1
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Duneş G, Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Roisnel T, Carpentier JF, Saillard JY, Sarazin Y. Barium phosphidoboranes and related calcium complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6892-6905. [PMID: 38567539 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00487f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The attempted synthesis of [{Carb}BaPPh2] (1) showed this barium-phosphide and its thf adducts, 1·thf and 1·(thf)2, to be unstable in solution. Our strategy to circumvent the fragility of these compounds involved the use of phosphinoboranes HPPh2·BH3 and HPPh2·B(C6F5)3 instead of HPPh2. This allowed for the synthesis of [{Carb}Ae{PPh2·BH3}] (Ae = Ba, 2; Ca, 3), [{Carb}Ca{(H3B)2PPh2}·(thf)] (4), [{Carb}Ba{PPh2·B(C6F5)3}] (5), [{Carb}Ba{O(B(C6F5)3)CH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2}·thf] (6), [Ba{O(B(C6F5)3)CH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2}2·(thf)1.5] (7) and [Ba{PPh2·B(C6F5)3}2·(thp)2] (8) that were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (thp = tetrahydropyran). The molecular structures of 4, 6 and 8 were validated by X-ray diffraction crystallography, which revealed the presence of Ba⋯F stabilizing interactions (ca. 9 kcal mol-1) in the fluorine-containing compounds. Compounds 6 and 7 were obtained upon ring-opening of thf by their respective precursors, 5 and the in situ prepared [Ba{PPh2·B(C6F5)3}2]n. By contrast, thp does not undergo ring-opening under the same conditions but affords clean formation of 8. DFT analysis did not highlight any specific weakness of the Ba-P bond in 1·(thf)2. The instability of this compound is instead thought to stem from the high energy of its HOMO, which contains the non-conjugated P lone pair and features significant nucleophilic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Duneş
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France.
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2
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Greño M, Pérez-Redondo A, Torrijos J, Varela-Izquierdo V, Yélamos C. Half-Sandwich Zirconium and Hafnium Amidoborane Complexes: Precursors of Hydride Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6576-6588. [PMID: 38567753 PMCID: PMC11022180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Half-sandwich zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) complexes with amidoborane and hydride ligands have been isolated in the stoichiometric reactions of mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)metal alkyl and amido derivatives with the amine-boranes NHR2BH3 (R2 = H2, Me2, HtBu). Treatment of the tris(trimethylsilylmethyl) complexes [M(η5-C5Me5)(CH2SiMe3)3] with NH3BH3 (3 equiv) gives the seven-coordinate species [M(η5-C5Me5)(NH2BH3)3] (M = Zr (1), Hf (2)) with three κ2N,H-NH2BH3 ligands. The tris(neophyl) [M(η5-C5Me5)(CH2CMe2Ph)3] or tris(dimethylamido) [M(η5-C5Me5)(NMe2)3] derivatives react with NHMe2BH3 (≥3 equiv) to afford bis(dimethylamidoborane) hydride complexes [M(η5-C5Me5)H(NMe2BH3)2] (M = Zr (3), Hf (4)) via thermally unstable [M(η5-C5Me5)(NMe2BH3)3] species. The reaction of [M(η5-C5Me5)(NMe2)3] and NH2tBuBH3 (≥4 equiv) affords analogous mixed amidoborane hydride derivatives [M(η5-C5Me5)H(NHtBuBH3)(NMe2BH3)] (M = Zr (5), Hf (6)) with κ2N,H-NHtBuBH3 and κ3N,H,H-NMe2BH3 ligands. The addition of NHR2BH3 (≥1 equiv) on the mono(dimethylamido) complexes [M(η5-C5Me5)Cl2(NMe2)] in hexane leads to the precipitation of the ionic compounds [(NHR2)2BH2][{M(η5-C5Me5)Cl2}2(μ-H)3] (R2 = Me2, M = Zr (7), Hf (8); R2 = HtBu, M = Zr (9), Hf (10)). Molecular hydride species [Cl2(η5-C5Me5)M(μ-Cl)(μ-H)2M(η5-C5Me5)Cl(NH2tBu)] (M = Zr (11), Hf (12)) could be isolated from mixtures of complexes [M(η5-C5Me5)Cl2(NMe2)] and lower ratios of NH2tBuBH3. The zirconium complex 11 decomposes in solution to give the mononuclear tert-butylamido derivative [Zr(η5-C5Me5)Cl2(NHtBu)] (13) along with other byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Greño
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Torrijos
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Varela-Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Gulyaeva ES, Osipova ES, Kovalenko SA, Filippov OA, Belkova NV, Vendier L, Canac Y, Shubina ES, Valyaev DA. Two active species from a single metal halide precursor: a case study of highly productive Mn-catalyzed dehydrogenation of amine-boranes via intermolecular bimetallic cooperation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1409-1417. [PMID: 38274083 PMCID: PMC10806649 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-metal cooperation for inert bond activation is a ubiquitous concept in coordination chemistry and catalysis. While the great majority of such transformations proceed via intramolecular mode in binuclear complexes, to date only a few examples of intermolecular small molecule activation using usually bimetallic frustrated Lewis pairs (Mδ+⋯M'δ-) have been reported. We introduce herein an alternative approach for the intermolecular bimetallic cooperativity observed in the catalytic dehydrogenation of amine-boranes, in which the concomitant activation of N-H and B-H bonds of the substrate via the synergetic action of Lewis acidic (M+) and basic hydride (M-H) metal species derived from the same mononuclear complex (M-Br). It was also demonstrated that this system generated in situ from the air-stable Mn(i) complex fac-[(CO)3(bis(NHC))MnBr] and NaBPh4 shows high activity for H2 production from several substrates (Me2NHBH3, tBuNH2BH3, MeNH2BH3, NH3BH3) at low catalyst loading (0.1% to 50 ppm), providing outstanding efficiency for Me2NHBH3 (TON up to 18 200) that is largely superior to all known 3d-, s-, p-, f-block metal derivatives and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). These results represent a step forward towards more extensive use of intermolecular bimetallic cooperation concepts in modern homogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Gulyaeva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences 28/1 Vavilov Str., GSP-1, B-334 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Elena S Osipova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences 28/1 Vavilov Str., GSP-1, B-334 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Sergey A Kovalenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences 28/1 Vavilov Str., GSP-1, B-334 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Oleg A Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences 28/1 Vavilov Str., GSP-1, B-334 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Natalia V Belkova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences 28/1 Vavilov Str., GSP-1, B-334 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Elena S Shubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences 28/1 Vavilov Str., GSP-1, B-334 Moscow 119334 Russia
