1
|
Ushakov PY, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Regio- and diastereoselective access to densely functionalized ketones via the Boekelheide rearrangement of isoxazoline N-oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5624-5637. [PMID: 35796681 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the classical "isoxazoline route" toward aldols involving the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxide to alkenes and hydrogenolysis of the oxime group was revisited. To avoid regioselectivity issues, [4 + 1]-annulation of nitroalkenes with sulfonium ylides was used to construct the isoxazoline ring bearing an N-oxide moiety. Subsequent deoxygenative C-H functionalization using the Boekelheide rearrangement and hydrogenolysis of the isoxazoline ring afforded α'-acyloxy-substituted aldols, which are difficult to access both by the classical aldol reaction and the "isoxazoline route". The products are formed in good to high overall yields and as single diastereomers in most cases. The synthetic use of these aldols was showcased by their smooth transformation into diastereomerically pure triols and a 2,3-diaryl-4-hydroxy-substituted tetrahydrofuran derivative, which is structurally related to cinncassin B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yu Ushakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gurbanov AV, Kuznetsov ML, Karmakar A, Aliyeva VA, Mahmudov KT, Pombeiro AJL. Halogen bonding in cadmium(II) MOFs: its influence on the structure and on the nitroaldol reaction in aqueous medium. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1019-1031. [PMID: 34935834 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A solvothermal reaction of Cd(II) with the dicarboxyl-functionalized arylhydrazone pro-ligands, 5-(2-(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro-pyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)hydrazineyl)isophthalic acid (H5L1) and 5-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)isophthalic acid (H3L2), or their halogen bond donor centre(s) decorated analogs 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2-(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)hydrazineyl)isophthalic acid (H5L3) and 5-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid (H3L4), leads to the formation of known [Cd(H3L1)(H2O)2]n (1) and new {[Cd(HL2)(H2O)2(DMF)]·H2O}n (2), [Cd(H3L3)]n (3) and {[Cd2(μ-H2O)2(μ-H2L4)2(H2L4)2]·2H2O}n (4) coordination compounds, respectively. The aggregation of mononuclear units via Cd-OC and Cd-OH2 coordination and CAr-I⋯I types of intramolecular halogen bonds lead to a dinuclear tecton 4. Both CAr-I⋯O and CAr-I⋯I types of intermolecular halogen bonds play a fundamental role in the supramolecular architectures of the obtained metal-organic frameworks 3 and 4. Theoretical (DFT) calculations confirmed the presence of the CAr-I⋯O and CAr-I⋯I halogen bonds in 3 and 4 and allowed their characterisation. The formation of intermolecular noncovalent interactions between the attached iodine substituents to the hydrazone ligands and polar solvent (water or methanol) molecules promoted, at least in part, the solubility of the corresponding complexes (3 and 4), which act as homogeneous catalyst precursors in the Henry reaction between aldehydes and nitroethane. The corresponding β-nitroalkanol products were obtained in good yields (66-79%) and with good diastereoselectivity (threo/erythro ca. 72 : 28) in water at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atash V Gurbanov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. .,Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Anirban Karmakar
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vusala A Aliyeva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Kamran T Mahmudov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. .,Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Research Institute of Chemistry, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Yu B, Lu Z. Chiral Imidazoline Ligands and Their Applications in
Metal‐Catalyzed
Asymmetric Synthesis
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis of chiral salan ligands with bulky substituents and their application in Cu-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Dong L, Chen FE. Asymmetric catalysis in direct nitromethane-free Henry reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2313-2326. [PMID: 35494598 PMCID: PMC9048686 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state and applications of catalytic Henry reactions involving complex nitroalkanes coupling with various carbonyl compounds to generate chiral β-nitro alcohol scaffolds with four adjacent stereogenic centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. of China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A new type of L-Tertiary leucine-derived ligand: Synthesis and application in Cu(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Asymmetric Cu-catalyzed Henry reaction using chiral camphor Schiff bases immobilized on a macromolecular chain. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Dixit A, Kumar P, Singh S. Synthesis of chiral salalen ligands and their in-situ generated Cu-complexes for asymmetric Henry reaction. Chirality 2018; 30:1257-1268. [PMID: 30238505 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral salalen ligands derived from (S)-proline and derivatives of salicyaldehydes were synthesized, and their in-situ generated Cu (II) complexes were evaluated in the asymmetric Henry reaction. Salalen ligand of different substituents on the phenyl moiety showed remarkable effect on the enantioselectivity of nitro-aldol product of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and nitromethane. Cu (II) complex generated in situ with (S)-2-(tert-butyl)-6-((2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylidene)amino)methyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenol (10 mol%) and Cu (OAc)2 .H2 O (10 mol%), found to be better catalyst for nitro-aldol reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and nitromethane, gave corresponding product in 85% yield and 88% enantiomeric excess (ee) in isopropanol at 35°C after 40 hours. The catalyst also used for the Henry reaction with different substituted benzaldehydes and corresponding products were obtained in 22% to 99% yields with 66% to 92% ee. Henry reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and prochiral nitroethane gave anti-selective product (dr = 79/21; anti/syn) in a 91% yield with 80% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Huang Y, Gui Y, Sun J, Li J, Zha Z, Wang Z. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Henry Reaction of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters with Nitromethane in Water. Org Lett 2017; 19:6416-6419. [PMID: 29152983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Henry reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with nitromethane in water by virtue of chiral copper complexes has been developed. A series of unsaturated β-nitro-α-hydroxy esters bearing tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters were obtained exclusively with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. This method could avoid tedious anaerobic anhydrous manipulation and reduce the environmental pollution caused by organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yekai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jindong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rossi S, Porta R, Brenna D, Puglisi A, Benaglia M. Stereoselective Catalytic Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Homemade 3D-Printed Mesoreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Porta
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Davide Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rossi S, Porta R, Brenna D, Puglisi A, Benaglia M. Stereoselective Catalytic Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Homemade 3D-Printed Mesoreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4290-4294. [PMID: 28345159 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3D-printed flow reactors were designed, fabricated from different materials (PLA, HIPS, nylon), and used for a catalytic stereoselective Henry reaction. The use of readily prepared and tunable 3D-printed reactors enabled the rapid screening of devices with different sizes, shapes, and channel dimensions, aimed at the identification of the best-performing reactor setup. The optimized process afforded the products in high yields, moderate diastereoselectivity, and up to 90 % ee. The method was applied to the continuous-flow synthesis of biologically active chiral 1,2-amino alcohols (norephedrine, metaraminol, and methoxamine) through a two-step sequence combining the nitroaldol reaction with a hydrogenation. To highlight potential industrial applications of this method, a multistep continuous synthesis of norephedrine has been realized. The product was isolated without any intermediate purifications or solvent switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Porta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murugavel G, Sadhu P, Punniyamurthy T. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reactions: Recent Developments. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1906-17. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Kaldun J, Prause F, Scharnagel D, Freitag F, Breuning M. Evaluation of 5-cis-Substituted Prolinamines as Ligands in Enantioselective, Copper-Catalyzed Henry Reactions. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kaldun
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Felix Prause
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Dagmar Scharnagel
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Frederik Freitag
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory; University of Bayreuth; Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Deng P, Zeng Y, Xiong Y, Zhou H. anti-Selective Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by a Heterobimetallic Cu–Sm–Aminophenol Sulfonamide Complex. Org Lett 2016; 18:1578-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of
Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of
Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youmao Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of
Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of
Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tseberlidis G, Dell'Acqua M, Valcarenghi D, Gallo E, Rossi E, Abbiati G, Caselli A. Silver comes into play: Henry reaction and domino cycloisomerisation sequence catalysed by [Ag(i)(Pc-L)] complexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ag(i) complexes of pyridine-containing ligands with an active pendant arm are new catalysts for an old reaction: the nitroaldol condensation. When the substrates are 2-alkynylarylaldehydes, a smart cascade cycloisomerisation process can occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Dell'Acqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | | | - Emma Gallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Giorgio Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scharnagel D, Müller A, Prause F, Eck M, Goller J, Milius W, Breuning M. The First Modular Route to Core-Chiral Bispidine Ligands and Their Application in Enantioselective Copper(II)-Catalyzed Henry Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:12488-500. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
17
|
