
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2
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Sun L, Du T, Wang C, Geng D, Li L, Han Y, Deng Y. Indandione-Terminated Quinoidal Compounds for Low-Bandgap Small Molecules with Strong Near-Infrared Absorption: Effect of Conjugation Length on the Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:17437-17443. [PMID: 34626039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-bandgap organic semiconductors have attracted much attention for their multiple applications in optoelectronics. However, the realization of narrow bandgap is challenging particularly for small molecules. Herein, we have synthesized four quinoidal compounds, i. e., QSN3, QSN4, QSN5 and QSN6, with electron rich S,N-heteroacene as the quinoidal core and indandione as the end-groups. The optical bandgap of the quinoidal compounds is systematically decreased with the extension of quinoidal skeleton, while maintaining stable closed-shell ground state. QSN6 absorbs an intense absorption in the first and second near-infrared region in the solid state, and has extremely low optical bandgap of 0.74 eV. Cyclic voltammetry analyses reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the four quinoidal compounds all lie below -4.1 eV, resulting in good electron-transporting characteristics in organic thin-film transistors. These results demonstrated that the combination of π-extended quinoidal core and end-groups in quinoidal compounds is an effective strategy for the synthesis of low-bandgap small molecules with good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tian Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Geng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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3
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Bujaldón R, Puigdollers J, Velasco D. Towards the Bisbenzothienocarbazole Core: A Route of Sulfurated Carbazole Derivatives with Assorted Optoelectronic Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3487. [PMID: 34201516 PMCID: PMC8269540 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ladder-type molecules, which possess an extended aromatic backbone, are particularly sought within the optoelectronic field. In view of the potential of the 14H-bis[1]benzothieno[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole core as a p-type semiconductor, herein we studied a set of two derivatives featuring a different alkylation patterning. The followed synthetic route, involving various sulfurated carbazole-based molecules, also resulted in a source of fluorophores with different emitting behaviors. Surprisingly, the sulfoxide-containing fluorophores substantially increased their blue fluorescence with respect to the nearly non-emitting sulfur counterparts. On this basis, we could shed light on the relationship between their chemical structure and their emission as an approach for future applications. Considering the performance in organic thin-film transistors, both bisbenzothienocarbazole derivatives displayed p-type characteristics, with hole mobility values up to 1.1 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and considerable air stability. Moreover, the role of the structural design has been correlated with the device performance by means of X-ray analysis and the elucidation of the corresponding single crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bujaldón
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joaquim Puigdollers
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona, 1-3, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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4
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Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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5
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Skalik J, Koprowski M, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Bałczewski P. The hetero-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher Cyclizations with Formation of Ring Carbon-Heteroatom (P, S) Bonds, Leading to Organic Functional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13214751. [PMID: 33114241 PMCID: PMC7660621 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interest in functional materials possessing improved properties led to development of new methods of their synthesis, which allowed to obtain new molecular arrangements with carbon and heteroatom motifs. Two of the classical reactions of versatile use are the Friedel-Crafts and the Bradsher reactions, which in the new heteroatomic versions allow to replace ring carbon atoms by heteroatoms. In the present work, we review methods of synthesis of C-S and C-P bonds utilizing thia- and phospha-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher cyclizations. Single examples of C-As and lack of C-Se bond formation, involving two of the closest neighbors of P and S in the periodic table, have also been noted. Applications of the obtained π-conjugated molecules, mainly as semiconducting materials, flame retardants, and resins hardeners, designed on the basis of five- and six-membered cyclic molecules containing ring phosphorus and sulfur atoms, are also included. This comprehensive review covers literature up to August 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skalik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Marek Koprowski
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
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6
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Petrenko A, Bezvikonnyi O, Volyniuk D, Danyliv Y, Simokaitiene J, Belyakov S, Grazulevicius JV, Arsenyan P. Synthesis of fused chalcogenophenocarbazoles: towards dual emission resulting from hybridized local and charge-transfer states. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fused chalcogenophenocarbazoles exhibit fluorescence resulting from recombination of either locally excited, intramolecular charge-transfer or hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Yan Danyliv
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Jurate Simokaitiene
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
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7
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Su F, Chen S, Mo X, Wu K, Wu J, Lin W, Lin Z, Lin J, Zhang HJ, Wen TB. Trisulfur radical anion-triggered stitching thienannulation: rapid access to largely π-extended thienoacenes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1503-1509. [PMID: 34084379 PMCID: PMC8148024 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Largely π-extended rylene diimide-fused thienoacenes, a new family of fully fused electron donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules, have been readily synthesized by a novel trisulfur radical anion (S3˙-)-triggered stitching thienannulation strategy. The ladder-type fused thiophene cores are constructed in a stitching manner through multiple carbon-sulfur bond formation between acetylenic rylene dyes and S3˙-. A detailed mechanistic study of these stitching thienannulations unveiled the multiple reactivities of S3˙-. Physical properties of the newly formed D-A, A-D-A, and D-A-D type thienoacenes have also been investigated, which revealed their precisely controllable electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Kongchuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Weidong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Ting-Bin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