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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4
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Brouillet EV, Brown SA, Kennedy AR, Rae A, Walton HP, Robertson SD. Atom-economic access to cationic magnesium complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13332-13338. [PMID: 37671570 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cationic alkaline-earth complexes attract interest for their enhanced Lewis acidity and reactivity compared with their neutral counterparts. Synthetic protocols to these complexes generally utilize expensive specialized reagents in reactions generating multiple by-products. We have studied a simple ligand transfer approach to these complexes using (NacNac)MgR and ER3 (NacNac = β-diketiminate anion; E = group 13 element; R = aryl/amido anion) which demonstrates high atom economy, opening up the ability to target these species in a more sustainable manner. The success of this methodology is dependent on the identity of the group 13 element with the heavier elements facilitating faster ligand exchange. Furthermore, while this reaction is successful with aromatic ligands such as phenyl and pyrrolyl, the secondary amide piperidide (pip) fails to transfer, which we attribute to the stronger 3-centre-4-electron dimerization interaction of Al2(pip)6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne V Brouillet
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Annabel Rae
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Heather P Walton
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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5
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Evans MJ, Jones C. Synthesis and Reactivity of Alkali Metal Hydrido-Magnesiate Complexes which Exhibit Group 1 Metal Counter-Cation Specific Stability. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14393-14401. [PMID: 37602922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of the series of alkali metal amides M(HMDS) (M = Li-Cs; HMDS = [N(SiMe3)2]-) with the neutral magnesium(II) hydride compound [Mg(BDIDipp)(μ-H)]2 (BDIDipp = [CH{C(Me)NDipp}2], Dipp = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3) have been carried out. When M = Li or Na, the reactions yielded Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS) and MH as the primary products. In the sodium amide reaction, [Na2(HMDS)][{Mg(BDIDipp)}2(H)3] was obtained as a low-yield by-product. When M = K-Cs, the reactions gave the group 1 metal hydrido-magnesiates, M2[Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)(H)]2·(benzene)n (n = 0 or 1), the thermal stability of which increases with the increasing molecular weight of the alkali metal involved. Reactions of Cs2[Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)(H)]2·(benzene) with 18-crown-6 and CO gave the first monomeric alkali metal hydrido-magnesiate [Cs(18-crown-6)][Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)(H)] and the ethenediolate complex Cs2[{Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)}2(μ-C2H2O2)], respectively. The new synthetic route to alkali metal hydrido-magnesiates described herein may facilitate further reactivity studies of this rare compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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6
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Obi AD, Freeman LA, Coates SJ, Alexis AJH, Frey NC, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Carbene–Calcium Silylamides and Amidoboranes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Lucas A. Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Samuel J. Coates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew J. H. Alexis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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7
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Wirtz L, Ghulam KY, Morgenstern B, Schäfer A. Constrained Geometry
ansa
‐Half‐Sandwich Complexes of Magnesium – Versatile
s
‐Block Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Kinza Yasmin Ghulam
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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8
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Obi AD, Frey NC, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Assisted Reversible Migratory Coupling of Aminoborane at Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211496. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University PO Box 9573 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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9
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Obi A, Frey N, Dickie D, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Assisted Reversible Migratory Coupling of Aminoborane at Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Frey
- University of Virginia Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Robert J Gilliard
- University of Virginia Chemistry Department of Chemistry409 McCormick RdPO 400319 22904 Charlottesville UNITED STATES
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10
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Kirkina VA, Kissel AA, Selikhov AN, Nelyubina YV, Filippov OA, Belkova NV, Trifonov AA, Shubina ES. Amine-boranes reactions promoted by lanthanide(II) ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:859-862. [PMID: 34935012 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity in amine-borane dehydrogenation is shown for the first time for Ln(II) species using complexes [{(p-tBu-C6H4)2CH}2M·L] (M = Yb, Sm, L = (DME)2, TMEDA). The protonation of M(II)-C bonds with HNR1R2BH3 affords amidoborane complexes [M(NR1R2BH3)2L], which under excess HNMe2BH3 transform to [NMe2BH2NMe2BH3]- derivatives, both serving as the dehydrocoupling intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava A Kirkina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Kissel
