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Nandi M, Bej S, Jana T, Ghosh P. From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015500 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research on mechanically interlocked molecules has significantly evolved owing to their unique structural features and interesting properties. A substantial percentage of the reported works have focused on the synthetic strategies, leading to the preparation of functional MIMs for their applications in the chemical, materials, and biomedical sciences. Importantly, various macrocyclic wheels with specific heteroditopicity (including phenanthroline, amide, amine, oxy-ether, isophthalamide, calixarene and triazole) and threading axles (bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyridinium, triazolium, etc.) have been designed to synthesize targeted multifunctional mononuclear/multinuclear pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes and catenanes. The structural uniqueness of these interlocked systems is advantageous owing to the presence of mechanical bonds with specific three-dimensional cavities. Furthermore, their multi-functionalities and preorganised structural entities exhibit a high potential for versatile applications, like switching, shuttling, dynamic properties, recognition and sensing. In this feature article, we describe some of the most recent advances in the construction and chemical behaviour of a new generation of interlocked molecules, primarily focusing on heteroditopic wheels and their applications in different directions of the modern research area. Furthermore, we outline the future prospects and significant perspectives of the new generation heteroditopic wheel based interlocked molecules in different emerging areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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2
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Santra S, Ghosh P. Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes: post-synthetic functionalization, conformational fluxionality and metal ion chelation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes form an exciplex upon interpenetration and the exciplex signals are used to monitor the chelation properties of the interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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3
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5,5′-Dibenzoimidazole as building block for a new 3D Co(II) coordination polymer: A combined EPR and DFT study using UB3LYP model. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bej S, Nandi M, Ghosh TK, Ghosh P. Cu(ii) templated formation of [n]pseudorotaxanes (n = 2, 3, 4) using a tris-amino ether macrocyclic wheel and multidentate axles. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6853-6862. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The systematic development of mono-, bi- and tri-nuclear [n]pseudorotaxanes (n = 2, 3, 4) via Cu(ii) templation and π–π stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Tamal Kanti Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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Bej S, Ghosh P. Naphthalene containing amino-ether macrocycle based Cu(ii) templated [2]pseudorotaxanes and OFF/ON fluorescence switching via axle substitution. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13408-13418. [PMID: 30183026 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02848f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new naphthalene containing macrocycle, NaphMC, and a new fluorophoric bidentate linear axle derivative of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (L3) along with two other ligands 1,10-phenanthroline (L1) and 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (L2) are explored towards the synthesis of Cu(ii) templated [2]pseudorotaxanes. All ternary complexes are well characterized by ESI-MS, UV/Vis, EPR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and emission spectroscopic studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies confirm the geometry around the Cu(ii) center as a distorted trigonal bipyramid via the contribution of [3 + 2] orthogonal motifs of the wheel (NaphMC) and the bidentate chelating ligands L1 and L2 in the cases of pseudorotaxanes, CuPR1 and CuPR2, respectively. Furthermore, the fluorescence "OFF" state of the fluorophoric axle L3 is achieved via threading it to the Cu(ii) complex of NaphMC, whereas fluorescence switching "ON" is demonstrated by the substitution of L3 of CuPR3 with a stronger chelating ligand L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Santra S, Bej S, Nandi M, Mondal P, Ghosh P. Syntheses of metallo-pseudorotaxanes, rotaxane and post-synthetically functionalized rotaxane: a comprehensive spectroscopic study and dynamic properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13300-13313. [PMID: 28771266 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a bis-amido tris-amine macrocycle and five bipyridine-based bidentate chelating ligands were investigated towards various divalent transition metal ion (NiII, CoII, CuII, and ZnII)-templated syntheses of metallo [2]pseudorotaxanes. The formation of these ternary complexes was elucidated via different spectroscopic techniques such as ESI-MS, absorption spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies wherever possible. Azide-terminated NiII, CoII, CuII, ZnII-templated [2]pseudorotaxanes were explored to generate [2]rotaxane, ROT, via reaction with an alkyne-terminated triphenylene unit as a stopper under the mild reaction condition of the CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. NiII-templated [2]pseudorotaxane was found to be the best precursor towards the high-yield synthesis of ROT. The interpenetrative nature of the center piece in metal-free rotaxane was also established through various spectroscopic techniques such as ESI-MS and 1D and 2D (COSY, NOESY, ROESY, and DOSY) NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, ROT was functionalized via tri-acetylation as AcROT to incorporate three tertiary amides at the tris-amine centers; this AcROT exhibited rotamer-induced molecular motions in an interpenetrated system via the formation of multiple conformers/co-conformers. Additionally, the existence of multiple rotamers was established via variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic studies. Li+ and 12-crown-4 were found to be suitable for the reversible conformation/co-conformation fixation of tri-acetylated bis-amido tris-amine macrocyclic wheel-based rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Santra S, Ghosh P. Rotamer-Induced Dynamic Nature of a [2]Rotaxane and Control of the Dynamics by External Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata India
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Brown A, Mennie KM, Mason O, White NG, Beer PD. Copper(ii)-directed synthesis of neutral heteroditopic [2]rotaxane ion-pair host systems incorporating hydrogen and halogen bonding anion binding cavities. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13376-13385. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral heteroditopic [2]rotaxane ion-pair host systems were synthesised via a copper(ii)-directed metal template strategy and shown to undergo cooperative anion recognition with a co-bound zinc(ii) cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Katrina M. Mennie
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Owen Mason
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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Saha S, Santra S, Ghosh P. [2]Pseudorotaxane composed of heteroditopic macrobicycle and pyridine N-oxide based axle: recognition site dependent axle orientation. Org Lett 2015; 17:1854-7. [PMID: 25825821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for threading an axle having a hydrogen bond acceptor unit in the cavity of a C3v symmetric amido-amine macrobicycle is investigated. The macrobicycle acts as a wheel in its neutral as well as triprotonated states to form threaded architectures with a pyridine N-oxide derivative. The negative oxygen dipole of the axle is capable of [2]pseudorotaxane formation in two different orientations with the wheel in its neutral and triprotonated states.
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Santra S, Mukherjee S, Bej S, Saha S, Ghosh P. Amino-ether macrocycle that forms CuII templated threaded heteroleptic complexes: a detailed selectivity, structural and theoretical investigations. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15198-211. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-sorting behavior of a newly synthesized macrocycle with divalent metal ions and aromatic ligands via pseudorotaxane formation has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Somnath Bej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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Saha S, Santra S, Akhuli B, Ghosh P. [2]Rotaxane with Multiple Functional Groups. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11170-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502235z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Bidyut Akhuli
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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12
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Saha S, Santra S, Ghosh P. Cu
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‐Templated Threading of a Bis‐amide‐tris‐amine Macrocycle by Substituted 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Derivatives Assisted by Strong π–π Stacking and Second‐Sphere H‐Bonding Interactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India, http://www.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India, http://www.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India, http://www.iacs.res.in/inorg/icpg/
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