1
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Sudarkova SM, Ioffe IN. E/ Z photoisomerization pathway in pristine and fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23749-23757. [PMID: 36156663 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an XMCQDPT2 study of the E/Z photoisomerization in a series of fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes (3DFEs). Upon excitation, pristine and low-fluorinated 3DFE show conventional behavior of many diarylethenes: unhindered twisting motion toward the pyramidalized zwitterionic state where relaxation to the ground state occurs. However, deep fluorination of 3DFEs can hamper E-to-Z isomerization by giving rise to an alternative excited-state relaxation pathway: an out-of-plane motion of a ring fluorine atom. Importantly, the case of fluorinated 3DFEs reveals serious deficiencies of the popular TDDFT approach. With some commonly used exchange-correlation functionals, the alternative relaxation pathway is not reproduced and, moreover, an irrelevant ring rotation coordinate is predicted instead. Nevertheless, TDDFT remains qualitatively adequate for the E-to-Z twisting coordinate taken alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Sudarkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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2
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Kim Y. Photoswitching Molecular Junctions: Platforms and Electrical Properties. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2368-2383. [PMID: 32777151 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in technology have enabled the manipulation of individual molecules and the creation of molecular electronic devices utilizing single and ensemble molecules. Maturing the field of molecular electronics has led to the development of functional molecular devices, especially photoswitching or photochromic molecular junctions, which switch electronic properties under external light irradiation. This review introduces and summarizes the platforms for investigating the charge transport in single and ensemble photoswitching molecular junctions as well as the electronic properties of diverse photoswitching molecules such as diarylethene, azobenzene, dihydropyrene, and spiropyran. Furthermore, the article discusses the remaining challenges and the direction for moving forward in this area for future photoswitching molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,Current address, 7644 Ambrose way, California, 95831, USA
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3
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Sysoiev D, Huhn T. Basic enemies of photochromism: irreversible transformation of fluorinated diarylethenes to polyenic enamines and enols. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1511-1516. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00292e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elongating the π-system of perfluoro-diarylethenes under basic conditions inevitably leads to variable amounts of non-photochromic seven-ring containing byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Sysoiev
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Universität Konstanz
- 78464 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Universität Konstanz
- 78464 Konstanz
- Germany
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4
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Photochromic difurylethene bisaldehyde as potential building block for [AA] and [AB]2 macrocyclization. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Emergence of temperature-dependent and reversible color-changing properties by the stabilization of layered polydiacetylene through intercalation. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-017-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Kim Y, Bahoosh SG, Sysoiev D, Huhn T, Pauly F, Scheer E. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2606-2614. [PMID: 29259875 PMCID: PMC5727803 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene-derived molecules alter their electronic structure upon transformation between the open and closed forms of the diarylethene core, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light. This transformation results in a significant variation of electrical conductance and vibrational properties of corresponding molecular junctions. We report here a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of charge transport through diarylethene-derived single-molecule devices, which are created using the mechanically controlled break-junction technique. Inelastic electron tunneling (IET) spectroscopy measurements performed at 4.2 K are compared with first-principles calculations in the two distinct forms of diarylethenes connected to gold electrodes. The combined approach clearly demonstrates that the IET spectra of single-molecule junctions show specific vibrational features that can be used to identify different isomeric molecular states by transport experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lam Research, Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | - Safa G Bahoosh
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dmytro Sysoiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0395, Japan
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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7
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Khodko A, Kachalova N, Scherbakov S, Eremenko A, Mukha I. Effects of Photochromic Furan-Based Diarylethenes on Gold Nanoparticles Aggregation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:271. [PMID: 28410553 PMCID: PMC5391340 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The photochromic properties of furan-based diarylethenes and their interaction with citrate-capped gold nanoparticles were investigated by ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We identified the optimal concentration of diarylethenes in water-ethanol mixture required for stability of colloidal systems. Nanoparticles coupled with diarylethene derivatives exhibit a new surface plasmon resonance band coming from their aggregation. We analyzed the effects of functional side-chain groups on aggregation process. These results can be considered as a basis for further designing of novel hybrid nanomaterials and optoelectronic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Khodko
- Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, prospect Nauky, 46, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Kachalova
- Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, prospect Nauky, 46, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Scherbakov
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st., 2, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Anna Eremenko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, General Naumov Str., 17, Kyiv, 03164 Ukraine
| | - Iuliia Mukha