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Selikhov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Oleg A Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Natalia V Belkova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
| | - Elena S Shubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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11
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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12
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Banerjee I, Panda TK. Recent advances in the carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond formation from unsaturated compounds by s- and p-block metals. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6571-6587. [PMID: 34231617 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers around the globe have witnessed several breakthroughs in s- and p-block metal chemistry. Over the past few years, several applications in catalysis associated with these main group metals have been established, and owing to their abundance and low cost and they have proved to be essential alternatives to transition metal catalysts. In this review, we present a detailed discussion on the catalytic addition of P-H bonds from various phosphine reagents to multiple bonds of unsaturated substrates for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds with C-P bonds promoted by various s- and p-block metal catalysts, as published in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India. and School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Raffles University, Neemrana - 301705, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi - 502 285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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13
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Banerjee I, Panda TK. Recent developments in the reduction of unsaturated bonds by magnesium precursors. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy India
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy India
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14
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Wirtz L, Haider W, Huch V, Zimmer M, Schäfer A. Magnesocenophane-Catalyzed Amine Borane Dehydrocoupling. Chemistry 2020; 26:6176-6184. [PMID: 32052880 PMCID: PMC7318289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acidities of a series of [n]magnesocenophanes (1 a–d) have been investigated computationally and found to be a function of the tilt of the cyclopentadienyl moieties. Their catalytic abilities in amine borane dehydrogenation/dehydrocoupling reactions have been probed, and C[1]magnesocenophane (1 a) has been shown to effectively catalyze the dehydrogenation/dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine borane (2 a) and diisopropylamine borane (2 b) under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the mechanism of the reaction with 2 a has been investigated experimentally and computationally, and the results imply a ligand‐assisted mechanism involving stepwise proton and hydride transfer, with dimethylaminoborane as the key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wasim Haider
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Birepinte M, Liautard V, Chabaud L, Pucheault M. Zirconium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkenylaminoboranes: From a Reliable Preparation of Alkenylboronates to a Direct Stereodivergent Access to Alkenyl Bromides. Org Lett 2020; 22:2838-2843. [PMID: 32207309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure has been optimized for the preparation of alkenylaminoborane from alkynes using diisopropylaminoborane and HZrCp2Cl. Coupled with a magnesium-catalyzed dehydrogenation, it allowed for the use of air- and moisture-stable diisopropylamine. This synthesis has been extended to a one-pot sequence leading directly to bromoalkenes with controlled stereochemistry. As such, it provides an easy, scalable, cheap process to access alkenylboronates and both (E)- and (Z)-bromoalkenes from commercially available alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Birepinte
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Virginie Liautard
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence, France
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16
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Morris LJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Manners I, Patrick BO. Alkaline-Earth Derivatives of Diphenylphosphine–Borane. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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17
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Morris LJ, Rajabi NA, Hill MS, Manners I, McMullin CL, Mahon MF. Phosphinoborane interception at magnesium by borane-assisted phosphine-borane dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14584-14591. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ph2PBH2 is generated and trapped on-metal by addition of B(C6F5)3 to a β-diketiminato magnesium phospidoborane complex, similar reactivity is meanwhile prevented for the analogous calcium-based system by formation of a stable η6-toluene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
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18
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Abstract
The catalytic dehydrocoupling of amine–boranes has recently received a great deal of attention due to its potential in hydrogen storage applications. The use of aluminum catalysts for this transformation would provide an additional cost-effective and sustainable approach towards the hydrogen economy. Herein, we report the use of both N-heterocyclic imine (NHI)- and carbene (NHC)-supported Al(III) hydrides and their role in the catalytic dehydrocoupling of Me2NHBH3. Differences in the σ-donating ability of the ligand class resulted in a more stable catalyst for NHI-Al(III) hydrides, whereas a deactivation pathway was found in the case of NHC-Al(III) hydrides.