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8
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Synthesis and Characterization of Bis[1]benzothieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles: Quantitative Effects of Benzannulation on Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092279. [PMID: 30200588 PMCID: PMC6225175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four N-functionalized bis[1]benzothieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles (BBTPs) is reported in order to provide a more detailed characterization of these fused-ring units, as well as increase the scope of known BBTP units available for application to conjugated materials. The optical, electronic, and structural properties of the resulting BBTP units have been compared to the parent N-alkyl- and N-aryl-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles (DTPs), as well as their corresponding 2,6-diphenyl derivatives, in order to fully quantify the relative electronic effects resulting from benzannulation of the parent DTP building block. Such comparative analysis reveals that benzannulation results in a red-shifted absorbance, but to a lesser extent than simple phenyl-capping of the DTP. More surprising is that benzannulation results in stabilization of the BBTP HOMO, compared to the destabilization normally observed with extending the conjugation length of the backbone.
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9
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Chen G, Li X, Chen Z, Tang C, Yang W, Cao Y. Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds based on bis(benzothiophene)-fused fluorene. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Wetzel C, Vogt A, Rudnick A, Mena-Osteritz E, Köhler A, Bäuerle P. Thiophene–pyrrole containing S,N-heteroheptacenes: synthesis, and optical and electrochemical characterisation. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel S,N-heteroheptacenes SN7a–d with a variable thiophene–pyrrole ratio and a heteroring fusion sequence were synthesized and the electronic properties were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wetzel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Astrid Vogt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Alexander Rudnick
- Experimental Physics II and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF)
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Experimental Physics II and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF)
- University of Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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11
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Gong P, Li L, Sun J, Xue P, Lu R. Synthesis of π-extended N-fused heteroacenes via regioselective Cadogan reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Irgashev RA, Karmatsky AA, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN. Construction of Heteroacenes with Fused Thiophene and Pyrrole Rings via the Fischer Indolization Reaction. Org Lett 2016; 18:804-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Arseny A. Karmatsky
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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13
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Zheng T, Cai Z, Ho-Wu R, Yau SH, Shaparov V, Goodson T, Yu L. Synthesis of Ladder-Type Thienoacenes and Their Electronic and Optical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:868-75. [PMID: 26720200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of ladder-type thienoacenes based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) have been synthesized and characterized. They were shown to be p-type semiconductors with wide band gaps and able to support multiple stable cationic states. As the conjugation lengthens, these oligomers become more emissive, showing high quantum yields. They were shown to be good two-photon absorbers, exhibiting high two-photon absorption coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rosina Ho-Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sung Hei Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Valerii Shaparov
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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14
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Sivasakthikumaran R, Rafiq SM, Sankar E, Clement JA, Mohanakrishnan AK. Regioselective Annulation of Unsymmetrical 1,2-Phenylenebis(diaryl/diheteroarylmethanol): A Facile Synthesis of Anthracene, Tetracene, and Naphtho[b]thiophene Analogues. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Zhong H, Han Y, Shaw J, Anthopoulos TD, Heeney M. Fused Ring Cyclopentadithienothiophenes as Novel Building Blocks for High Field Effect Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhong
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Yang Han
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Departments
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Martin Heeney
- Departments
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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16
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17
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Wetzel C, Brier E, Vogt A, Mishra A, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Fused thiophene-pyrrole-containing ring systems up to a heterodecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12334-8. [PMID: 26136252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new class of π-conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons that promises interesting electronic properties is presented. The synthesis and extension of the S,N-heteroacene series consisting of only five-membered heterocyclic rings up to a very long, stable, and still soluble decacene SN10 is realized by multiple Pd-catalyzed aminations of halogenated thiophene precursors as key reactions. These novel heteroacenes were characterized by optical spectroscopy and electrochemistry providing interesting structure-property relationships. Nearly complete bond-length equalization in the inner part of the conjugated backbone and an unusual herringbone packing in the solid state underline the structural features of these novel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wetzel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany) http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-oc2/
| | - Eduard Brier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany) http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-oc2/
| | - Astrid Vogt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany) http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-oc2/
| | - Amaresh Mishra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany) http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-oc2/
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany) http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-oc2/
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany) http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/nawi-oc2/.
