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Özkan AU, Tuncel D, Erbaş A. Effect of Charge State on the Equilibrium and Kinetic Properties of Mechanically Interlocked [5]Rotaxane: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1254-1263. [PMID: 36716388 PMCID: PMC9923746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rotaxanes can exhibit stimuli-responsive behavior by allowing positional fluctuations of their rota groups in response to physiochemical conditions such as the changes in solution pH. However, ionic strength of the solution also affects the molecular conformation by altering the charge state of the entire molecule, coupling the stimuli-responsiveness of rotaxanes with their conformation. A molecular-scale investigation on a model system can allow the decoupling and identification of various effects and can greatly benefit applications of such molecular switches. By using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we study equilibrium and kinetics properties of various charge states of the [5]rotaxane, which is a supramolecular moiety with four rotaxanes bonded to a porphyrin core. We model various physiochemical charge states, each of which can be realized at various solution pH levels as well as several exotic charge distributions. By analyzing molecular configurations, hydrogen bonding, and energetics of single molecules in salt-free water and its polyrotaxanated network at the interface of water and chloroform, we demonstrate that charge-neutral and negatively charged molecules often tend to collapse in a way that they can expose their porphyrin core. Contrarily, positively charged moieties tend to take more extended molecular configurations blocking the core. Further, sudden changes in the charge states emulating the pH alterations in solution conditions lead to rapid, sub-10 ns level, changes in the molecular conformation of [5]rotaxane via shuttling motion of CB6 rings along axles. Finally, simulations of 2D [5]rotaxane network structures support our previous findings on a few nanometer-thick film formation at oil-water interfaces. Overall, our results suggest that rotaxane-based structures can exhibit a rich spectrum of molecular configurations and kinetics depending on the ionic strength of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Utku Özkan
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Dönüş Tuncel
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara06800, Turkey,Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Aykut Erbaş
- UNAM-Institute
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara06800, Turkey,E-mail:
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2
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Melo ISF, Ziviani VP, Barbosa BCM, Rodrigues FF, Silva RRL, da Silva Neto L, de Fátima Â, César IC, Machado RR, Coelho MM. Synthesis of 2-(2-(4-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiole-5-yl) phenoxy)ethyl)isoindole-1,3-thione, a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing phthalimide hybrid, and evaluation of its activity in models of inflammatory pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175409. [PMID: 36436591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator that modulates several physiological and pathological processes. Phthalimide analogues, substances that have the phthalimide ring in the structure, belong to the group of thalidomide analogues. Both H2S donors and phthalimide analogues exhibit activities in models of inflammation and pain. As molecular hybridization is an important strategy aiming to develop drugs with a better pharmacological profile, in the present study we synthesized a novel H2S-releasing phthalimide hybrid, 2-(2-(4-thioxo-3H-1,2-dithiole-5-yl) phenoxy)ethyl)isoindole-1,3-thione (PTD-H2S), and evaluated its activity in models of inflammatory pain in mice. Per os (p.o.) administration of PTD-H2S (125 or 250 mg/kg) reduced mechanical allodynia induced by carrageenan and lipopolysaccharide. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of PTD-H2S (25 mg/kg), but not equimolar doses of its precursors 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (14.2 mg/kg) and 2-phthalimidethanol (12 mg/kg), reduced mechanical allodynia induced by lipopolysaccharide. The antiallodynic effect induced by PTD-H2S (25 mg/kg, i.p.) was more sustained than that induced by the H2S donor NaHS (8 mg/kg, i.p.). Previous administration of hydroxocobalamin (300 mg/kg, i.p.) or glibenclamide (40 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated PTD-H2S antiallodynic activity. In conclusion, we synthesized a novel H2S-releasing phthalimide hybrid and demonstrated its activity in models of inflammatory pain. PTD-H2S activity may be due to H2S release and activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The demonstration of PTD-H2S activity in models of pain stimulates further studies aiming to evaluate H2S-releasing phthalimide hybrids as candidates for analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S F Melo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor P Ziviani
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara C M Barbosa
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roger R L Silva
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Neto
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Isabela C César
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Coelho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Calatayud DG, Neophytou S, Nicodemou E, Giuffrida SG, Ge H, Pascu SI. Nano-Theranostics for the Sensing, Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancers. Front Chem 2022; 10:830133. [PMID: 35494646 PMCID: PMC9039169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We highlight hereby recent developments in the emerging field of theranostics, which encompasses the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics in a single entity aimed for an early-stage diagnosis, image-guided therapy as well as evaluation of therapeutic outcomes of relevance to prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men and a frequent cause of male cancer death. As such, this overview is concerned with recent developments in imaging and sensing of relevance to prostate cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. A major advantage for the effective treatment of PCa is an early diagnosis that would provide information for an appropriate treatment. Several imaging techniques are being developed to diagnose and monitor different stages of cancer in general, and patient stratification is particularly relevant for PCa. Hybrid imaging techniques applicable for diagnosis combine complementary structural and morphological information to enhance resolution and sensitivity of imaging. The focus of this review is to sum up some of the most recent advances in the nanotechnological approaches to the sensing and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Targeted imaging using nanoparticles, radiotracers and biomarkers could result to