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19
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Finelli A, Hérault N, Crochet A, Fromm KM. Compartmentalization of Alkaline-Earth Metals in Salen-Type Cu- and Ni-Complexes in Solution and in the Solid State. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10231-10242. [PMID: 31460115 PMCID: PMC6648824 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The precise arrangement of metal ions in type and number by a ligand represents an important challenge in biology as well as in materials science. The preorganization of different metal ions such as alkaline-earth and transition-metal ions is of particular interest for the design of catalysts or precursors of oxides. This study is based on a Ω-shaped salen-derived ligand comprising N2O2 and O2O2 coordination sites. The selective binding of Cu(II) and Ni(II) and alkaline-earth-metal ions is influenced by many factors such as the size of the cation, the solvent, or the counterion. UV-vis and 1H NMR titrations and single-crystal X-ray structures reveal that the obtained complexes tend to adopt different structures in solution compared to the solid state. Mainly discrete motifs with a stoichiometry 1:1 (LM1 to alkaline-earth-metal ions) have been shown to form in the solid state, whereas in solution, the 2:1 complexes are predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Finelli
- Department
of Chemistry and FriMat, Department of Chemistry, University
of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Hérault
- Department
of Chemistry and FriMat, Department of Chemistry, University
of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Crochet
- Department
of Chemistry and FriMat, Department of Chemistry, University
of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M. Fromm
- Department
of Chemistry and FriMat, Department of Chemistry, University
of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Homo- and heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines mediated by alkali metal catalysts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2786. [PMID: 31243267 PMCID: PMC6594957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic chemistry that involves the activation and transformation of main group substrates is relatively undeveloped and current examples are generally mediated by expensive transition metal species. Herein, we describe the use of inexpensive and readily available tBuOK as a catalyst for P-P and P-E (E = O, S, or N) bond formation. Catalytic quantities of tBuOK in the presence of imine, azobenzene hydrogen acceptors, or a stoichiometric amount of tBuOK with hydrazobenzene, allow efficient homodehydrocoupling of phosphines under mild conditions (e.g. 25 °C and < 5 min). Further studies demonstrate that the hydrogen acceptors play an intimate mechanistic role. We also show that our tBuOK catalysed methodology is general for the heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines with alcohols, thiols and amines to generate a range of potentially useful products containing P-O, P-S, or P-N bonds.
