1
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Canac Y. Carbon-Phosphorus Ligands with Extreme Donating Character. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300187. [PMID: 37435947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbeniophosphines [R2 C+ -PR2 ] and phosphonium ylides [R3 P+ -CR2 - ] are two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus based ligands defined by their unique donor properties. Indeed, while carbeniophosphines are electron-poor P-ligands due to the positioning of a positive charge near the coordinating P-atom, phosphonium ylides are electron-rich C-ligands due to the presence of a negatively charged coordinating C-atom. Based on this knowledge, this account summarizes our recent contribution on these two classes of carbon-phosphorus ligands, and in particular the strategies developed to lower the donor character of carbeniophosphines and enhance that of phosphonium ylides. This led us to design, at both extremities of the donating scale, extremely electron-poor P-ligands exemplified by imidazoliophosphonites [R2 C+ -P(OR)2 ] and dicarbeniophosphines [(R2 C+ )2 -PR], and extremely electron-rich C-ligands illustrated by pincer architectures exhibiting several phosphonium ylide donor extremities. In the context of carbon-phosphorus analogy, the closely related cases of ligands where the C-atom of a NHC ligand is in close proximity of two positive charges, and that of a phosphonium ylide coordinated through its P-atom are also discussed. An overview of the synthetic methods, coordinating properties, general reactivity and electronic structure of all these C,P-based species is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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2
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Padunnappattu A, Duhayon C, César V, Canac Y. Bis( N-cyclopropenio)-imidazol-2-ylidene: An N-Heterocyclic Carbene Bearing Two N-Cationic Substituents. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Padunnappattu
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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3
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Taakili R, Barthes C, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Direct Access to Palladium(II) Complexes Based on Anionic C, C, C-Phosphonium Ylide Core Pincer Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12116-12128. [PMID: 34333976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of readily available imidazolium-phosphonium salt [MesIm(CH2)3PPh3](OTf)2 with PdCl2 in the presence of an excess of Cs2CO3 afforded selectively in one step the cationic Pd(II) complex [(C,C,C)Pd(NCMe)](OTf) exhibiting an LX2-type NHC-ylide-aryl C,C,C-pincer ligand via formal triple C-H bond activation. The replacement of labile MeCN in the latter by CNtBu and CO fragments allowed to estimate the overall electronic properties of this phosphonium ylide core pincer scaffold incorporating three different carbon-based donor ends by IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and molecular orbital analysis, revealing its significantly higher electron-rich character compared to the structurally close NHC core pincer system with two phosphonium ylide extremities. The pincer complex [(C,C,C)Pd(CO)](OTf) represents a rare example of Pd(II) carbonyl species stable at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The treatment of isostructural cationic complexes [(C,C,C)Pd(NCMe)](OTf) and [(C,C,C)Pd(CO)](OTf) with (allyl)MgBr and nBuLi led to the formation of zwitterionic phosphonium organopalladates [(C,C,C)PdBr] and [(C,C,C)Pd(COnBu)], respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
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4
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Litle ED, Wilkins LC, Gabbaï FP. Ligand-enforced intimacy between a gold cation and a carbenium ion: impact on stability and reactivity. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3929-3936. [PMID: 34163662 PMCID: PMC8179465 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05777k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the reactivity of transition metal complexes by positioning non-innocent functionalities around the catalytic pocket is a concept that has led to significant advances in catalysis. Here we describe our efforts toward the synthesis of dicationic phosphine gold complexes of general formula [(o-Ph2P(C6H4)Carb)Au(tht)]2+ decorated by a carbenium moiety (Carb) positioned in the immediate vicinity of the gold center. While the most acidic examples of such compounds have limited stability, the dicationic complexes with Carb+ = 9-N-methylacridinium and Carb+ = [C(ArN)2]+ (ArN = p-(C6H4)NMe2) are active as catalysts for the cycloisomerization of N-propargyl-4-fluorobenzamide, a substrate chosen to benchmark reactivity. The dicationic complex [(o-Ph2P(C6H4)C(ArN)2)Au(tht)]2+, which also promotes hydroarylation and enyne cyclization reactions, displays a higher catalytic activity than its acridinium analog, indicating that the electrophilic reactivity of these complexes scales with the Lewis acidity of the carbenium moiety. These results support the role of the carbenium unit as a non-innocent functionality which can readily enhance the activity of the adjacent metal center. Finally, we also describe our efforts toward the generation and isolation of free γ-cationic phosphines of general formula [(o-Ph2P(C6H4)Carb)]+. While cyclization into phosphonium species is observed for Carb+ = [C(ArN)2]+, [C(Ph)(ArN)]+, and 9-xanthylium, [(o-Ph2P(C6H4)-9-N-methylacridinium)]+ can be isolated as an air stable, biphilic derivative with uncompromised Lewis acidic and basic properties. This work describes the synthesis of carbenium-based, γ-cationic phosphines and their coordination to Au(i) cations , leading to carbophilic catalysts whose activity is enhanced by the ligand-enforced convergence of the positively charged moieties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishua D Litle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Lewis C Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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5
