1
|
Gabbey AL, Scotchburn K, Rousseaux SAL. Metal-catalysed C-C bond formation at cyclopropanes. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00499-6. [PMID: 37217564 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are important substructures in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Although traditional methods for their incorporation rely on cyclopropanation of an existing scaffold, the advent of transition-metal catalysis has enabled installation of functionalized cyclopropanes using cross-coupling reactions. The unique bonding and structural properties of cyclopropane render it more easily functionalized in transition-metal-catalysed cross-couplings than other C(sp3) substrates. The cyclopropane coupling partner can participate in polar cross-coupling reactions either as a nucleophile (organometallic reagents) or as an electrophile (cyclopropyl halides). More recently, single-electron transformations featuring cyclopropyl radicals have emerged. This Review will provide an overview of transition-metal-catalysed C-C bond formation reactions at cyclopropane, covering both traditional and current strategies, and the benefits and limitations of each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katerina Scotchburn
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thakur SK, Kaur M, Manar KK, Adhikari M, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Well‐Defined Ni(0) and Ni(II) Complexes of Bicyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (
Me
BICAAC): Catalytic Activity and Mechanistic Insights in Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202237. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Krishna Kumar Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Manu Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306 Mohali Punjab India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar 140306 Mohali Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajalakshmi C, Krishnan A, Saranya S, Anilkumar G, Thomas VI. A detailed theoretical investigation to unravel the molecular mechanism of the ligand-free copper-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4539-4552. [PMID: 35388388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) represents a very efficacious method for constructing C-C bonds in organic synthesis. The ligand-free variants of SMC have been grabbing attention these days. Despite this momentousness, the mechanistic details of the ligand-free variants are scant in the literature. Herein, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic investigation into the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC of unsaturated organic halides with aryl boronic acid with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) method. The present study elucidates that in the absence of ancillary ligands on the metal, the substrates, base, and solvent molecules could act as pseudo-ancillary ligands to facilitate the cross-coupling reaction. The investigation further revealed that unsaturated halides like alkynyl halides/vinyl halides could act as good ancillary ligands for copper by forming a Cu-π intermediate and promoting a facile transmetalation process. However, regarding the oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps, a concerted pathway is observed contrary to Pd catalyzed Suzuki coupling, owing to the instability of Cu(III) species and the favourability of Csp2-Csp bond formation. In the whole set of mechanisms explored, oxidative addition/oxidative nucleophilic substitution was the rate-determining step in all the cases. A thermodynamically stable π-coordinated intermediate species where the substrate and base molecule are coordinated to the metal center is identified as the rate-determining species for the ligand-free Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The presence of the aforesaid intermediate increases the energy span and consequently the activation barrier for the rate-determining step. This study unveiled a theoretical rationale for the high-temperature requirement in the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rajalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Anandhu Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
| | - Vibin Ipe Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hedouin G, Hazra S, Gallou F, Handa S. The Catalytic Formation of Atropisomers and Stereocenters via Asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura Couplings. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Hedouin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Susanta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sandford C, Fries LR, Ball TE, Minteer SD, Sigman MS. Mechanistic Studies into the Oxidative Addition of Co(I) Complexes: Combining Electroanalytical Techniques with Parameterization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18877-18889. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sandford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lydia R. Fries