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21
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Del Horno E, Jover J, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Ammonia-Borane Derived BN Fragments Trapped on Bi- and Trimetallic Titanium(III) Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:7096-7100. [PMID: 30866106 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Titanium(III) complexes containing unprecedented (NH2 BH2 NHBH3 )2- and {N(BH3 )3 }3- ligands have been isolated, and their structures elucidated by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. The treatment of the trimethyl derivative [TiCp*Me3 ] (Cp*=η5 -C5 Me5 ) with NH3 BH3 (3 equiv) at room temperature gives the paramagnetic dinuclear complex [{TiCp*(NH2 BH3 )}2 (μ-NH2 BH2 NHBH3 )], which at 80 °C leads to the trinuclear hydride derivative [{TiCp*(μ-H)}3 {μ3 -N(BH3 )3 }]. The bonding modes of the anionic BN fragments in those complexes, as well as the dimethylaminoborane group trapped on the analogous trinuclear [{TiCp*(μ-H)}3 (μ3 -H)(μ3 -NMe2 BH2 )], have been studied by X-ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá, de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá, de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá, de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá, de Henares-Madrid, Spain
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22
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Ried ACA, Taylor LJ, Geer AM, Williams HEL, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. A Highly Active Bidentate Magnesium Catalyst for Amine-Borane Dehydrocoupling: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2019; 25:6840-6846. [PMID: 30875128 PMCID: PMC6563444 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A magnesium complex (1) featuring a bidentate aminopyridinato ligand is a remarkably selective catalyst for the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes. This reaction proceeds to completion with low catalyst loadings (1 mol %) under mild conditions (60 °C), exceeding previously reported s-block systems in terms of selectivity, rate, and turnover number (TON). Mechanistic studies by in situ NMR analysis reveals the reaction to be first order in both catalyst and substrate. A reaction mechanism is proposed to account for these findings, with the high TON of the catalyst attributed to the bidentate nature of the ligand, which allows for reversible deprotonation of the substrate and regeneration of 1 as a stable resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Current address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia22904USA
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - William Lewis
- School of ChemistryThe University of Sydney, F11Eastern AveSydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Deborah L. Kays
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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23
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Davin L, Hernán-Gómez A, McLaughlin C, Kennedy AR, McLellan R, Hevia E. Alkali metal and stoichiometric effects in intermolecular hydroamination catalysed by lithium, sodium and potassium magnesiates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8122-8130. [PMID: 31045196 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00923j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Main group bimetallic complexes, while being increasingly used in stoichiometric deprotonation and metal-halogen exchange reactions, have not yet made a significant impact in catalytic applications. This paper explores the ability of alkali metal magnesiates to catalyse the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes and alkenes using sytrene and diphenylacetylene as principle setting model substrates. By systematically studying the role of the alkali-metal and the formulation of the heterobimetallic precatalyst, this study establishes higher order potassium magnesiate [(PMDETA)2K2Mg(CH2SiMe3)4] (7) as a highly effective system capable of catalysing hydroamination of styrene and diphenylacetylene with several amines while operating at room temperature. This high reactivity contrasts with the complete lack of catalytic ability of neutral Mg(CH2SiMe3)2, even when harsher reaction conditions are employed (24 h, 80 °C). A pronounced alkali metal effect is also uncovered proving that the alkali metal (Li, Na, or K) is not a mere spectating counterion. Through stoichiometric reactions, and structural and spectroscopic (DOSY NMR) investigations we shed some light on the potential reaction pathway as well as the constitution of key intermediates. This work suggests that the enhanced catalytic activity of 7 can be rationalised in terms of the superior nucleophilic power of the formally dianionic magnesiate {Mg(NR2)4}2- generated in situ during the hydroamination process, along with the ability of potassium to engage in π-interactions with the unsaturated organic substrate, enhancing its susceptibility towards a nucleophilic attack by the amide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Davin
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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24
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Li Y, Wu M, Chen H, Xu D, Qu L, Zhang J, Bai R, Lan Y. Role of Alkaline-Earth Metal-Catalyst: A Theoretical Study of Pyridines Hydroboration. Front Chem 2019; 7:149. [PMID: 30972320 PMCID: PMC6443636 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the mechanism of alkaline-earth-metal-catalyzed hydroboration of pyridines with borane. In this reaction, the active catalytic species is considered to be an alkaline earth metal hydride complex when the corresponding alkaline earth metal is used as the catalyst. The theoretical results reveal that initiation of the catalytic cycle is hydride transfer to generate a magnesium hydride complex when β-diimine alkylmagnesium is used as a pre-catalyst. The magnesium hydride complex can undergo coordination of the pyridine reactant followed by hydride transfer to form a dearomatized magnesium pyridine intermediate. Coordination of borane and hydride transfer from borohydride to magnesium then give the hydroboration product and regenerate the active magnesium hydride catalyst. The rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle is hydride transfer to pyridine with a free energy barrier of 29.7 kcal/mol. Other alkaline earth metal complexes, including calcium and strontium complexes, were also considered. The DFT calculations show that the corresponding activation free energies for the rate-determining step of this reaction with calcium and strontium catalysts are much lower than with the magnesium catalyst. Therefore, calcium and strontium complexes can be used as the catalyst for the reaction, which could allow mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Lipid Resources and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Meijun Wu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Zheng X, Huang J, Yao Y, Xu X. Stoichiometric reactions and catalytic dehydrogenations of amine–boranes with calcium aryloxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9152-9155. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A calcium aryloxide complex reacts with amine–boranes to give unprecedented amine–borane coordinated complexes through Ca⋯H interactions, which serve as active species for catalytic dehydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jiasu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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26