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Hussein S, Priester D, Beet P, Cottom J, Hart SJ, James T, Thatcher RJ, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Filling a Niche in "Ligand Space" with Bulky, Electron-Poor Phosphorus(III) Alkoxides. Chemistry 2019; 25:2262-2271. [PMID: 30394591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of phosphorus(III) ligands, which are of key importance in coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry and catalysis, is dominated by relatively electron-rich species. Many of the electron-poor PIII ligands that are readily available have relatively small steric profiles. As such, there is a significant gap in "ligand space" where more sterically bulky, electron-poor PIII ligands are needed. This contribution discusses the coordination chemistry, steric and electronic properties of PIII ligands bearing highly fluorinated alkoxide groups of the general form PRn (ORF )3-n , where R=Ph, RF =C(H)(CF3 )2 and C(CF3 )3 ; n=1-3. These ligands are simple to synthesize and a range of experimental and theoretical methods suggest that their steric and electronic properties can be "tuned" by modification of their substituents, making them excellent candidates for large, electron-poor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Denis Priester
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Paul Beet
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jonathon Cottom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sam J Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tim James
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Robert J Thatcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - John M Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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7
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Nicholls LDM, Alcarazo M. Applications of α-Cationic Phosphines as Ancillary Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo D. M. Nicholls
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Cicač-Hudi M, Schlindwein SH, Feil CM, Nieger M, Gudat D. Cationic Diiodo-Phosphoranides through Oxidative I 2
Addition to Tricyclic Phosphamethine Cyanines. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cicač-Hudi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Simon H. Schlindwein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
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9
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Canac Y. Carbeniophosphines versus Phosphoniocarbenes: The Role of the Positive Charge. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1872-1887. [PMID: 29761658 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of carbeniophosphines and phosphoniocarbenes, which have general structures derived formally from the three-component "carbene/phosphine/positive charge" association, is presented. These two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus-based ligands, defined by the presence of an inverted cationic coordinating structure (C+ ∼P: vs. P+ ∼C:) have the common purpose of positioning a positive charge in the vicinity of the metal center. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and general reactivity of both cationic species is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the positive charge on the respective chemical behavior of the two classes of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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10
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Zhu C, Gras E, Duhayon C, Lacassin F, Cui X, Chauvin R. The Forgotten Nitroaromatic Phosphines as Weakly Donating P-ligands: AnN-Aryl-benzimidazolyl Series in RhCl(CO) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2845-2856. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Zhu
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, ICT-FR 2599 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Emmanuel Gras
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, ICT-FR 2599 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, ICT-FR 2599 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Francis Lacassin
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, ICT-FR 2599 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences; Huaqiao University; Xiamen 361021 P.R. China
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, ICT-FR 2599 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences; Huaqiao University; Xiamen 361021 P.R. China
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11
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González-Fernández E, Nicholls LDM, Schaaf LD, Farès C, Lehmann CW, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of [6]Carbohelicenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1428-1431. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa González-Fernández
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leo D. M. Nicholls
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas D. Schaaf
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian W. Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Benaissa I, Taakili R, Lugan N, Canac Y. A convenient access to N-phosphonio-substituted NHC metal complexes [M = Ag(i), Rh(i), Pd(ii)]. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12293-12305. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NHC Pd(ii) complexes featuring a propyl bridge were ionized by the introduction of a phosphonium moiety, which may coordinate to the metal center or remain pendant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idir Benaissa