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tyler E. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin H, Fu GC. Mechanistic Investigation of Enantioconvergent Kumada Reactions of Racemic α-Bromoketones Catalyzed by a Nickel/Bis(oxazoline) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15433-15440. [PMID: 31502449 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a wide array of methods for achieving nickel-catalyzed substitution reactions of alkyl electrophiles by organometallic nucleophiles, including enantioconvergent processes, have been described; however, experiment-focused mechanistic studies of such couplings have been comparatively scarce. The most detailed mechanistic investigations to date have examined catalysts that bear tridentate ligands and, with one exception, processes that are not enantioselective; studies of catalysts based on bidentate ligands could be anticipated to be more challenging, due to difficulty in isolating proposed intermediates as a result of instability arising from coordinative unsaturation. In this investigation, we explore the mechanism of enantioconvergent Kumada reactions of racemic α-bromoketones catalyzed by a nickel complex that bears a bidentate chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand. Utilizing an array of mechanistic tools (including isolation and reactivity studies of three of the four proposed nickel-containing intermediates, as well as interrogation via EPR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, radical probes, and DFT calculations), we provide support for a pathway in which carbon-carbon bond formation proceeds via a radical-chain process wherein a nickel(I) complex serves as the chain-carrying radical and an organonickel(II) complex is the predominant resting state of the catalyst. Computations indicate that the coupling of this organonickel(II) complex with an organic radical is the stereochemistry-determining step of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Yin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Y, Zhou Q, Cai J, Xue T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Su Y, Chung L, Vicic DA. Exploiting the trifluoroethyl group as a precatalyst ligand in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5275-5282. [PMID: 31191883 PMCID: PMC6540912 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the exploitment of the partially fluorinated trifluoroethyl as precatalyst ligands in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylation and fluoroalkylation coupling reactions. Compared with the [L n NiII(aryl)(X)] precatalysts, the unique characters of bis-trifluoroethyl ligands imparted precatalyst [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] with bench-top stability, good solubilities in organic media and interesting catalytic activities. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that an eliminative extrusion of a vinylidene difluoride (VDF, CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2) mask from [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] is a critical step for the initiation of a catalytic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Junjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Teng Xue
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , 6 E. Packer Ave. , Bethlehem , PA 18015 , USA .
| | - Yingle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Yumei Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan , School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu , Zigong , Sichuan 643000 , China .
| | - Lungwa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry , Lehigh University , 6 E. Packer Ave. , Bethlehem , PA 18015 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vogiatzis KD, Polynski MV, Kirkland JK, Townsend J, Hashemi A, Liu C, Pidko EA. Computational Approach to Molecular Catalysis by 3d Transition Metals: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2453-2523. [PMID: 30376310 PMCID: PMC6396130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry provides a versatile toolbox for studying mechanistic details of catalytic reactions and holds promise to deliver practical strategies to enable the rational in silico catalyst design. The versatile reactivity and nontrivial electronic structure effects, common for systems based on 3d transition metals, introduce additional complexity that may represent a particular challenge to the standard computational strategies. In this review, we discuss the challenges and capabilities of modern electronic structure methods for studying the reaction mechanisms promoted by 3d transition metal molecular catalysts. Particular focus will be placed on the ways of addressing the multiconfigurational problem in electronic structure calculations and the role of expert bias in the practical utilization of the available methods. The development of density functionals designed to address transition metals is also discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the methods that account for solvation effects and the multicomponent nature of practical catalytic systems. This is followed by an overview of recent computational studies addressing the mechanistic complexity of catalytic processes by molecular catalysts based on 3d metals. Cases that involve noninnocent ligands, multicomponent reaction systems, metal-ligand and metal-metal cooperativity, as well as modeling complex catalytic systems such as metal-organic frameworks are presented. Conventionally, computational studies on catalytic mechanisms are heavily dependent on the chemical intuition and expert input of the researcher. Recent developments in advanced automated methods for reaction path analysis hold promise for eliminating such human-bias from computational catalysis studies. A brief overview of these approaches is presented in the final section of the review. The paper is closed with general concluding remarks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jacob Townsend
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT
group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhat IA, Avinash I, Anantharaman G. Nickel(II)- and Palladium(II)-NHC Complexes from Hydroxypyridine Functionalized C,O Chelate Type Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity toward Kumada–Tamao–Corriu Reaction. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
- S. A. M. Degree College, Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir, 191111, India