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Turner J, Chilton NF, Kumar A, Colebatch AL, Whittell GR, Sparkes HA, Weller AS, Manners I. Iron Precatalysts with Bulky Tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligands for the Dehydrocoupling of Dimethylamine-Borane. Chemistry 2018; 24:14127-14136. [PMID: 29573487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to prepare new Fe catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes and to provide mechanistic insight, the paramagnetic FeII dimeric complex [Cp'FeI]2 (1) (Cp'=η5 -((1,2,4-tBu)3 C5 H2 )) was used as a precursor to a series of cyclopentadienyl FeII and FeIII mononuclear species. The complexes prepared were [Cp'Fe(η6 -Tol)][Cp'FeI2 ] (2) (Tol=C6 H5 Me), [Cp'Fe(η6 -Tol)][BArF4 ] (3) (BArF4 =[B(C6 H3 (m-CF3 )2 )4 ]- ), [N(nBu)4 ][Cp'FeI2 ] (4), Cp'FeI2 (5), and [Cp'Fe(MeCN)3 ][BArF4 ] (6). The electronic structure of the [Cp'FeI2 ]- anion in 2 and 4 was investigated by SQUID magnetometry, EPR spectroscopy and ab initio Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field-Spin Orbit (CASSCF-SO) calculations, and the studies revealed a strongly anisotropic S=2 ground state. Complexes 1-6 were investigated as catalysts for the dehydrocoupling of Me2 NH⋅BH3 (I) in THF at 20 °C to yield the cyclodiborazane product [Me2 N-BH2 ]2 (IV). Complexes 1-4 and 6 were active dehydrocoupling catalysts towards I (5 mol % loading), however 5 was inactive, and ultra-violet (UV) irradiation was required for the reaction mediated by 3. Complex 6 was found to be the most active precatalyst, reaching 80 % conversion to IV after 19 h at 22 °C. Dehydrocoupling of I by 1-4 proceeded via formation of the aminoborane Me2 N=BH2 (II) as the major intermediate, whereas for 6 the linear diborazane Me2 NH-BH2 -NMe2 -BH3 (III) could be detected, together with trace amounts of II. Reactions of 1 and 6 with Me3 N⋅BH3 were investigated in an attempt to identify Fe-based intermediates in the catalytic reactions. The σ-complex [Cp'Fe(MeCN)(κ2 -H2 BH⋅NMe2 H][BArF4 ] was proposed to initially form in dehydrocoupling reactions involving 6 based on ESI-MS (ESI=Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectroscopy) and NMR spectroscopic evidence. The latter also suggests that these complexes function as precursors to iron hydrides which may be the true catalytic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Hazel A Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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27
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Possart J, Uhl W. Influence of the Lewis Acidity of Gallium Atoms on the Reactivity of a Frustrated Lewis Pair: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Possart
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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28
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Forosenko NV, Basalov IV, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Shubina ES, Trifonov AA. Amido Ca(ii) complexes supported by Schiff base ligands for catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of amines with silanes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12570-12581. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic Ca(ii) amides coordinated by multidentate phenolato ligands proved to be efficient catalysts for catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of amines with silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Forosenko
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- GSP-445, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Basalov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- GSP-445, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- GSP-445, Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- GSP-445, Russia
| | - Elena S. Shubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- GSP-1, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- GSP-445, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
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29
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Nolla-Saltiel R, Geer AM, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. Dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane mediated by Group 1 pincer complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1825-1828. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal carbazolido complexes are precatalysts for the dehydrogenation of Me2NH·BH3, where the cation plays a vital role in the reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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30
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Mukherjee D, Okuda J. Molecular Magnesium Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:1458-1473. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
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32
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Orr SA, Robertson SD. 1-Alkali-metal-2-alkyl-1,2-dihydropyridines: Soluble Hydride Surrogates for Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling and Hydroboration Applications. Chemistry 2017; 23:16853-16861. [PMID: 28940713 PMCID: PMC5820744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Equipped with excellent hydrocarbon solubility, the lithium hydride surrogate 1-lithium-2-tert-butyl-1,2-dihydropyridine (1tLi) functions as a precatalyst to convert Me2 NH⋅BH3 to [NMe2 BH2 ]2 (89 % conversion) under competitive conditions (2.5 mol %, 60 h, 80 °C, toluene solvent) to that of previously reported LiN(SiMe3 )2 . Sodium and potassium dihydropyridine congeners produce similar high yields of [NMe2 BH2 ]2 but require longer times. Switching the solvent to pyridine induces a remarkable change in the dehydrocoupling product ratio, with (NMe2 )2 BH favoured over [NMe2 BH2 ]2 (e.g., 94 %:2 % for 1tLi). Demonstrating its versatility, precatalyst 1tLi was also successful in promoting hydroboration reactions between pinacolborane and a selection of aldehydes and ketones. Most reactions gave near quantitative conversion to the hydroborated products in 15 minutes, though sterically demanding carbonyl substrates require longer times. The mechanisms of these rare examples of Group 1 metal-catalysed processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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33
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Bhunya S, Paul A. Designing an Effective Metal-Free Lewis Acid Catalyst for Ammonia-Borane Dehydrogenation: A DFT Investigation on Triarylboranes. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhunya
- Raman Centre for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata- 32 India
| | - Ankan Paul
- Raman Centre for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata- 32 India
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34
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Coles NT, Mahon MF, Webster RL. Phosphine- and Amine-Borane Dehydrocoupling Using a Three-Coordinate Iron(II) β-Diketiminate Precatalyst. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Coles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
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35
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Izod K, Watson JM, El-Hamruni SM, Harrington RW, Waddell PG. Alkali-Metal- and Alkaline-Earth-Metal-Mediated C–O Activation of an Anisole-Substituted Phosphido–Borane Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories,