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, General Naumov Str., 17, Kyiv, 03164 Ukraine
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8
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Xu H, Wei S, Fan C, Liu G, Pu S. Effects of aromatic stabilization energies of aryl rings of symmetrical diarylethenes. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Reecht G, Lotze C, Sysoiev D, Huhn T, Franke KJ. Disentangling electron- and electric-field-induced ring-closing reactions in a diarylethene derivative on Ag(1 1 1). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:294001. [PMID: 28557794 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa75c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we investigate the adsorption properties and ring-closing reaction of a diarylethene derivative (C5F-4Py) on a Ag(1 1 1) surface. We identify an electron-induced reaction mechanism, with a quantum yield varying from 10-14-10-9 per electron upon variation of the bias voltage from 1-2 V. We ascribe the drastic increase in switching efficiency to a resonant enhancement upon tunneling through molecular orbitals. Additionally, we resolve the ring-closing reaction even in the absence of a current passing through the molecule. In this case the electric-field can modify the reaction barrier, leading to a finite switching probability at 4.8 K. A detailed analysis of the switching events shows that a simple plate-capacitor model for the tip-surface junction is insufficient to explain the distance dependence of the switching voltage. Instead, describing the tip as a sphere is in agreement with the findings. We resolve small differences in the adsorption configuration of the closed isomer, when comparing the electron- and field-induced switching product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Reecht
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Snegir S, Khodko A, Sysoiev D, Lacaze E, Pluchery O, Huhn T. Optical properties of gold nanoparticles decorated with furan-based diarylethene photochromic molecules. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Khodko A, Khomenko V, Shynkarenko Y, Mamuta O, Kapitanchuk O, Sysoiev D, Kachalova N, Huhn T, Snegir S. Ultrafast ring-closing reaction dynamics of a photochromic furan-based difurylethene. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Zhang J, Zou Q, Zeng T, Chen W. A photochromic prototype based on difurylperhydrocyclopentene with remarkable photoswitching behavior and in vivo application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9570-9573. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A furan-based photochromic prototype with remarkable photoswitching behavior was facilely synthesized and applied in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power
- Shanghai University of Electric Power
- Shanghai 200090
- China
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qi Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power
- Shanghai University of Electric Power
- Shanghai 200090
- China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation
- Shanghai Research Institute of Materials
- Shanghai 200437
- China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power
- Shanghai University of Electric Power
- Shanghai 200090
- China
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13
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Reecht G, Lotze C, Sysoiev D, Huhn T, Franke K. Visualizing the Role of Molecular Orbitals in Charge Transport through Individual Diarylethene Isomers. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10555-10562. [PMID: 27775886 PMCID: PMC5135228 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene molecules are prototype molecular switches with their two isomeric forms exhibiting strikingly different conductance, while maintaining similar length. We employed low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to resolve the energy and the spatial extend of the molecular orbitals of the open and closed isomers when lying on a Au(111) surface. We find an intriguing difference in the extension of the respective HOMOs and a peculiar energy splitting of the formerly degenerate LUMO of the open isomer. We then lift the two isomers with the tip of the STM and measure the current through the individual molecules. By a simple analytical model of the transport, we show that the previously determined orbital characteristics are essential ingredients for the complete understanding of the transport properties. We also succeeded in switching the suspended molecules by the current, while switching the ones which are in direct contact to the surface occurs nonlocally with the help of the electric field of the tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Reecht
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christian Lotze
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Dmytro Sysoiev
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Katharina
J. Franke
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin 14195, Germany
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14
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Zheng C, Fan C, Pu S, Chen B, Chen B. A novel Br-substituted diarylethene: Synthesis, crystal structure, and solvent dependent acidichromism. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Lasorne B, Fihey A, Mendive-Tapia D, Jacquemin D. A curve-crossing model to rationalize and optimize diarylethene dyads. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5695-5702. [PMID: 29910863 PMCID: PMC5975843 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra crossing points play a key role in the photochemistry of diarylethene dyads.
Going from photochromic compounds presenting a single switchable function to multi-addressable photochromic multimers remains an extremely difficult task notably because the interactions of several photochromic units through a linker generally result in a substantial loss of photoactivity. Due to their size and the intrinsic complexity of their electronic structure, coupled photochromes also constitute a fundamental challenge for theoretical chemistry. We present here an effective curve-crossing model that, used in connection with easily accessible ab initio data, allows a first understanding of the difficulty to obtain efficient multiphotochromes. Indeed, we demonstrate that extra crossing points, specific to multiphotochromes, have to be passed to ensure reactivity. In addition, the proposed approach allows the definition of an intuitive tilt criterion that can be used to screen a large number of substitution patterns and hence help in the design of new compounds, an aspect that is also developed here. The compatibility of this tilt criterion with previously proposed static Franck–Condon parameters is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lasorne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 , CNRS-UM , CTMM , Université Montpellier , CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France .
