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Fernández F, Fernández AG, Balo R, Sánchez-Pedregal VM, Royo M, Soengas RG, Estévez RJ, Estévez JC. Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentane β-Amino Acids Derived from d-Mannose and d-Galactose: Synthesis and Protocol for Incorporation into Peptides. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2002-2014. [PMID: 35071888 PMCID: PMC8772316 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of polyhydroxylated cyclopentane β-amino acids from hexoses is reported. The reaction sequence comprises, as key steps, ring-closing metathesis of a polysubstituted diene intermediate followed by the stereoselective aza-Michael functionalization of the resulting cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid ester. Examples of synthesis of polysubstituted 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives starting from protected d-mannose and d-galactose are presented. A general protocol for the incorporation of these highly functionalized alicyclic β-amino acids into peptides is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernández
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto G. Fernández
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalino Balo
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Sánchez-Pedregal
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto
de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel G. Soengas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón J. Estévez
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan C. Estévez
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Santi S, Bisello A, Cardena R, Tomelleri S, Schiesari R, Biondi B, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Flat, C α,β -Didehydroalanine Foldamers with Ferrocene Pendants: Assessing the Role of α-Peptide Dipolar Moments. Chempluschem 2021; 86:723-730. [PMID: 33825347 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The foldamer field is continuously expanding as it allows to produce molecules endowed with 3D-structures and functions never observed in nature. We synthesized flat foldamers based on the natural, but non-coded, Cα,β -didehydroalanine α-amino acid, and covalently linked to them two ferrocene (Fc) moieties, as redox probes. These conjugates retain the flat and extended conformation of the 2.05 -helix, both in solution and in the crystal state (X-ray diffraction). Cyclic voltammetry measurements agree with the adoption of the 2.05 -helix, characterized by a negligible dipole moment. Thus, elongated α-peptide stretches of this type are insulators rather than charge conductors, the latter being constituted by peptide α-helices. Also, our homo-tetrapeptide has a N-to-C length of about 18.2 Å, almost double than that (9.7 Å) of an α-helical α-tetrapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Szigyártó IC, Mihály J, Wacha A, Bogdán D, Juhász T, Kohut G, Schlosser G, Zsila F, Urlacher V, Varga Z, Fülöp F, Bóta A, Mándity I, Beke-Somfai T. Membrane active Janus-oligomers of β 3-peptides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6868-6881. [PMID: 33042513 PMCID: PMC7504880 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of an acyclic β3-hexapeptide with alternating side chain chirality, into nanometer size oligomeric bundles showing membrane activity and hosting capacity for hydrophobic small molecules.
Self-assembling peptides offer a versatile set of tools for bottom-up construction of supramolecular biomaterials. Among these compounds, non-natural peptidic foldamers experience increased focus due to their structural variability and lower sensitivity to enzymatic degradation. However, very little is known about their membrane properties and complex oligomeric assemblies – key areas for biomedical and technological applications. Here we designed short, acyclic β3-peptide sequences with alternating amino acid stereoisomers to obtain non-helical molecules having hydrophilic charged residues on one side, and hydrophobic residues on the other side, with the N-terminus preventing formation of infinite fibrils. Our results indicate that these β-peptides form small oligomers both in water and in lipid bilayers and are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In the presence of model membranes, they either prefer the headgroup regions or they insert between the lipid chains. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest the formation of two-layered bundles with their side chains facing opposite directions when compared in water and in model membranes. Analysis of the MD calculations showed hydrogen bonds inside each layer, however, not between the layers, indicating a dynamic assembly. Moreover, the aqueous form of these oligomers can host fluorescent probes as well as a hydrophobic molecule similarly to e.g. lipid transfer proteins. For the tested, peptides the mixed chirality pattern resulted in similar assemblies despite sequential differences. Based on this, it is hoped that the presented molecular framework will inspire similar oligomers with diverse functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Cs Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - András Wacha
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Dóra Bogdán
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Semmelweis University , H-1092 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Gergely Kohut
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Institute of Chemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- Institute of Chemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Vlada Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry , Heinrich-Heine University , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group , Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Szeged , H-6720 Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - István Mándity
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Semmelweis University , H-1092 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Physical Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg , Sweden
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Mayo DJ, Sahu ID, Lorigan GA. Assessing topology and surface orientation of an antimicrobial peptide magainin 2 using mechanically aligned bilayers and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 213:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bortolus M, Wright K, Toffoletti A, Toniolo C, Maniero AL. Self-association of an enantiopure β-pentapeptide in nematic liquid crystals. Chemistry 2013; 19:17963-8. [PMID: 24243483 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report for the first time that nematic liquid-crystalline environments drive the reversible self-aggregation of an enantiopure β-pentapeptide into oligomers with a well-defined structure. The peptide contains four (1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid (ACPC) residues and the paramagnetic β-amino acid (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (POAC). The structure of the oligomers was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which allowed us to obtain the intermonomer distance distribution in the aggregates as a function of peptide concentration in two nematic liquid crystals, E7 and ZLI-4792. The aggregates were modeled on the basis of the EPR data, and their orientation and order in the nematic phase were studied by the surface tensor method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova (Italy), Fax: (+39) 049-827-5050
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The spin label amino acid TOAC and its uses in studies of peptides: chemical, physicochemical, spectroscopic, and conformational aspects. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:45-66. [PMID: 22347893 PMCID: PMC3271205 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-011-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We review work on the paramagnetic amino acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid, TOAC, and its applications in studies of peptides and peptide synthesis. TOAC was the first spin label probe incorporated in peptides by means of a peptide bond. In view of the rigid character of this cyclic molecule and its attachment to the peptide backbone via a peptide bond, TOAC incorporation has been very useful to analyze backbone dynamics and peptide secondary structure. Many of these studies were performed making use of EPR spectroscopy, but other physical techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, CD, fluorescence, NMR, and FT-IR, have been employed. The use of double-labeled synthetic peptides has allowed the investigation of their secondary structure. A large number of studies have focused on the interaction of peptides, both synthetic and biologically active, with membranes. In the latter case, work has been reported on ligands and fragments of GPCR, host defense peptides, phospholamban, and β-amyloid. EPR studies of macroscopically aligned samples have provided information on the orientation of peptides in membranes. More recent studies have focused on peptide–protein and peptide–nucleic acid interactions. Moreover, TOAC has been shown to be a valuable probe for paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR studies of the interaction of labeled peptides with proteins. The growth of the number of TOAC-related publications suggests that this unnatural amino acid will find increasing applications in the future.
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Studying biomolecular complexes with pulsed electron–electron double resonance spectroscopy. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:128-39. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0390128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The function of biomolecules is intrinsically linked to their structure and the complexes they form during function. Techniques for the determination of structures and dynamics of these nanometre assemblies are therefore important for an understanding on the molecular level. PELDOR (pulsed electron–electron double resonance) is a pulsed EPR method that can be used to reliably and precisely measure distances in the range 1.5–8 nm, to unravel orientations and to determine the number of monomers in complexes. In conjunction with site-directed spin labelling, it can be applied to biomolecules of all sizes in aqueous solutions or membranes. PELDOR is therefore complementary to the methods of X-ray crystallography, NMR and FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and is becoming a powerful method for structural determination of biomolecules. In the present review, the methods of PELDOR are discussed and examples where PELDOR has been used to obtain structural information on biomolecules are summarized.
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Aitken DJ, Drouin L, Goretta S, Guillot R, Ollivier J, Spiga M. Stereoselective preparation of β,γ-methano-GABA derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7517-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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