School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James M. Watson
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories,
School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Salima M. El-Hamruni
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories,
School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories,
School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories,
School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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36
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Anker MD, Arrowsmith M, Arrowsmith RL, Hill MS, Mahon MF. Alkaline-Earth Derivatives of the Reactive [HB(C6F5)3]− Anion. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5976-5983. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D. Anker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Rory L. Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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37
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Robertson SD, Mulvey RE. Lithium Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation Catalysis: A Group 1 Approach to the Cyclization of Diamine Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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38
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Robertson SD, Mulvey RE. Lithium Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation Catalysis: A Group 1 Approach to the Cyclization of Diamine Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1036-1041. [PMID: 28000994 PMCID: PMC5396369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In reactions restricted previously to a ruthenium catalyst, a 1‐lithium‐2‐alkyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridine complex is shown to be a competitive alternative dehydrogenation catalyst for the transformation of diamine boranes into cyclic 1,3,2‐diazaborolidines, which can in turn be smoothly arylated in good yields. This study established the conditions and solvent dependence of the catalysis through NMR monitoring, with mechanistic insight provided by NMR (including DOSY) experiments and X‐ray crystallographic studies of several model lithio intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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39
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Schnitzler S, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Reactivity of a Molecular Magnesium Hydride Featuring a Terminal Magnesium–Hydrogen Bond. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12997-13006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schnitzler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Metters OJ, Flynn SR, Dowds CK, Sparkes HA, Manners I, Wass DF. Catalytic Dehydrocoupling of Amine–Boranes using Cationic Zirconium(IV)–Phosphine Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen J. Metters
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Stephanie R. Flynn
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Christiana K. Dowds
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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41
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Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF. Calcium, Strontium and Barium Homogeneous Catalysts for Fine Chemicals Synthesis. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2482-2505. [PMID: 27353504 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The large alkaline earths (Ae), calcium, strontium and barium, have in the past 15 years yielded a brand new generation of heteroleptic molecular catalysts for the production of fine chemicals. However, the integrity of these complexes is often plagued by ligand redistribution equilibria in solution. This personal account retraces the paths followed in our research group towards the design of stable heteroleptic alkalino-earth complexes, including the use of intramolecular noncovalent Ae···H-Si and Ae···F-C interactions. Their implementation as homogenous precatalysts for reactions such as the intramolecular and intermolecular hydroamination and hydrophosphination of activated alkenes, the hydrophosphonylation of ketones, and the dehydrogenative coupling of amines and hydrosilanes that enable the efficient and controlled formations of CP, CN, or SiN σ-bonds, is presented in a synthetic perspective that highlights their overall outstanding catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Sarazin
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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42
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Rossin A, Peruzzini M. Ammonia–Borane and Amine–Borane Dehydrogenation Mediated by Complex Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8848-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of
Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Maurizio Peruzzini
- Institute of Chemistry of
Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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43
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Hill MS, Liptrot DJ, Weetman C. Alkaline earths as main group reagents in molecular catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:972-88. [PMID: 26797470 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed some remarkable advances in our appreciation of the structural and reaction chemistry of the heavier alkaline earth (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) elements. Derived from complexes of these metals in their immutable +2 oxidation state, a broad and widely applicable catalytic chemistry has also emerged, driven by considerations of cost and inherent low toxicity. The considerable adjustments incurred to ionic radius and resultant cation charge density also provide reactivity with significant mechanistic and kinetic variability as group 2 is descended. In an attempt to place these advances in the broader context of contemporary main group element chemistry, this review focusses on the developing state of the art in both multiple bond heterofunctionalisation and cross coupling catalysis. We review specific advances in alkene and alkyne hydroamination and hydrophosphination catalysis and related extensions of this reactivity that allow the synthesis of a wide variety of acyclic and heterocyclic small molecules. The use of heavier alkaline earth hydride derivatives as pre-catalysts and intermediates in multiple bond hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration is also described along with the emergence of these and related reagents in a variety of dehydrocoupling processes that allow that facile catalytic construction of Si-C, Si-N and B-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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44
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Bellham P, Anker MD, Hill MS, Kociok-Köhn G, Mahon MF. The significance of secondary interactions during alkaline earth-promoted dehydrogenation of dialkylamine-boranes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13969-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of anilidoimine magnesium n-butyl and calcium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide derivatives with Me2NH·BH3 at 25 °C resulted in the isolation of complexes containing [NMe2BH2NMe2BH3]− and [NMe2BH3]− anions respectively.