| | - Iruthayaraj Avinash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Cai J, Luo G, Jiang Y, Su Y, Su Y, Li C, Zheng Y, Zeng J, Liu Y. Nickel-catalyzed fluoroethylation of arylboronic acids via Suzuki-type coupling. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new and step-economic method for the synthesis of homobenzylic fluorides through nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type fluoroethylation coupling is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Yumei Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Chaolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Jijiao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| | - Yingle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong
- China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Zou L, Bai R, Lan Y. Ni(i)–Ni(iii) vs. Ni(ii)–Ni(iv): mechanistic study of Ni-catalyzed alkylation of benzamides with alkyl halides. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT investigations into the mechanism of Ni-catalyzed alkylation of benzamides with alkyl halides are reported. Computational results show that the Ni(ii)–Ni(iv) catalytic cycle is favorable; meanwhile, the oxidative addition of alkylbromide forms a Ni(iv) intermediate and is the rate-determining step of the whole catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | | | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dürr AB, Fisher HC, Kalvet I, Truong K, Schoenebeck F. Divergent Reactivity of a Dinuclear (NHC)Nickel(I) Catalyst versus Nickel(0) Enables Chemoselective Trifluoromethylselenolation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13431-13435. [PMID: 28795520 PMCID: PMC5656904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We herein showcase the ability of NHC-coordinated dinuclear NiI -NiI complexes to override fundamental reactivity limits of mononuclear (NHC)Ni0 catalysts in cross-couplings. This is demonstrated with the development of a chemoselective trifluoromethylselenolation of aryl iodides catalyzed by a NiI dimer. A novel SeCF3 -bridged NiI dimer was isolated and shown to selectively react with Ar-I bonds. Our computational and experimental reactivity data suggest dinuclear NiI catalysis to be operative. The corresponding Ni0 species, on the other hand, suffers from preferred reaction with the product, ArSeCF3 , over productive cross-coupling and is hence inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Dürr
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Henry C. Fisher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Khai‐Nghi Truong
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang SQ, Taylor BLH, Ji CL, Gao Y, Harris MR, Hanna LE, Jarvo ER, Houk KN, Hong X. Mechanism and Origins of Ligand-Controlled Stereoselectivity of Ni-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling with Benzylic Esters: A Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12994-13005. [PMID: 28838241 PMCID: PMC5607113 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nickel catalysts have shown unique ligand control of stereoselectivity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of boronates with benzylic pivalates and derivatives involving C(sp3)-O cleavage. The SIMes ligand (1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) produces the stereochemically inverted C-C coupling product, while the tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) ligand delivers the retained stereochemistry. We have explored the mechanism and origins of the ligand-controlled stereoselectivity with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The oxidative addition determines the stereoselectivity with two competing transition states, an SN2 back-side attack type transition state that inverts the benzylic stereogenic center and a concerted oxidative addition through a cyclic transition state, which provides stereoretention. The key difference between the two transition states is the substrate-nickel-ligand angle distortion; the ligand controls the selectivity by differentiating the ease of this angle distortion. For the PCy3 ligand, the nickel-ligand interaction involves mainly σ-donation, which does not require a significant energy penalty for the angle distortion. The facile angle distortion with PCy3 ligand allows the favorable cyclic oxidative addition transition state, leading to the stereoretention. For the SIMes ligand, the extra d-p back-donation from nickel to the coordinating carbene increases the rigidity of the nickel-ligand bond, and the corresponding angle distortion is more difficult. This makes the concerted cyclic oxidative addition unfavorable with SIMes ligand, and the back-side SN2-type oxidative addition delivers the stereoinversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Buck L. H. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Chong-Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Michael R. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Luke E. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dürr AB, Fisher HC, Kalvet I, Truong KN, Schoenebeck F. Divergent Reactivity of a Dinuclear (NHC)Nickel(I) Catalyst versus Nickel(0) Enables Chemoselective Trifluoromethylselenolation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Dürr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Henry C. Fisher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kalvet I, Guo Q, Tizzard GJ, Schoenebeck F. When Weaker Can Be Tougher: The Role of Oxidation State (I) in P- vs N-Ligand-Derived Ni-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl Halides. ACS Catal 2017; 7:2126-2132. [PMID: 28286695 PMCID: PMC5339856 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct introduction of the valuable SCF3 moiety into organic molecules has received considerable attention. While it can be achieved successfully for aryl chlorides under catalysis with Ni0(cod)2 and dppf, this report investigates the Ni-catalyzed functionalization of the seemingly more reactive aryl halides ArI and ArBr. Counterintuitively, the observed conversion triggered by dppf/Ni0 