1
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Pseudo-glycoconjugates with a C-glycoside linkage. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:35-77. [PMID: 36470649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Work by the author and colleagues has been focused on the development of pseudo-glycans (pseudo-glycoconjugates), in which the O-glycosidic linkage of the natural-type glycan structure is replaced by a C-glycosidic linkage. These analogs are not degraded by cellular glycoside hydrolases and are thus expected to be useful molecular tools that may maintain the original biological activity for a long period in the cell. However, their biological potential is not yet well understood because only a few pseudo glycans have so far been synthesized. This article aims to provide a bird's-eye view of our recent studies on the creation of C-glycoside analogs of ganglioside GM3 based on the CHF-sialoside linkage, and summarizes the chemical insights acquired during our stereoselective synthesis of the C-sialoside bond, ultimately leading to pseudo-GM3. Conformational analysis of the synthesized CHF-sialoside disaccharides confirmed that the anticipated conformational control by F-atom introduction was successful, and furthermore, enhanced the biological activity. In order to improve access to C-glycoside analogs based on pseudo-GM3, it is still important to streamline the synthesis process. With this in mind, we designed and developed a direct C-glycosylation method using atom-transfer radical coupling, and employed it in syntheses of pseudo-isomaltose and pseudo-KRN7000.
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2
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Uhrig ML, Mora Flores EW, Postigo A. Approaches to the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl-Modified Carbohydrates and Derivatives: Thiosugars, Iminosugars, and Tetrahydro(thio)pyrans. Chemistry 2021; 27:7813-7825. [PMID: 33462910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroalkyl-substituted carbohydrates play relevant roles in diverse areas such as supramolecular chemistry, glycoconjugation, liquid crystals, and surfactants, with direct applications as wetting, antifreeze, and coating agents. In light of these promising applications, new methodologies for the late-stage incorporation of fluoroalkyl RF groups into carbohydrates and derivatives are herein presented as they are relevant to the synthetic carbohydrate community. Previously reviewed protocols for the installation of RF groups onto carbohydrates and derivatives will be succinctly summarized in the light of the new achievements. Fluoroalkyl-substituted iminosugars, on the other hand, are also interesting glycomimetic derivatives with prominent roles as glycosidases and glycosyltransferases inhibitors, as has recently been demonstrated. Also, they positively contribute to the study of sugar-protein interactions and enzyme mechanisms. New advances in the syntheses of fluoroalkyl-substituted iminosugars will also be presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Uhrig
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasyNaturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erwin W Mora Flores
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, CP1113-, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, CP1113-, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Mora Flores EW, Uhrig ML, Postigo A. Photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals towards the stereoselective synthesis of α-1-fluoroalkyl- C-glycosyl derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8724-8734. [PMID: 33089846 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A benign, efficient, regio- and stereoselective protocol for the syntheses of α-1-fluoroalkyl-C-glycosyl compounds bearing CF3, C4F9, and C6F13 substituents on the anomeric carbon has been developed by a new methodology starting from 2-acetoxyglycals for the first time. Remarkably, the reactions proceeded in only one step, through the visible light-photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals by means of an Ir photocatalyst and employed commercially available fluoroalkyl iodides n-CnF2n+1-I (n = 1, 4, 6) as a source of fluoroalkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Mora Flores
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG Buenos Aires, Argentina. and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Junín 954, CP1113-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Choutka J, Kratochvíl M, Zýka J, Pohl R, Parkan K. Straightforward synthesis of protected 2-hydroxyglycals by chlorination-dehydrochlorination of carbohydrate hemiacetals. Carbohydr Res 2020; 496:108086. [PMID: 32828008 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and scalable method for the synthesis of protected 2-hydroxyglycals is described. The approach is based on the chlorination of carbohydrate-derived hemiacetals, followed by an elimination reaction to establish the glycal moiety. 1,2-dehydrochlorination reactions were studied on a range of glycosyl chlorides to provide suitable reaction conditions for this transformation. Benzyl ether, isopropylidene and benzylidene protecting groups, as well as interglycosidic linkage, were found to be compatible with this protocol. The described method is operationally simple and allows for the quick preparation of 2-hydroxyglycals with other than ester protecting groups, providing a feasible alternative to existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Choutka