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45
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Melen RL. Dehydrocoupling routes to element–element bonds catalysed by main group compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:775-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Tutorial Review focuses on recent applications of main group compounds in the catalytic synthesis of heteronuclear element–element bonds within the p-block.
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46
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Less RJ, García-Rodríguez R, Simmonds HR, Allen LK, Bond AD, Wright DS. Use of crown ethers to isolate intermediates in ammonia-borane dehydrocoupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3650-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 18-crown-6 in the Lewis acid-promoted dehydrocoupling reaction of ammonia borane permits isolation of [(THF)BH2NH3]+ cation.
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47
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Stennett TE, Harder S. s-Block amidoboranes: syntheses, structures, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1112-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly versatile amidoborane compounds of the group 1 and 2 metals are reviewed, with an emphasis on their synthesis, structures and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E. Stennett
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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48
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Hooper TN, Weller AS, Beattie NA, Macgregor SA. Dehydrocoupling of phosphine-boranes using the [RhCp*Me(PMe 3)(CH 2Cl 2)][BAr F4] precatalyst: stoichiometric and catalytic studies. Chem Sci 2015; 7:2414-2426. [PMID: 29997783 PMCID: PMC6003611 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed experimental and computational studies are reported on the fundamental B–H and P–H bond activation steps involved in the dehydrocoupling/dehydropolymerization of primary and secondary phosphine–boranes, H3B·PPhR′H (R = Ph, H), using the [RhCp*(PMe3)Me(ClCH2Cl)][BArF4] catalyst.
We report a detailed, combined experimental and computational study on the fundamental B–H and P–H bond activation steps involved in the dehydrocoupling/dehydropolymerization of primary and secondary phosphine–boranes, H3B·PPhR′H (R = Ph, H), using [RhCp*(PMe3)Me(ClCH2Cl)][BArF4], to either form polyphosphino-boranes [H2B·PPhH]n (Mn ∼ 15 000 g mol–1, PDI = 2.2) or the linear diboraphosphine H3B·PPh2BH2·PPh2H. A likely polymer-growth pathway of reversible chain transfer step-growth is suggested for H3B·PPhH2. Using secondary phosphine–boranes as model substrates a combined synthesis, structural (X-ray crystallography), labelling and computational approach reveals: initial bond activation pathways (B–H activation precedes P–H activation); key intermediates (phosphido-boranes, α-B-agostic base-stabilized boryls); and a catalytic route to the primary diboraphosphine (H3B·PPhHBH2·PPhH2). It is also shown that by changing the substituent at phosphorus (Ph or Cy versustBu) different final products result (phosphido-borane or base stabilized phosphino-borane respectively). These studies provide detailed insight into the pathways that are operating during dehydropolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Hooper
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Nicholas A Beattie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
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49
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Rochat R, Lopez MJ, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Recent Developments in Homogeneous Organomagnesium Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rochat
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University and CREST, JST Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Michael J. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University and CREST, JST Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University and CREST, JST Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University and CREST, JST Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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50
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Liptrot DJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Wilson ASS. Alkaline-Earth-Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Amines and Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13362-5. [PMID: 26360523 PMCID: PMC4674969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrocoupling reactions between the boranes HBpin and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and a range of amines and anilines ensue under very mild reaction conditions in the presence of a simple β-diketiminato magnesium n-butyl precatalyst. The facility of the reactions is suggested to be a function of the Lewis acidity of the borane substrate, and is dictated by resultant pre-equilibria between, and the relative stability of, magnesium hydride and borohydride intermediates during the course of the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Liptrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (UK).
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
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