1
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Deng JR, González MT, Zhu H, Anderson HL, Leary E. Ballistic Conductance through Porphyrin Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3651-3659. [PMID: 38301131 PMCID: PMC10870699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The search for long molecular wires that can transport charge with maximum efficiency over many nanometers has driven molecular electronics since its inception. Single-molecule conductance normally decays with length and is typically far below the theoretical limit of G0 (77.5 μS). Here, we measure the conductances of a family of edge-fused porphyrin ribbons (lengths 1-7 nm) that display remarkable behavior. The low-bias conductance is high across the whole series. Charging the molecules in situ results in a dramatic realignment of the frontier orbitals, increasing the conductance to 1 G0 (corresponding to a current of 20 μA). This behavior is most pronounced in the longer molecules due to their smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps. The conductance-voltage traces frequently exhibit peaks at zero bias, showing that a molecular energy level is in resonance with the Fermi level. This work lays the foundations for long, perfectly transmissive, molecular wires with technological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ren Deng
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - M. Teresa González
- Fundación
IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - He Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Edmund Leary
- Fundación
IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Gorenskaia E, Turner KL, Martín S, Cea P, Low PJ. Fabrication of metallic and non-metallic top electrodes for large-area molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9055-9074. [PMID: 34042128 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions have proven invaluable tools through which to explore the electronic properties of molecules and molecular monolayers. In seeking to develop a viable molecular electronics based technology it becomes essential to be able to reliably create larger area molecular junctions by contacting molecular monolayers to both bottom and top electrodes. The assembly of monolayers onto a conducting substrate by self-assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett and other methods is well established. However, the deposition of top-contact electrodes without film penetration or damage from the growing electrode material has proven problematic. This Review highlights the challenges of this area, and presents a selective overview of methods that have been used to solve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kelly L Turner
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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3
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Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
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4
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Herrer L, Ismael A, Martín S, Milan DC, Serrano JL, Nichols RJ, Lambert C, Cea P. Single molecule vs. large area design of molecular electronic devices incorporating an efficient 2-aminepyridine double anchoring group. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15871-15880. [PMID: 31414113 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When a molecule is bound to external electrodes by terminal anchor groups, the latter are of paramount importance in determining the electrical conductance of the resulting molecular junction. Here we explore the electrical properties of a molecule with bidentate anchor groups, namely 4,4'-(1,4-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(pyridin-2-amine), in both large area devices and at the single molecule level. We find an electrical conductance of 0.6 × 10-4G0 and 1.2 × 10-4G0 for the monolayer and for the single molecule, respectively. These values are approximately one order of magnitude higher than those reported for monodentate materials having the same molecular skeleton. A combination of theory and experiments is employed to understand the conductance of monolayer and single molecule electrical junctions featuring this new multidentate anchor group. Our results demonstrate that the molecule has a tilt angle of 30° with respect to the normal to the surface in the monolayer, while the break-off length in the single molecule junction occurs for molecules having a tilt angle estimated as 40°, which would account for the difference in their conductance values per molecule. The bidentate 2-aminepyridine anchor is of general interest as a contact group, since this terminal functionalized aromatic ring favours binding of the adsorbate to the metal contact resulting in enhanced conductance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Herrer
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - A Ismael
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK. and Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - S Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - D C Milan
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J L Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - C Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - P Cea
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Herrer L, González-Orive A, Marqués-González S, Martín S, Nichols RJ, Serrano JL, Low PJ, Cea P. Electrically transmissive alkyne-anchored monolayers on gold. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7976-7985. [PMID: 30968913 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Well-ordered, tightly-packed (surface coverage 0.97 × 10-9 mol cm-2) monolayer films of 1,4-bis((4-ethynylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (1) on gold are prepared via a simple self-assembly process, taking advantage of the ready formation of alkynyl C-Au σ-bonds. Electrochemical measurements using [Ru(NH3)6]3+, [Fe(CN)6]3-, and ferrocenylmethanol [Fe(η5-C5H4CH2OH)(η5-C5H5)] redox probes indicate that the alkynyl C-Au contacted monolayer of 1 presents a relatively low barrier for electron transfer. This contrasts with monolayer films on gold of other oligo(phenylene ethynylene) derivatives of comparable length and surface coverage, but with different contacting groups. Additionally, a low voltage transition (Vtrans = 0.51 V) from direct tunneling (rectangular barrier) to field emission (triangular barrier) is observed. This low transition voltage points to a low tunneling barrier, which is consistent with the facile electron transport observed through the C-Au contacted self-assembled monolayer of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Herrer
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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6
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Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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7
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Herrer L, Sebastian V, Martín S, González-Orive A, Pérez-Murano F, Low PJ, Serrano JL, Santamaría J, Cea P. High surface coverage of a self-assembled monolayer by in situ synthesis of palladium nanodeposits. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13281-13290. [PMID: 28858363 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nascent metal|monolayer|metal devices have been fabricated by depositing palladium, produced through a CO-confined growth method, onto a self-assembled monolayer of an amine-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) derivative on a gold bottom electrode. The high surface area coverage (85%) of the organic monolayer by densely packed palladium particles was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of these nascent Au|monolayer|Pd assemblies were determined from the I-V curves recorded with a conductive-AFM using the Peak Force Tunneling AFM (PF-TUNA™) mode. The I-V curves together with the electrochemical experiments performed rule out the formation of short-circuits due to palladium penetration through the monolayer, suggesting that the palladium deposition strategy is an effective method for the fabrication of molecular junctions without damaging the organic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Herrer