a more specialised and personalised diagnosis and treatment of PCa. A myriad of reports has been published literature proposing methods to detect and treat PCa using nanoparticles but the number of techniques approved for clinical use is relatively small. Another facet of this report is on reviewing aspects of the role of functional nanoparticles in multimodality imaging therapy considering recent developments in simultaneous PET-MRI (Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) coupled with optical imaging in vitro and in vivo, whilst highlighting feasible case studies that hold promise for the next generation of dual modality medical imaging of PCa. It is envisaged that progress in the field of imaging and sensing domains, taken together, could benefit from the biomedical implementation of new synthetic platforms such as metal complexes and functional materials supported on organic molecular species, which can be conjugated to targeting biomolecules and encompass adaptable and versatile molecular architectures. Furthermore, we include hereby an overview of aspects of biosensing methods aimed to tackle PCa: prostate biomarkers such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) have been incorporated into synthetic platforms and explored in the context of sensing and imaging applications in preclinical investigations for the early detection of PCa. Finally, some of the societal concerns around nanotechnology being used for the detection of PCa are considered and addressed together with the concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles–these were aspects of recent lively debates that currently hamper the clinical advancements of nano-theranostics. The publications survey conducted for this review includes, to the best of our knowledge, some of the most recent relevant literature examples from the state-of-the-art. Highlighting these advances would be of interest to the biomedical research community aiming to advance the application of theranostics particularly in PCa diagnosis and treatment, but also to those interested in the development of new probes and methodologies for the simultaneous imaging and therapy monitoring employed for PCa targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Calatayud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sofia I. Pascu, ; David G. Calatayud,
| | - Sotia Neophytou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Nicodemou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre of Therapeutic Innovations, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sofia I. Pascu, ; David G. Calatayud,
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Pearce N, Reynolds KEA, Kayal S, Sun XZ, Davies ES, Malagreca F, Schürmann CJ, Ito S, Yamano A, Argent SP, George MW, Champness NR. Selective photoinduced charge separation in perylenediimide-pillar[5]arene rotaxanes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:415. [PMID: 35058440 PMCID: PMC8776946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to control photoinduced charge transfer within molecules represents a major challenge requiring precise control of the relative positioning and orientation of donor and acceptor groups. Here we show that such photoinduced charge transfer processes within homo- and hetero-rotaxanes can be controlled through organisation of the components of the mechanically interlocked molecules, introducing alternative pathways for electron donation. Specifically, studies of two rotaxanes are described: a homo[3]rotaxane, built from a perylenediimide diimidazolium rod that threads two pillar[5]arene macrocycles, and a hetero[4]rotaxane in which an additional bis(1,5-naphtho)-38-crown-10 (BN38C10) macrocycle encircles the central perylenediimide. The two rotaxanes are characterised by a combination of techniques including electron diffraction crystallography in the case of the hetero[4]rotaxane. Cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and EPR spectroscopy are employed to establish the behaviour of the redox states of both rotaxanes and these data are used to inform photophysical studies using time-resolved infra-red (TRIR) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies. The latter studies illustrate the formation of a symmetry-breaking charge-separated state in the case of the homo[3]rotaxane in which charge transfer between the pillar[5]arene and perylenediimide is observed involving only one of the two macrocyclic components. In the case of the hetero[4]rotaxane charge separation is observed involving only the BN38C10 macrocycle and the perylenediimide leaving the pillar[5]arene components unperturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Surajit Kayal
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xue Z Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ferdinando Malagreca
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Sho Ito
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamano
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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5
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Ivanov P. Computational study (MM and DFT) on the conformations of some aromatic crown ether rotaxane macrocycles. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Jucker L, Aeschi Y, Mayor M. Aqueous assembly of a (pseudo)rotaxane with a donor–π–acceptor axis formed by a Knoevenagel condensation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of a linear D–π–A “push–pull” chromophore synthesized by a Knoevenagel condensation as axle of a rotaxane is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Jucker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Yves Aeschi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)
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7
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Aeschi Y, Jucker L, Häussinger D, Mayor M. Slow Formation of Pseudorotaxanes in Water. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Aeschi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Laurent Jucker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU); 510275 Guangzhou China
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8
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Pekdemir F, Orman EB, Selçuki NA, Özkaya AR, Salih B, Şengül A. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and electrocolorimetric properties of novel 2-(2′-pyridyl)-1H-benzimidazole appended bay-substituted perylene diimide triads. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Işık Büyükekşi S, Şengül A, Erdönmez S, Altındal A, Orman EB, Özkaya AR. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes of a chelating 1,10-phenanthroline appended perylene diimide. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2549-2560. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The triads exhibit pronounced semiconducting properties and have the potential for use in DSSCs as a sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebile Işık Büyükekşi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Bülent Ecevit University