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kratochvíl
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zýka
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Delbrouck JA, Bochatay VN, Tikad A, Vincent SP. Regioselective Synthesis of Difluorinated C-Furanosides Involving a Debenzylative Cycloetherification. Org Lett 2019; 21:5562-5566. [PMID: 31273996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective synthesis of valuable gem-difluorinated C-furanosides from unprotected aldoses via a debenzylative cycloetherification (DBCE) reaction induced by diethylaminosulfur trifluoride is descibed. The scope and limitations of this DBCE reaction are described using a series of commercially available pentoses and hexoses to afford, without selective protection/deprotection sequences, the corresponding gem-difluorinated C-furanosides in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien A Delbrouck
- University of Namur , Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique , rue de Bruxelles 61 , B-5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Valentin N Bochatay
- University of Namur , Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique , rue de Bruxelles 61 , B-5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Abdellatif Tikad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences , Université Moulay Ismail , B.P. 11201, Zitoune , Meknès 50050 , Morocco
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- University of Namur , Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique , rue de Bruxelles 61 , B-5000 Namur , Belgium
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6
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Zhu F, Rodriguez J, O’Neill S, Walczak MA. Acyl Glycosides through Stereospecific Glycosyl Cross-Coupling: Rapid Access to C(sp 3)-Linked Glycomimetics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1652-1662. [PMID: 30648149 PMCID: PMC6311691 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of a glycosidic bond with hydrolytically stable C-C surrogates is an efficient strategy to access glycomimetics with improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties. We describe here a stereoretentive cross-coupling reaction of glycosyl stannanes with C(sp2)- and C(sp3)-thio(seleno)esters suitable for the preparation C-acyl glycosides as synthetic building blocks to obtain C(sp3)-linked and fluorinated glycomimetics. First, we identified a set of standardized conditions employing a Pd(0) precatalyst, CuCl additive, and phosphite ligand that provided access to C-acyl glycosides without deterioration of anomeric integrity and decarbonylation of the acyl donors (>40 examples). Second, we demonstrated that C(sp3)-glycomimetics could be introduced into the anomeric position via a direct conversion of C1 ketones. Specifically, the conversion of the carbonyl group into a CF2 mimetic is an appealing method to access valuable fluorinated analogues. We also illustrate that the introduction of other carbonyl-based groups into the C1 position of mono- and oligosaccharides can be accomplished using the corresponding acyl donors. This protocol is amenable to late-stage glycodiversification and programmed mutation of the C-O bond into hydrolytically stable C-C bonds. Taken together, stereoretentive anomeric acylation represents a convenient method to prepare a diverse set of glycan mimetics with minimal synthetic manipulations and with absolute control of anomeric configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sloane O’Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A. Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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7
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Kondratov IS, Bugera MY, Tolmachova NA, Posternak GG, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Radical Reactions of Alkyl 2-Bromo-2,2-difluoroacetates with Vinyl Ethers: “Omitted” Examples and Application for the Synthesis of 3,3-Difluoro-GABA. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12258-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Kondratov
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Ya. Bugera
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya A. Tolmachova
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska
Str. 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion
Cluster of Excellence, Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße
15, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Carbomethoxydifluoromethylation of enol acetates with methyl (chlorosulfonyl)difluoroacetate using visible-light photoredox catalysis. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-γ-ketoesters. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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10
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Lalitha K, Muthusamy K, Prasad YS, Vemula PK, Nagarajan S. Recent developments in β-C-glycosides: synthesis and applications. Carbohydr Res 2014; 402:158-71. [PMID: 25498016 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of C-glycosides. Despite its challenging chemistry, due to its versatility, C-glycosides play a pivotal role in developing novel materials, surfactants and bioactive molecules. In this review, we present snapshots of various synthetic methodologies developed for C-glycosides in the recent years and the potential application of C-glycosides derived from β-C-glycosidic ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Lalitha