is ArCl > ArBr > ArI, at odds with bond strength preferences. By a combined computational and experimental approach, the origin of this was identified to be due to the formation of (dppf)NiI, which favors β-F elimination as a competing pathway over the productive cross-coupling, ultimately generating the inactive complex (dppf)Ni(SCF2) as a catalysis dead end. The complexes (dppf)NiI-Br and (dppf)NiI-I were isolated and resolved by X-ray crystallography. Their formation was found to be consistent with a ligand-exchange-induced comproportionation mechanism. In stark contrast to these phosphine-derived Ni complexes, the corresponding nitrogen-ligand-derived species were found to be likely competent catalysts in oxidation state I. Our computational studies of N-ligand derived NiI complexes fully support productive NiI/NiIII catalysis, as the competing β-F elimination is disfavored. Moreover, N-derived NiI complexes are predicted to be more reactive than their Ni0 counterparts in catalysis. These data showcase fundamentally different roles of NiI in carbon-heteroatom bond formation depending on the ligand sphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- EPSRC National Crystallography
Service, School of Chemistry, University
of Southampton, University
Road, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
NiICatalyzes the Regioselective Cross-Coupling of Alkylzinc Halides and Propargyl Bromides to Allenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1584-1590. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Li Z, Xia M, Boyd RJ. Theoretical study on the mechanism of iridium-catalyzed γ-functionalization of primary alkyl C–H bonds. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the iridium-catalyzed functionalization of a primary C–H bond at the γ position of an alcohol 5 is investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A new IrIII–IrV mechanism is found to be more feasible than the previously reported IrI–IrIII mechanism. 10 In the IrIII–IrV mechanism, the reaction begins with the initial formation of (Me4phen)IrIII(H)[Si(OR)Et2]2 from the catalyst precursor, [Ir(cod)OMe]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene). The catalytic cycle includes five steps: (1) the insertion of norbornene into the Ir–H bond to produce (Me4phen)IrIII(norbornyl)[Si(OR)Et2]2 (R = –CH(C2H5)C3H7); (2) the Si–H oxidative addition of HSi(OR)Et2 to form (Me4phen)IrVH(norbornyl)[Si(OR)Et2]3; (3) the reductive elimination of norbornane to furnish (Me4phen)IrIII[Si(OR)Et2]3; (4) the intramolecular C–H activation of the primary C–H bond at the γ position; and (5) the Si–C reductive elimination to produce the final product and regenerate the catalyst. The highest barrier in the IrIII–IrV mechanism is 7.3 kcal/mol lower than that of the IrI–IrIII mechanism. In addition, the regioselectivity of the C–H activation predicted by this new IrIII–IrV mechanism is consistent with experimental observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Miaoren Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Russell J. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu LL, Chen P, Sun Y, Wu Y, Chen S, Zhu J, Zhao Y. Mechanism of Nickel-Catalyzed Selective C-N Bond Activation in Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides: A Theoretical Investigation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11686-11696. [PMID: 27809510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In textbooks, the low reactivity of amides is attributed to the strong resonance stability. However, Garg and co-workers recently reported the Ni-catalyzed activation of robust amide C-N bonds, leading to conversions of amides into esters, ketones, and other amides with high selectivity. Among them, the Ni-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) of N-benzyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (N-Bn-N-Boc) amides with pinacolatoboronate (PhBpin) was performed in the presence of K3PO4 and water. Water significantly enhanced the reaction. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the present study explored the mechanism of the aforementioned SMC reaction as well as analyzed the weakening of amide C-N bond by N-functionalization. The most favorable pathway includes four basic steps: oxidative addition, protonation, transmetalation, and reductive elimination. Comparing the base- and water-free process, the transmetalation step with the help of K3PO4 and water is significantly more facile. Water efficiently protonates the basic N(Boc) (Bn) group to form a neutral HN(Boc) (Bn), which is easily removed. The transmetalation step is the rate-determining step with an energy barrier of 25.6 kcal/mol. Further, a DFT prediction was carried out to investigate the full catalytic cycle of a cyclic (amino) (aryl)carbene in the Ni-catalyzed SMC of amides, which provided clues for further design of catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Yile Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and ‡State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pelties S, Carter E, Folli A, Mahon MF, Murphy DM, Whittlesey MK, Wolf R. Influence of Ring-Expanded N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on the Structures of Half-Sandwich Ni(I) Complexes: An X-ray, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) Study. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11006-11017. [PMID: 27731984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potassium graphite reduction of the half-sandwich Ni(II) ring-expanded diamino/diamidocarbene complexes CpNi(RE-NHC)Br gave the Ni(I) derivatives CpNi(RE-NHC) (where RE-NHC = 6-Mes (1), 7-Mes (2), 6-MesDAC (3)) in yields of 40%-50%. The electronic structures of paramagnetic 1-3 were investigated by CW X-/Q-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Q-band 1H electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy. While small variations in the g-values were observed between the diaminocarbene complexes 1 and 2, pronounced changes in the g-values were detected between the almost isostructural species (1) and diamidocarbene species (3). These results highlight the sensitivity of the EPR g-tensor to changes in the electronic structure of the Ni(I) centers generated by incorporation of heteroatom substituents onto the backbone ring positions. Variable-temperature EPR analysis also revealed the presence of a second Ni(I) site in 3. The experimental g-values for these two Ni(I) sites detected by EPR in frozen solutions of 3 are consistent with resolution on the EPR time scale of the disordered components evident in the X-ray crystallographically determined structure and the corresponding density functional theory (DFT)-calculated g-tensor. Q-band 1H ENDOR measurements revealed a small amount of unpaired electron spin density on the Cp rings, consistent with the calculated SOMO of complexes 1-3. The magnitude of the 1H A values for 3 were also notably larger, compared to 1 and 2, again highlighting the influence of the diamidocarbene on the electronic properties of 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pelties
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emma Carter
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Folli
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Damien M Murphy
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael K Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Menezes da Silva VH, Braga AAC, Cundari TR. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based Nickel and Palladium Complexes: A DFT Comparison of the Mizoroki–Heck Catalytic Cycles. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Menezes da Silva
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling
(CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling
(CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu X, Xiao B, Liu L, Fu Y. Formation of C(sp3
)-C(sp3
) Bonds through Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Olefin Hydroalkylation Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:11161-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Güveli Ş, Agopcan Çınar S, Karahan Ö, Aviyente V, Ülküseven B. Nickel(II)-PPh3Complexes ofS,N-Substituted Thiosemicarbazones - Structure, DFT Study, and Catalytic Efficiency. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
24
|
Xu L, Chung LW, Wu YD. Mechanism of Ni-NHC Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers: Roles of the Excess Base. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu ZY, Jiang YY, Yu HZ, Fu Y. Mechanism of Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H Coupling of Benzamides and Toluene Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2479-83. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for; Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 China
| | - Yao Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion; Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gutierrez O, Tellis JC, Primer DN, Molander GA, Kozlowski MC. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of photoredox-generated radicals: uncovering a general manifold for stereoconvergence in nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4896-9. [PMID: 25836634 PMCID: PMC4576934 DOI: 10.1021/ja513079r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cross-coupling of sp(3)-hybridized organoboron reagents via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis represents a new paradigm of reactivity for engaging alkylmetallic reagents in transition-metal-catalyzed processes. Reported here is an investigation into the mechanistic details of this important transformation using density functional theory. Calculations bring to light a new reaction pathway involving an alkylnickel(I) complex generated by addition of an alkyl radical to Ni(0) that is likely to operate simultaneously with the previously proposed mechanism. Analysis of the enantioselective variant of the transformation reveals an unexpected manifold for stereoinduction involving dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of a Ni(III) intermediate wherein the stereodetermining step is reductive elimination. Furthermore, calculations suggest that the DKR-based stereoinduction manifold may be responsible for stereoselectivity observed in numerous other stereoconvergent Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings and reductive couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John C Tellis
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David N Primer
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cheung MS, Sheong FK, Marder TB, Lin Z. Computational Insight into Nickel-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon versus Carbon-Boron Coupling Reactions of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alkyl Bromides. Chemistry 2015; 21:7480-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Yin G, Kalvet I, Englert U, Schoenebeck F. Fundamental Studies and Development of Nickel-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl Chlorides: Active Catalytic Species and Key Roles of Ligand and Traceless MeCN Additive Revealed. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4164-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Yin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yotsuji K, Hoshiya N, Kobayashi T, Fukuda H, Abe H, Arisawa M, Shuto S. Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of a Tertiary Iodocyclopropane with Wide Boronic Acid Substrate Scope: Coupling Reaction Outcome Depends on Radical Species Stability. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
31
|