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Orive
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Al-Owaedi OA, Bock S, Milan DC, Oerthel MC, Inkpen MS, Yufit DS, Sobolev AN, Long NJ, Albrecht T, Higgins SJ, Bryce MR, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ, Low PJ. Insulated molecular wires: inhibiting orthogonal contacts in metal complex based molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9902-9912. [PMID: 28678257 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes are receiving increased attention as molecular wires in fundamental studies of the transport properties of metal|molecule|metal junctions. In this context we report the single-molecule conductance of a systematic series of d8 square-planar platinum(ii) trans-bis(alkynyl) complexes with terminal trimethylsilylethynyl (C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3) contacting groups, e.g. trans-Pt{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC6H4C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3}2(PR3)2 (R = Ph or Et), using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments in solution and theoretical calculations using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The measured conductance values of the complexes (ca. 3-5 × 10-5G0) are commensurate with similarly structured all-organic oligo(phenylene ethynylene) and oligo(yne) compounds. Based on conductance and break-off distance data, we demonstrate that a PPh3 supporting ligand in the platinum complexes can provide an alternative contact point for the STM tip in the molecular junctions, orthogonal to the terminal C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3 group. The attachment of hexyloxy side chains to the diethynylbenzene ligands, e.g. trans-Pt{C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC6H2(Ohex)2C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe3}2(PPh3)2 (Ohex = OC6H13), hinders contact of the STM tip to the PPh3 groups and effectively insulates the molecule, allowing the conductance through the full length of the backbone to be reliably measured. The use of trialkylphosphine (PEt3), rather than triarylphosphine (PPh3), ancillary ligands at platinum also eliminates these orthogonal contacts. These results have significant implications for the future design of organometallic complexes for studies in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK. and Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Sören Bock
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - David C Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | | | - Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Alexandre N Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia and Centre for Microscopy Characterization and Analysis, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia
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9
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Kaneko S, Takahashi R, Fujii S, Nishino T, Kiguchi M. Controlling the formation process and atomic structures of single pyrazine molecular junction by tuning the strength of the metal–molecule interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9843-9848. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of single pyrazine molecular junction with Au, Ag and Cu electrodes using mechanically controllable break junction technique in ultra-high vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Ryoji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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10
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Davidson R, Al-Owaedi OA, Milan DC, Zeng Q, Tory J, Hartl F, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ, Low PJ. Effects of Electrode–Molecule Binding and Junction Geometry on the Single-Molecule Conductance of bis-2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine-based Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2691-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Oday A. Al-Owaedi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, Babylon University, Hillah, Iraq
| | - David C. Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Joanne Tory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Low
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Washington 6009, Australia
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11
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Ferradás RR, Marqués-González S, Osorio HM, Ferrer J, Cea P, Milan DC, Vezzoli A, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Low PJ, García-Suárez VM, Martín S. Low variability of single-molecule conductance assisted by bulky metal–molecule contacts. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed study of the trimethylsilylethynyl moiety, –CCSiMe3 (TMSE), as an anchoring group, using a combination of experiment and DFT is presented.
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12
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Gluyas JBG, Manici V, Gückel S, Vincent KB, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Skelton BW, Beeby A, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Cross-Conjugated Systems Based On An (E)-Hexa-3-en-1,5-diyne-3,4-diyl Skeleton: Spectroscopic and Spectroelectrochemical Investigations. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11501-12. [PMID: 26496049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cross-conjugated compounds based on an (E)-4,4'-(hexa-3-en-1,5-diyne-3,4-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) skeleton (1-6) have been synthesized. The linear optical absorption properties can be tuned by modification of the substituents at the 1 and 5 positions of the hexa-3-en-1,5-diynyl backbone (1: Si(CH(CH3)2)3, 2: C6H4C≡CSi(CH3)3, 3: C6H4COOCH3, 4: C6H4CF3, 5: C6H4C≡N, 6: C6H4C≡CC5H4N), although attempts to introduce electron-donating (C6H4CH3, C6H4OCH3, C6H4Si(CH3)3) substituents at these positions were hampered by the ensuing decreased stability of the compounds. Spectroelectrochemical investigations of selected examples, supported by DFT-based computational studies, have shown that one- and two-electron oxidation of the 1,2-bis(triarylamine)ethene fragment also results in electronic changes to the perpendicular π-system in the hexa-3-en-1,5-diynyl branch of the molecule. These properties suggest that (E)-hexa-3-en-1,5-diynyl-based compounds could have applications in molecular sensing and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Manici
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gückel
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A K Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Osorio HM, Catarelli S, Cea P, Gluyas JBG, Hartl F, Higgins SJ, Leary E, Low PJ, Martín S, Nichols RJ, Tory J, Ulstrup J, Vezzoli A, Milan DC, Zeng Q. Electrochemical Single-Molecule Transistors with Optimized Gate Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14319-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrry M. Osorio