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarasamy Muthusamy
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y Siva Prasad
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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McNerney B, Whittlesey B, Cordes DB, Krempner C. A Well-Defined Monomeric Aluminum Complex as an Efficient and General Catalyst in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction. Chemistry 2014; 20:14959-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Liu X, Yin Q, Yin J, Chen G, Wang X, You QD, Chen YL, Xiong B, Shen J. Highly Stereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of Difluoromethyl-2-pyridyl Sulfone to Sugar Lactones and Efficient Synthesis of Fluorinated 2-Ketoses. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Altiti A, Mootoo DR. Intramolecular nitrogen delivery for the synthesis of C-glycosphingolipids. Application to the C-glycoside of the immunostimulant KRN7000. Org Lett 2014; 16:1466-9. [PMID: 24559301 PMCID: PMC3993873 DOI: 10.1021/ol5002686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The key reaction in this approach to C-glycosphingolipids is the stereoselective iodocyclization of a sugar-linked homoallylic carbonimidothioate. E and Z reaction substrates were assembled in a convergent fashion via an alkene metathesis strategy and exhibited the same alkene facial selectivity in the iodocyclization irrespective of alkene geometry, although the E alkene was found to be less reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad
S. Altiti
- Department
of Chemistry,
Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David R. Mootoo
- Department
of Chemistry,
Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
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14
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Colombel S, Van Hijfte N, Poisson T, Leclerc E, Pannecoucke X. Addition of electrophilic radicals to 2-benzyloxyglycals: synthesis and functionalization of fluorinated α-C-glycosides and derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:12778-87. [PMID: 23955898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of fluorinated α-C-glycosides is described. The reactions between highly electrophilic radicals (fluorinated or unfluorinated) and a 2-benzyloxyglucal or galactal provide 2-keto-D-arabino- or 2-keto-D-lyxo-hexopyranosides through an addition/fragmentation process. Sodium borohydride mediated or Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction of these compounds provides α-C-glycosides that feature appropriate anchoring groups for further synthetic elaboration. The presence of CF2 CO2 iPr or CF2 Br groups at the pseudo-anomeric position allows efficient reduction/olefination or Br/Li-exchange/nucleophilic-addition sequences. These transformations open the way for the synthesis of fluorinated C-glycosidic analogues of glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Colombel
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex (France)
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15
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Leclerc E, Pannecoucke X, Ethève-Quelquejeu M, Sollogoub M. Fluoro-C-glycosides and fluoro-carbasugars, hydrolytically stable and synthetically challenging glycomimetics. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4270-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Poisson T, Belhomme MC, Pannecoucke X. Indium-Promoted Reformatsky Reaction: A Straightforward Access to β-Amino and β-Hydroxy α,α-Difluoro Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9277-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301873y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Poisson
- INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’Université, 76800
St Etienne du Rouvray,
France
- Laboratory COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
- CNRS Délégation Normandie, 14 Rue Alfred Kastler, 14052 Caen Cedex,
France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Belhomme
- INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’Université, 76800
St Etienne du Rouvray,
France
- Laboratory COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
- CNRS Délégation Normandie, 14 Rue Alfred Kastler, 14052 Caen Cedex,
France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’Université, 76800
St Etienne du Rouvray,
France
- Laboratory COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cedex, France
- CNRS Délégation Normandie, 14 Rue Alfred Kastler, 14052 Caen Cedex,
France
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Zhao Y, Gao B, Hu J. From Olefination to Alkylation: In-Situ Halogenation of Julia–Kocienski Intermediates Leading to Formal Nucleophilic Iodo- and Bromodifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5790-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory
of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Laboratory
of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory
of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Synthetic efforts towards the synthesis of fluorinated C-glycosidic analogues of α-galactosylceramides. CR CHIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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