Li Z, Liu L. Recent advances in mechanistic studies on Ni catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Xin J, Zhang G, Deng Y, Zhang H, Lei A. Which one is faster? A kinetic investigation of Pd and Ni catalyzed Negishi-type oxidative coupling reactions. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19777-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difference between Pd and Ni has been investigated based on the Negishi-type oxidative coupling reactions in which reductive elimination was proved to be the rate determining step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang JX, Wang YJ, Zhang W, Wang NX, Bai CB, Xing YL, Li YH, Wen JL. Selective nickel- and manganese-catalyzed decarboxylative cross coupling of some α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with cyclic ethers. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7446. [PMID: 25502282 PMCID: PMC4264008 DOI: 10.1038/srep07446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A nickel- and manganese-catalyzed decarboxylative cross coupling of α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1, 4-dioxane was developed. Oxyalkylation was achieved when nickel acetate was used as catalyst, while manganese acetate promoted the reaction of alkenylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan-Jing Wang
- College of Sciences, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nai-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cui-Bing Bai
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ya-Lan Xing
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi-He Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng X, Yang Q, Li Z, Zhu Z, Cui X, Fu H, Chen H, Li R. Trans-chloro-(1-naphthyl)bis[tris-(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphane]-nickel(II) catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides with phenylboronic acid. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
35
|
DFT study of the single electron transfer mechanisms in Ni-Catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl bromide and alkyl bromide. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Soler-Yanes R, Guisán-Ceinos M, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Kumada Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides and Vinylogous Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
37
|
Bernhammer JC, Huynh HV. Nickel(II) Benzimidazolin-2-ylidene Complexes with Thioether-Functionalized Side Chains as Catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500484q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Bernhammer
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117513, Singapore
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117513, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang F, Ren Q. Theoretical investigation of the mechanisms of the biphenyl formation in Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling system. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
Zheng B, Tang F, Luo J, Schultz JW, Rath NP, Mirica LM. Organometallic Nickel(III) Complexes Relevant to Cross-Coupling and Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6499-504. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5024749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Fengzhi Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Jia Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Jason W. Schultz
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sontag SK, Bilbrey JA, Huddleston NE, Sheppard GR, Allen WD, Locklin J. π-Complexation in Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1836-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402259z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kyle Sontag
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Computational Chemistry,
and §College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jenna A. Bilbrey
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Computational Chemistry,
and §College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - N. Eric Huddleston
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Computational Chemistry,
and §College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Gareth R. Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Computational Chemistry,
and §College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Wesley D. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Computational Chemistry,
and §College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jason Locklin
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Computational Chemistry,
and §College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hong X, Liang Y, Houk KN. Mechanisms and origins of switchable chemoselectivity of Ni-catalyzed C(aryl)-O and C(acyl)-O activation of aryl esters with phosphine ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2017-25. [PMID: 24428154 DOI: 10.1021/ja4118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many experiments have shown that nickel with monodentate phosphine ligands favors the C(aryl)-O activation over the C(acyl)-O activation for aryl esters. However, Itami and co-workers recently discovered that nickel with bidentate phosphine ligands can selectively activate the C(acyl)-O bond of aryl esters of aromatic carboxylic acids. The chemoselectivity with bidentate phosphine ligands can be switched back to C(aryl)-O activation when aryl pivalates are employed. To understand the mechanisms and origins of this switchable chemoselectivity, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted. For aryl esters, nickel with bidentate phosphine ligands cleaves C(acyl)-O and C(aryl)-O bonds via three-centered transition states. The C(acyl)-O activation is more favorable due to the lower bond dissociation energy (BDE) of C(acyl)-O bond, which translates into a lower transition-state distortion energy. However, when monodentate phosphine ligands are used, a vacant coordination