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
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13
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Canac Y, Lepetit C. Classification of the Electronic Properties of Chelating Ligands in cis-[LL′Rh(CO)2] Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:667-675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie
de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie
de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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14
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Mboyi CD, Maaliki C, Mankou Makaya A, Canac Y, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. Phosphenium Versus Pro-Phosphide Character of P-tert-butyl-dicyclopropeniophosphine: Zwitterionic Palladate Complexes of a Dicationic Phosphido Ligand. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11018-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleve Dionel Mboyi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Maaliki
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Amelle Mankou Makaya
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Canac
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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15
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Abstract
In α-cationic phosphines, at least one of the three substituents on phosphorus corresponds to a cationic (normally, but not always heteroaromatic) group, which is attached without any spacer to the phosphorus atom by a relatively inert P-C bond. This unique architecture confers to the resulting ligand strong acceptor properties, which frequently surpass those of traditional acceptor ligands such as phosphites or polyfluorinated phosphines. In addition, the fine-tuning of the stereoelectronic properties of α-cationic phosphines is also possible by judicious selection of the number and nature of the cationic groups. The opportunities offered in catalysis by α-cationic ligands arise from this ability to deplete electron density from the metals they coordinate. Thus, if in a hypothetical catalytic cycle the step that determines the rate is facilitated by an increase of the Lewis acidity at the metal center, then an acceleration of the whole process is expected by their use as ancillary ligands. Interestingly, this situation is found more frequently than one might think; many common elementary steps involved in catalytic cycles, such as reductive eliminations, coordination of substrates to metals, or attack of nucleophiles to coordinated substrates, belong to this category and are often fostered by electron poor metal centers. In this regard, our group has observed remarkable ligand acceleration effects by the employment of α-cationic phosphines in Au(I)- and Pt(II)-promoted hydroarylation and cycloisomerization reactions. These results seem to be general in π-acid catalysis when the nucleophile used is not especially electron rich because then their attack to the activated alkene or alkyne is normally rate determining. On the other hand, the use of cationic phosphines also presents drawbacks that limit their range of application. As a general rule, the reduced σ-donation from the phosphine is not compensated by the increased π-back-donation from the metal making the resulting phosphorus-metal bond weaker, and the corresponding catalysts more prone to decomposition. This can be critical when di- or tricationic ancillary ligands are used. In addition, the positively charged groups occasionally participate in undesired side reactions, with either the metal or the substrate, which are not present when their neutral congeners are used. Stimulated by both the fundamental questions regarding bonding and their valuable applications in catalysis, the chemistry of α-cationic phosphines has experienced an enormous growth during the last years. This Account describes our group's efforts and those of others to understand their coordination behavior, study their reactivity, and further develop their range of applications in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Lepetit C, Maraval V, Canac Y, Chauvin R. On the nature of the dative bond: Coordination to metals and beyond. The carbon case. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Chang YC, Chang CH, Wang LW, Liang YH, Hu DF, Weng CM, Mao KC, Hong FE. Imidazolio-substituted secondary phosphine oxides as potential carbene reagents. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Karthik V, Gupta V, Anantharaman G. Synthesis, Structure, and Coordination Chemistry of Phosphine-Functionalized Imidazole/Imidazolium Salts and Cleavage of a C–P Bond in an NHC–Phosphenium Salt using a Pd(0) Precursor. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedhagiri Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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19
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Makaya AM, Canac Y, Bijani C, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. On the Theme of Amidiniophosphines: Synthesis and Reactivity of Benzo-, Diimidazolo-Tris-Annelated P-Aminodiazaphosphepines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.1002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelle Mankou Makaya
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse—UPS, INP—LCC; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Canac
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse—UPS, INP—LCC; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse—UPS, INP—LCC; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse—UPS, INP—LCC; F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse—UPS, INP—LCC; F-31077 Toulouse, France