Häring M, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Kühbeck D, Pettignano A, Quignard F, Díaz DD. DNA-catalyzed Henry reaction in pure water and the striking influence of organic buffer systems. Molecules 2015; 20:4136-47. [PMID: 25749682 PMCID: PMC6272779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript we report a critical evaluation of the ability of natural DNA to mediate the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction at physiological temperature in pure water. Under these conditions, no background reaction took place (i.e., control experiment without DNA). Both heteroaromatic aldehydes (e.g., 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde) and aromatic aldehydes bearing strong or moderate electron-withdrawing groups reacted satisfactorily with nitromethane obeying first order kinetics and affording the corresponding β-nitroalcohols in good yields within 24 h. In contrast, aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes having electron-donating groups either did not react or were poorly converted. Moreover, we discovered that a number of metal-free organic buffers efficiently promote the Henry reaction when they were used as reaction media without adding external catalysts. This constitutes an important observation because the influence of organic buffers in chemical processes has been traditionally underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Häring
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Dennis Kühbeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Asja Pettignano
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-UMR 5253 CNRS-UMII-ENSCM-UMI, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Françoise Quignard
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier-UMR 5253 CNRS-UMII-ENSCM-UMI, Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
- IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rossi S, Benaglia M, Porta R, Cotarca L, Maragni P, Verzini M. A Stereoselective Catalytic Nitroaldol Reaction as the Key Step in a Strategy for the Synthesis of the Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
19
|
Mei H, Xiao X, Zhao X, Fang B, Liu X, Lin L, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Henry Reaction of Nitroalkanes and Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Chiral N,N′-Dioxide/Cu(I) Complex. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2272-80. [PMID: 25635710 DOI: 10.1021/jo5027832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakamura S. Enantioselective Reaction Using Palladium Pincer Complexes with C2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sohtome Y. Exploring Conformationally Flexible Organocatalysts and Their Applications to Dynamic Asymmetric Catalysis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Moritz Bauer J, Peters R. Catalytic asymmetric [3,3]-rearrangements of allylic acetimidates. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of non-halogenated acetimidates in combination with an enzymatic amide hydrolysis is attractive to get almost enantiopure allylic amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Moritz Bauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - René Peters
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weiss M, Peters R. Catalytic Direct Dehydrogenative Cross-Couplings of C–H (Pro)Nucleophiles and Allylic Alcohols without an Additional Oxidant. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501495g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Weiss
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Peters
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sudheendran M, Eitel SH, Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR, Peters R. Heterogenization of ferrocene palladacycle catalysts on ROMP-derived monolithic supports and application to a Michael addition. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Gao Z, Zhang L, Sun Z, Yu H, Xiao Y, Guo H. DABCO-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of sulfamate-derived cyclic imines with isocyanoacetates: synthesis of sulfamate-fused 2-imidazoline. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5691-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Direct Enantioselective Three-Component Synthesis of Optically Active Propargylamines in Water. Chemistry 2014; 20:8848-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Scharnagel D, Prause F, Kaldun J, Haase RG, Breuning M. (2S,5R)-2-Methylaminomethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine, a chiral diamine ligand for copper(ii)-catalysed Henry reactions with superb enantiocontrol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6623-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper(ii)-complexes of a cis-2-aminomethyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine catalyse enantioselective Henry reactions with extraordinarily high stereocontrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Scharnagel
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix Prause
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaldun
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robert G. Haase
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang L, Wu H, Yang Z, Xu X, Zhao H, Huang Y, Wang Y. Synthesis and computation of diastereomeric phenanthroline–quinine ligands and their application in asymmetric Henry reaction. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
29
|
Qin D, Yu W, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Ruan Y, Zhou Z, Chen H. syn
‐ and Enantioselective Henry Reactions of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Application to the Synthesis of Safingol. Chemistry 2013; 19:16541-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Dan Qin
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Jie‐Dan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Yan‐Cheng Zhang
- Nantong Huafeng Chemical Co. Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226531 (P. R. China)