- TR-67100 Zonguldak
- Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Şengül
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Bülent Ecevit University
- TR-67100 Zonguldak
- Turkey
| | - Seda Erdönmez
- Department of Physics
- Yıldız Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altındal
- Department of Physics
- Yıldız Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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10
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Barendt TA, Ferreira L, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. Anion- and Solvent-Induced Rotary Dynamics and Sensing in a Perylene Diimide [3]Catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9026-9037. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Shi J, Cao X, Wang X, Nie X, Zhou B, Bao X, Zhu J. A novel switchable [2]rotaxane driven by light energy with Rhodamine B as a stopper. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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13
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Pekdemir F, Kurnalı S, Şengül A, Altındal A, Rıza Özkaya A, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. A conformationally stressed novel ball-type perylenediimide appended zinc(ii)phthalocyanine hybrid: spectroelectrochemical, electrocolorimetric and photovoltaic properties. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:158-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ZnPc-perylenediimide hybrid displayed a well-defined electrochromic behaviour and the best photovoltaic conversion efficiency observed with a Pc-based organic solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Pekdemir
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Bülent Ecevit University
- Zonguldak
- Turkey
| | - Sertan Kurnalı
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Bülent Ecevit University
- Zonguldak
- Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Şengül
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Bülent Ecevit University
- Zonguldak
- Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altındal
- Department of Physics
- Davutpasa Caddesi
- Yıldız Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | | | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry
- Hacettepe University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Özer Bekaroğlu
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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Llewellyn BA, Slater AG, Goretzki G, Easun TL, Sun XZ, Davies ES, Argent SP, Lewis W, Beeby A, George MW, Champness NR. Photophysics and electrochemistry of a platinum-acetylide disubstituted perylenediimide. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:85-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Zhong L, Xing F, Shi W, Yan L, Xie L, Zhu S. Synthesis, spectra, and electron-transfer reaction of aspartic acid-functionalized water-soluble perylene bisimide in aqueous solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3401-3407. [PMID: 23506346 DOI: 10.1021/am4004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An aspartic acid-functionalized water-soluble perylene bisimide, N,N'-di(2-succinic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (PASP) was synthesized and characterized. It has absorbance maximum A(0-0) and A(0-1) at 527 and 498 nm (ε ≈ 1.7 × 10(4) L cm(-1) mol(-1)) respectively in pH 7.20 HEPES buffer. Two quasi-reversible redox processes with E1/2 at -0.17 and -0.71 V (vs Ag/AgCl) respectively in pH 7-12.5 aqueous solutions. PASP can react with Na2S in pure aqueous solution to form monoanion radical and dianion species consecutively. PASP(-•) has EPR signal with g = 1.998 in aqueous solution, whereas PASP(2-) is EPR silent. The monoanion radical formation is a first-order reaction with k = 8.9 × 10(-2) s(-1). Dianion species formation is a zero-order reaction and the rate constant is 4.3 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) s(-1). The presence of H2O2 greatly increases the radical formation rate constant. PASP as a two-electron transfer reagent is expected to be used in the water photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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16
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Slater AG, Davies ES, Argent SP, Lewis W, Blake AJ, McMaster J, Champness NR. Bis-thioether-substituted perylene diimides: structural, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2853-62. [PMID: 23506219 DOI: 10.1021/jo400026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and separation of the 1,6- and 1,7- isomers of N,N'-bis(alkyl)diadamantylthio-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide are reported. Investigations of the structural, electrochemical, spectroscopic, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the isomers reveal a sequence of electrochemically and chemically reversible reduction processes for both isomers. Three X-ray crystal structures are reported including a pair of 1,6- and 1,7-isomers demonstrating the twist of the perylene core in the solid state. Our studies thoroughly characterize the mono- and direduced states of the two isomers allowing unequivocal characterization of the reduced species by UV-vis and IR spectroscopic measurements. EPR studies also allow direct identification of the monoreduced PTCDI species and spectroscopic measurements confirm the delocalization of electronic density around the carbonyl moieties of the reduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Slater
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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17
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Xu L, Liu C, Qin Z, Jiang R, Li Y. Core Expansion of Perylenetetracarboxdiimide Dyes with Anthraquinone Units for Electron-Accepting Materials. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Basuray AN, de Rouville HPJ, Hartlieb KJ, Fahrenbach AC, Stoddart JF. Beyond Perylene Diimides-Diazaperopyrenium Dications as Chameleonic Nanoscale Building Blocks. Chem Asian J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Jacquot de Rouville HP, Iehl J, Bruns CJ, McGrier PL, Frasconi M, Sarjeant AA, Stoddart JF. A Neutral Naphthalene Diimide [2]Rotaxane. Org Lett 2012; 14:5188-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3022963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Iehl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Carson J. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Psaras L. McGrier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Gibson HW, Wang H, Niu Z, Slebodnick C, Zhakharov LN, Rheingold AL. Rotaxanes from Tetralactams. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202373x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Zhenbin Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Lev N. Zhakharov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United
States
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