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18
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Fang Y, Pandey AK, Lyons DM, Shaw PE, Watkins SE, Burn PL, Lo SC, Meredith P. Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of Nonfullerene Electron Acceptors. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:1295-304. [PMID: 25335767 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072 (Australia)
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19
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Raju TB, Gopikrishna P, Iyer PK. Highly efficient and facile alkylation of 4H-cyclopenta-[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and highly economical methodology for the dialkylation of 4H-cyclopenta-[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telugu Bhim Raju
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039, India
| | | | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati-781039, India
- Center for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
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20
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Zhong H, Li Z, Deledalle F, Fregoso EC, Shahid M, Fei Z, Nielsen CB, Yaacobi-Gross N, Rossbauer S, Anthopoulos TD, Durrant JR, Heeney M. Fused Dithienogermolodithiophene Low Band Gap Polymers for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells without Processing Additives. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2040-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja311700u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhong
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Zhe Li
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Florent Deledalle
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Elisa Collado Fregoso
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Munazza Shahid
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Christian B. Nielsen
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Nir Yaacobi-Gross
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Stephan Rossbauer
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - James R. Durrant
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Martin Heeney
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Physics, Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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21
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Takimiya K, Nakano M, Kang MJ, Miyazaki E, Osaka I. Thienannulation: Efficient Synthesis of π-Extended Thienoacenes Applicable to Organic Semiconductors. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Pho TV, Yuen JD, Kurzman JA, Smith BG, Miao M, Walker WT, Seshadri R, Wudl F. N-Alkyldinaphthocarbazoles, Azaheptacenes, for Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18185-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3082582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wesley T. Walker
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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23
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Kato SI, Furuya T, Kobayashi A, Nitani M, Ie Y, Aso Y, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Nakamura Y. π-Extended Thiadiazoles Fused with Thienopyrrole or Indole Moieties: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7595-606. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301458m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan
| | - Takayuki Furuya
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan
| | - Masashi Nitani
- The Institute of
Scientific
and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of
Scientific
and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- PRESTO-JST, 4-1-8
Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of
Scientific
and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515,
Japan
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24
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Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Molecular Sensing Devices: Microporous Architecture Enables Rapid Response and Enhances Sensitivity in Fluorescence-On and Fluorescence-Off Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8738-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Mitsudo K, Shimohara S, Mizoguchi J, Mandai H, Suga S. Synthesis of nitrogen-bridged terthiophenes by tandem Buchwald-Hartwig coupling and their properties. Org Lett 2012; 14:2702-5. [PMID: 22594835 DOI: 10.1021/ol300887t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of nitrogen-bridged terthiophenes (NBTTs) has been achieved by a tandem Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of 3,3',3",4'-tetrabromo-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene. Several NBTT derivatives bearing aryl or alkyl moieties on the N-atoms could be synthesized. Their fundamental electrochemical characteristics and HOMO-LUMO levels were found to be influenced by the substituents on the N-atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mitsudo
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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26