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France .
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 , CNRS-UM , CTMM , Université Montpellier , CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France .
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France . .,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 bd St. Michel , 75005 Paris Cedex 5 , France
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16
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Wolf J, Huhn T, Steiner UE. Large protonation-gated photochromism of an OPE-embedded difurylperfluorocyclopentene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6066-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Double protonation (red) increases the ring-closing quantum yield Q⃑ of a molecular switch more than tenfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannic Wolf
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Universität Konstanz
- D-78457 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Universität Konstanz
- D-78457 Konstanz
- Germany
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17
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Irie M, Fukaminato T, Matsuda K, Kobatake S. Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Research
Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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18
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Kim D, Jeong H, Lee H, Hwang WT, Wolf J, Scheer E, Huhn T, Jeong H, Lee T. Flexible molecular-scale electronic devices composed of diarylethene photoswitching molecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3968-3973. [PMID: 24687399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongku Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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19
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Wolf J, Eberspächer I, Groth U, Huhn T. Synthesis and Photoswitching Studies of OPE-Embedded Difurylperfluorocyclopentenes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8366-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannic Wolf
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Iris Eberspächer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Groth
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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20
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Sysoiev D, Yushchenko T, Scheer E, Groth U, Steiner UE, Exner TE, Huhn T. Pronounced effects on switching efficiency of diarylcycloalkenes upon cycloalkene ring contraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11355-7. [PMID: 23073076 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several difurylperfluorocyclobutenes showing reversible photochromism were synthesized. In comparison to their cyclopentene homologues they show enhanced quantum yields for ring opening but reduced quantum yields for ring closure. X-ray structure analysis and quantum chemical calculations provide a conclusive explanation for such a behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Sysoiev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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21
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Liu G, Pu S, Wang R. Photochromism of Asymmetrical Diarylethenes with a Pyrrole Unit: Effects of Aromatic Stabilization Energies of Aryl Rings. Org Lett 2013; 15:980-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400188h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
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22
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Briechle BM, Kim Y, Ehrenreich P, Erbe A, Sysoiev D, Huhn T, Groth U, Scheer E. Current-voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:798-808. [PMID: 23365792 PMCID: PMC3554105 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental analysis of the charge transport through sulfur-free photochromic molecular junctions. The conductance of individual molecules contacted with gold electrodes and the current-voltage characteristics of these junctions are measured in a mechanically controlled break-junction system at room temperature and in liquid environment. We compare the transport properties of a series of molecules, labeled TSC, MN, and 4Py, with the same switching core but varying side-arms and end-groups designed for providing the mechanical and electrical contact to the gold electrodes. We perform a detailed analysis of the transport properties of TSC in its open and closed states. We find rather broad distributions of conductance values in both states. The analysis, based on the assumption that the current is carried by a single dominating molecular orbital, reveals distinct differences between both states. We discuss the appearance of diode-like behavior for the particular species 4Py that features end-groups, which preferentially couple to the metal electrode by physisorption. We show that the energetic position of the molecular orbital varies as a function of the transmission. Finally, we show for the species MN that the use of two cyano end-groups on each side considerably enhances the coupling strength compared to the typical behavior of a single cyano group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd M Briechle
- Physics Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Youngsang Kim
- Physics Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Artur Erbe
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtzzentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmytro Sysoiev
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Groth
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elke Scheer
- Physics Department, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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23
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Kim Y, Hellmuth TJ, Sysoiev D, Pauly F, Pietsch T, Wolf J, Erbe A, Huhn T, Groth U, Steiner UE, Scheer E. Charge transport characteristics of diarylethene photoswitching single-molecule junctions. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:3736-42. [PMID: 22734823 DOI: 10.1021/nl3015523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental analysis of the charge transport through single-molecule junctions of the open and closed isomers of photoswitching molecules. Sulfur-free diarylethene molecules are developed and studied via electrical and optical measurements as well as density functional theory calculations. The single-molecule conductance and the current-voltage characteristics are measured in a mechanically controlled break-junction system at low temperatures. Comparing the results with the single-level transport model, we find an unexpected behavior of the current-dominating molecular orbital upon isomerization. We show that both the side chains and end groups of the molecules are crucial to understand the charge transport mechanism of photoswitching molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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