| | - Yuan‐Ping Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Zhao‐Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| | - Hong‐Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry for Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 592‐2185192
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Yan S, Gong Y. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Henry Reaction of Enals and Subsequent Iodocyclization: Stereoselective Construction of Chiral Azatricyclic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10265-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Yan S, Gong Y. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Henry Reaction of Enals and Subsequent Iodocyclization: Stereoselective Construction of Chiral Azatricyclic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
32
|
Nakamura S, Hyodo K, Nakamura M, Nakane D, Masuda H. Catalytic Enantioselective Allylation of Ketimines by Using Palladium Pincer Complexes with Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s. Chemistry 2013; 19:7304-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Hyodo K, Kondo M, Funahashi Y, Nakamura S. Catalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanoalkylation of Imines by Using Palladium Pincer Complexes withC2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s. Chemistry 2013; 19:4128-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
35
|
Eitel SH, Jautze S, Frey W, Peters R. Asymmetric Michael additions of α-cyanoacetates by soft Lewis acid/hard Brønsted acid catalysis: stereodivergency with bi- vs. monometallic catalysts. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
36
|
Ebru Aydin A, Yuksekdanaci S. Asymmetric Henry reactions catalyzed by metal complexes of chiral oxazoline based ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
37
|
Yang F, Wang Z, Song F, Liu X, Lan J, You J. One-step synthesis of imidazoline-containing macrocycles and their complexation with fullerenes C60 and C70. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5975-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
38
|
Promotion of Henry reactions using Cu(OTf)2 and a sterically hindered Schiff base: access to enantioenriched β-hydroxynitroalkanes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
39
|
Hyodo K, Nakamura S, Shibata N. Enantioselective Aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reactions of Acrylonitrile Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes havingC2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline) Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Hyodo K, Nakamura S, Shibata N. Enantioselective Aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reactions of Acrylonitrile Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes havingC2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline) Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10337-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
41
|
Boobalan R, Lee G, Chen C. Copper Complex of Aminoisoborneol Schiff Base Cu
2
(SBAIB‐d)
2
: An Efficient Catalyst for Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Boobalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Soufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China, Fax: (+886)‐3‐836‐0475
| | - Gene‐Hsian Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Soufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, Republic of China, Fax: (+886)‐3‐836‐0475
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu K, Lai G, Zha Z, Pan S, Chen H, Wang Z. A Highlyanti-Selective Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Copper Complex: Applications to the Syntheses of (+)-Spisulosine and a Pyrroloisoquinoline Derivative. Chemistry 2012; 18:12357-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
43
|
Sohtome Y, Nagasawa K. Dynamic asymmetric organocatalysis: cooperative effects of weak interactions and conformational flexibility in asymmetric organocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7777-89. [PMID: 22737686 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31846f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances by our research group in the design and applications of conformationally flexible guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts to facilitate unique bond-forming processes, including retro-free, enantiodivergent, entropy-controlled, and cycle-specific organocatalysis. Special emphasis is placed on the key requirements to attain high selectivity and on functional switching by exploiting the structural flexibility of our organocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arai T, Sakagami K. Asymmetric Benzoylation of meso-Hydrobenzoin Using a Reusable Tripodal Imidazoline-Pyridine-Cu Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
45
|
Lang K, Park J, Hong S. Urea/Transition-Metal Cooperative Catalyst for anti-Selective Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1620-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
Lang K, Park J, Hong S. Urea/Transition-Metal Cooperative Catalyst for anti-Selective Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Ohara M, Nakamura S, Shibata N. Direct Enantioselective Three-Component Kabachnik-Fields Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Bis(imidazoline)-Zinc(II) Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
48
|
Hyodo K, Nakamura S, Tsuji K, Ogawa T, Funahashi Y, Shibata N. Enantioselective Reaction of Imines and Benzyl Nitriles Using Palladium Pincer Complexes withC2-Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
49
|
Catalytic anti-selective asymmetric Henry (nitroaldol) reaction catalyzed by Cu(I)–amine–imine complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
50
|
Roy A, Reddy LA, Dwivedi N, Naram J, Swapna R, Malakondaiah GC, Ravikumar M, Bhalerao D, Pratap TB, Reddy PP, Bhattacharya A, Bandichhor R. Diastereoselective synthesis of a core fragment of ritonavir and lopinavir. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|