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20
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Heterocyclic Phosphines with P-C-X Fragments (X=O, N, P). ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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21
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Abstract
In coordination chemistry, typical ancillary ligands are anionic or neutral species. Cationic ones are exceptions and, when used, the positively charged groups are normally attached to the periphery and not close to the donating atom. However, this concept article highlights a series of recent experimental, as well as theoretical results, suggesting that the utility in catalysis of cationic phosphines with no spacer between the phosphorus atom and the positively charged group(s) has been largely overlooked. In fact, a growing number of studies indicate that, because of their specific architecture, these cationic ligands depict excellent π-acceptor character that can exceed that of phosphites or polyfluorinated phosphines. This property has been used to increase the Lewis acidity of the metals they coordinate. Specifically, new extreme π-acid catalysts, mainly based on Pt(II) and Au(I) , have been recently prepared and their superior performance demonstrated along several mechanistically distinct transformations. In this concept article the current state of the art is critically assessed and possible future directions of the topic discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alcarazo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 41470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany).
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22
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Canac Y, Bijani C, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. Electrostatic Control of Pd2+ → Ag+ Transmetalation of a Bis-Imidazoliophosphine Ligand. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP,
LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP,
LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP,
LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP,
LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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23
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Mboyi CD, Abdellah I, Duhayon C, Canac Y, Chauvin R. Versatile Pd-Catalyzed CH Oxidative Cyclization of Homoallylhydrazones to Pyrazolines and Tetrahydropyridazines. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Gaillard S, Renaud JL. When phosphorus and NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) meet each other. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7255-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Maaliki C, Canac Y, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. P-oxidation of gem-dicationic phosphines. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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26
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Kozma Á, Petuškova J, Lehmann CW, Alcarazo M. Synthesis, structure and reactivity of cyclopropenyl-1-ylidene stabilized S(ii), Se(ii) and Te(ii) mono- and dications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4145-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Barthes C, Lepetit C, Canac Y, Duhayon C, Zargarian D, Chauvin R. P(CH)P Pincer Rhodium(I) Complexes: The Key Role of Electron-Poor Imidazoliophosphine Extremities. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:48-58. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3006508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barthes
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Canac
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Davit Zargarian
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal,
Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse,
France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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28
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Maaliki C, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Canac Y, Chauvin R. Carbene-Stabilized Phosphenium Oxides and Sulfides. Chemistry 2012; 18:16153-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Carreras J, Patil M, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. Exploiting the π-Acceptor Properties of Carbene-Stabilized Phosphorus Centered Trications [L3P] 3+: Applications in Pt(II) Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16753-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306947m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carreras
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mahendra Patil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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30
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Vabre B, Canac Y, Duhayon C, Chauvin R, Zargarian D. Nickel(II) complexes of the new pincer-type unsymmetrical ligands PIMCOP, PIMIOCOP, and NHCCOP: versatile binding motifs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10446-8. [PMID: 22990128 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chelation/nickellation of an unsymmetrical meta-phenylene-based ligand featuring phosphinite and imidazolophosphine functionalities gives the corresponding pincer complex. N-Methylation of the latter generates a new complex featuring the ternary moiety NHC→Ph(2)P(+)→Ni, which can be converted subsequently into the binary moiety NHC→Ni by extrusion of Ph(2)P(+), thus allowing a sequential synthesis of pincer complexes displaying varying degrees of dipolar character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Vabre
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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