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Samantha Catarelli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Cea
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de microscopias
avanzadas (LMA), edificio i+d Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josef B. G. Gluyas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - František Hartl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Leary
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Low
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciencias de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Tory
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department
of Chemistry and NanoDTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Milan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, U.K
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Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ. Single-Molecule Electronics: Chemical and Analytical Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:389-417. [PMID: 26048551 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is now possible to measure the electrical properties of single molecules using a variety of techniques including scanning probe microcopies and mechanically controlled break junctions. Such measurements can be made across a wide range of environments including ambient conditions, organic liquids, ionic liquids, aqueous solutions, electrolytes, and ultra high vacuum. This has given new insights into charge transport across molecule electrical junctions, and these experimental methods have been complemented with increasingly sophisticated theory. This article reviews progress in single-molecule electronics from a chemical perspective and discusses topics such as the molecule-surface coupling in electrical junctions, chemical control, and supramolecular interactions in junctions and gating charge transport. The article concludes with an outlook regarding chemical analysis based on single-molecule conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom;
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15
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Osorio HM, Martín S, López MC, Marqués-González S, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Low PJ, Cea P. Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir-Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1145-57. [PMID: 26171291 PMCID: PMC4464395 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzene (1) together with the "STM touch-to-contact" method have been used to study the nature of metal-monolayer-metal junctions in which the pyridyl group provides the contact at both molecule-surface interfaces. Surface pressure vs area per molecule isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy images indicate that 1 forms true monolayers at the air-water interface. LB films of 1 were fabricated by deposition of the Langmuir films onto solid supports resulting in monolayers with surface coverage of 0.98 × 10(-9) mol·cm(-2). The morphology of the LB films that incorporate compound 1 was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images indicate the formation of homogeneous, monomolecular films at a surface pressure of transference of 16 mN·m(-1). The UV-vis spectra of the Langmuir and LB films reveal that 1 forms two dimensional J-aggregates. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in particular the "STM touch-to-contact" method, was used to determine the electrical properties of LB films of 1. From these STM studies symmetrical I-V curves were obtained. A junction conductance of 5.17 × 10(-5) G 0 results from the analysis of the pseudolinear (ohmic) region of the I-V curves. This value is higher than that of the conductance values of LB films of phenylene-ethynylene derivatives contacted by amines, thiols, carboxylate, trimethylsilylethynyl or acetylide groups. In addition, the single molecule I-V curve of 1 determined using the I(s) method is in good agreement with the I-V curve obtained for the LB film, and both curves fit well with the Simmons model. Together, these results not only indicate that the mechanism of transport through these metal-molecule-metal junctions is non-resonant tunneling, but that lateral interactions between molecules within the LB film do not strongly influence the molecule conductance. The results presented here complement earlier studies of single molecule conductance of 1 using STM-BJ methods, and support the growing evidence that the pyridyl group is an efficient and effective anchoring group in sandwiched metal-monolayer-metal junctions prepared under a number of different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrry Marcelo Osorio
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) C/Mariano Esquilor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Carmen López
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Low
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Pilar Cea
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) C/Mariano Esquilor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Martín S, Pera G, Ballesteros LM, Hope AJ, Marqués-González S, Low PJ, Pérez-Murano F, Nichols RJ, Cea P. Towards the Fabrication of the Top-Contact Electrode in Molecular Junctions by Photoreduction of a Metal Precursor. Chemistry 2014; 20:3421-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vincent KB, Zeng Q, Parthey M, Yufit DS, Howard JA, Hartl F, Kaupp M, Low PJ. Syntheses, Spectroelectrochemical Studies, and Molecular and Electronic Structures of Ferrocenyl Ene-diynes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400535y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Matthias Parthey
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135,
10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry S. Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Judith A.K. Howard
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut
für Chemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135,
10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul J. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley,
Perth 6009, Australia
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18
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Twists and turns: Studies of the complexes and properties of bimetallic complexes featuring phenylene ethynylene and related bridging ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ballesteros LM, Martín S, Cortés J, Marqués-González S, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Low PJ, Cea P. Controlling the Structural and Electrical Properties of Diacid Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene) Langmuir-Blodgett Films. Chemistry 2013; 19:5352-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Marina Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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20
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Marqués-González S, Yufit DS, Howard JAK, Martín S, Osorio HM, García-Suárez VM, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ, Cea P, Low PJ. Simplifying the conductance profiles of molecular junctions: the use of the trimethylsilylethynyl moiety as a molecule–gold contact. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:338-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Joy S, Pal P, Mondal TK, Talapatra GB, Goswami S. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Azo-Anion-Radical Complexes of Chromium(III) and the Development of Ultrathin Redox-Active Surfaces by the Langmuir-Schaefer Technique. Chemistry 2012; 18:1761-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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