site on nickel creates an extra Ni-O bond in the five-centered C(aryl)-O cleavage transition state. The additional interaction energy between the catalyst and substrate makes C(aryl)-O activation favorable. In the case of aryl pivalates, nickel with bidentate phosphine ligands still favors the C(acyl)-O activation over the C(aryl)-O activation at the cleavage step. However, the subsequent decarbonylation generates a very unstable tBu-Ni(II) intermediate, and this unfavorable step greatly increases the overall barrier for generating the C(acyl)-O activation products. Instead, the subsequent C-H activation of azoles and C-C coupling in the C(aryl)-O activation pathway are much easier, leading to the observed C(aryl)-O activation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sawatlon B, Wititsuwannakul T, Tantirungrotechai Y, Surawatanawong P. Mechanism of Ni N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst for C–O bond hydrogenolysis of diphenyl ether: a density functional study. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:18123-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ni(SIPr)(η2-PhOPh) is the key active species for C–O bond hydrogenolysis of diphenyl ether.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boodsarin Sawatlon
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Taveechai Wititsuwannakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Tantirungrotechai
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Thammasat University
- Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Alternative Energy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pudasaini B, Janesko BG. Agostic Interactions in Nickel(II) Complexes: Trans Influence of Ancillary Ligands on the Strength of the Bond. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Pudasaini
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort
Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort
Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gas-phase studies of copper catalyzed aerobic cross coupling of thiol esters and arylboronic acids. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
45
|
Han FS. Transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions: a remarkable advance from palladium to nickel catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5270-98. [PMID: 23460083 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, the use of the first row transition metals as catalysts is much more appealing than the precious metals owing to the apparent advantages such as cheapness and earth abundance. Within the last two decades, particularly the last five years, explosive interests have been focused on the nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. This has greatly advanced the chemistry of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Most notably, a broad range of aryl electrophiles such as phenols, aryl ethers, esters, carbonates, carbamates, sulfamates, phosphates, phosphoramides, phosphonium salts, and fluorides, as well as various alkyl electrophiles, which are conventionally challenging, by applying palladium catalysts can now be coupled efficiently with boron reagents in the presence of nickel catalysts. In this review, we would like to summarize the progress in this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-She Han
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biswas S, Weix DJ. Mechanism and selectivity in nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16192-7. [PMID: 23952217 DOI: 10.1021/ja407589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The direct cross-coupling of two different electrophiles, such as an aryl halide with an alkyl halide, offers many advantages over conventional cross-coupling methods that require a carbon nucleophile. Despite its promise as a versatile synthetic strategy, a limited understanding of the mechanism and origin of cross selectivity has hindered progress in reaction development and design. Herein, we shed light on the mechanism for the nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides and demonstrate that the selectivity arises from an unusual catalytic cycle that combines both polar and radical steps to form the new C-C bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang TX, Li Z. A DFT study on Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling polycondensation of aryl bromide monomers. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
48
|
Harvey JN. Spin-forbidden reactions: computational insight into mechanisms and kinetics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N. Harvey
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Computational Chemistry; University of Bristol, Cantock's Close; Bristol United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guisán-Ceinos M, Soler-Yanes R, Collado-Sanz D, Phapale VB, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Ni-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization-Kumada Alkyl-Alkyl Cross-Coupling. Chemistry 2013; 19:8405-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
50
|
Shen YH, Ye Q, Hou SG, Wang Q. An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure trans-N1,N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13626731204890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new pathway is described to produce a highly optically pure isomer of trans-N1,N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine through four simple steps. Reaction of cyclohexene oxide with aqueous methylamine, followed by cyclisation with Mitsunobu reagent and ring-opening reactions gave rac-trans- N1,N2-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine, and the enantiomers were obtained via a kinetic resolution using tartaric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Gang Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|