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Purushothaman B, Parkin SR, Kendrick MJ, David D, Ward JW, Yu L, Stingelin N, Jurchescu OD, Ostroverkhova O, Anthony JE. Synthesis and charge transport studies of stable, soluble hexacenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8261-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Takimiya K, Shinamura S, Osaka I, Miyazaki E. Thienoacene-based organic semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4347-4370. [PMID: 21842474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thienoacenes consist of fused thiophene rings in a ladder-type molecular structure and have been intensively studied as potential organic semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in the last decade. They are reviewed here. Despite their simple and similar molecular structures, the hitherto reported properties of thienoacene-based OFETs are rather diverse. This Review focuses on four classes of thienoacenes, which are classified in terms of their chemical structures, and elucidates the molecular electronic structure of each class. The packing structures of thienoacenes and the thus-estimated solid-state electronic structures are correlated to their carrier transport properties in OFET devices. With this perspective of the molecular structures of thienoacenes and their carrier transport properties in OFET devices, the structure-property relationships in thienoacene-based organic semiconductors are discussed. The discussion provides insight into new molecular design strategies for the development of superior organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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28
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Tyagi P, Venkateswararao A, Thomas KRJ. Solution Processable Indoloquinoxaline Derivatives Containing Bulky Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Optical Spectra, and Electroluminescence. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4571-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Tyagi
- Organic Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - A. Venkateswararao
- Organic Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
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29
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Niimi K, Shinamura S, Osaka I, Miyazaki E, Takimiya K. Dianthra[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DATT): Synthesis, Characterization, and FET Characteristics of New π-Extended Heteroarene with Eight Fused Aromatic Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8732-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202377m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Niimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Eigo Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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30
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Balandier JY, Sebaihi N, Boudard P, Lemaur V, Quist F, Niebel C, Stas S, Tylleman B, Lazzaroni R, Cornil J, Geerts YH. Anthradithiophene Derivatives Substituted at the 2,8-Positions by Formyl and Triphenylamine Units: Synthesis, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Wan JH, Fang WF, Li ZF, Xiao XQ, Xu Z, Deng Y, Zhang LH, Jiang JX, Qiu HY, Wu LB, Lai GQ. Novel ladder π-conjugated materials--sila-pentathienoacenes: synthesis, structure, and electronic properties. Chem Asian J 2011; 5:2290-6. [PMID: 20669218 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of ladder π-conjugated materials--sila-pentathienoacenes (Si-PTA) are synthesized and characterized. Crystal structures of the compounds show that the length of alkyl chains substituting on the thiophene ring has a significant influence on molecular packing. A densely packed structure with an interfacial distance of about 3.66 Å between the adjacent molecules is observed for the compound with shorter alkyl chains. However, a large interfacial distance (7.99 Å) is obtained for another compound because of the insertion of long alkyl chains between two planes. The investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties shows that the silylene bridge incorporated into the pentathienoacene framework exerts a clear effect on the electronic properties by the σ*-π* conjugation. Although only a slight enhancement is observed for the HOMO levels, with respect to that of pentathienoacene, the LUMO levels are significantly lowered. The observed electronic properties are consistent with the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 222 Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 310012 P.R. China
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32
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McEntee GJ, Vilela F, Skabara PJ, Anthopoulos TD, Labram JG, Tierney S, Harrington RW, Clegg W. Self-assembly and charge transport properties of a benzobisthiazole end-capped with dihexyl thienothiophene units. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Zheng Q, Chen S, Zhang B, Wang L, Tang C, Katz HE. Highly Soluble Heteroheptacene: A New Building Block for p-Type Semiconducting Polymers. Org Lett 2010; 13:324-7. [PMID: 21155600 DOI: 10.1021/ol102806x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 102 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shanci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 102 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 102 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 102 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Changquan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 102 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Howard E. Katz
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 102 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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34
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Kunz T, Knochel P. Selective Multiple Magnesiations of the Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Scaffold. Chemistry 2010; 17:866-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Wex B, Jradi FM, Patra D, Kaafarani BR. End-capping of conjugated thiophene–benzene aromatic systems. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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