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Fadler RE, Flood AH. Rigidity and Flexibility in Rotaxanes and Their Relatives; On Being Stubborn and Easy-Going. Front Chem 2022; 10:856173. [PMID: 35464214 PMCID: PMC9022846 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.856173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaxanes are an emerging class of molecules composed of two building blocks: macrocycles and threads. Rotaxanes, and their pseudorotaxane and polyrotaxane relatives, serve as prototypes for molecular-level switches and machines and as components in materials like elastic polymers and 3D printing inks. The rigidity and flexibility of these molecules is a characteristic feature of their design. However, the mechanical properties of the assembled rotaxane and its components are rarely examined directly, and the translation of these properties from molecules to bulk materials is understudied. In this Review, we consider the mechanical properties of rotaxanes by making use of concepts borrowed from physical organic chemistry. Rigid molecules have fewer accessible conformations with higher energy barriers while flexible molecules have more accessible conformations and lower energy barriers. The macrocycles and threads become rigidified when threaded together as rotaxanes in which the formation of intermolecular interactions and increased steric contacts collectively reduce the conformational space and raise barriers. Conversely, rotational and translational isomerism in rotaxanes adds novel modes of flexibility. We find that rigidification in rotaxanes is almost universal, but novel degrees of flexibility can be introduced. Both have roles to play in the function of rotaxanes.
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2
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Zhao T, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. Tetradentate halogen bonding macrocyclic anion receptor inspired by the "Texas-sized" molecular box. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:980-983. [PMID: 35043138 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the tetracationic "Texas-sized" molecular box, a neutral analogue containing four iodotriazole halogen bond-promoting subunits ("Ibox") was synthesized. This new macrocycle was prepared by means of azide-alkyne click chemistry. It was found to recognize Cl-, Br- and I- anions (as their tetrabutylammonium salts) in CDCl3. 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations revealed a higher affinity for the heavier halide anions and provided support for a preferred 1 : 2 binding stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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3
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Hu Y, Long S, Fu H, She Y, Xu Z, Yoon J. Revisiting imidazolium receptors for the recognition of anions: highlighted research during 2010-2019. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:589-618. [PMID: 33174897 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium based receptors selectively recognize anions, and have received more and more attention. In 2006 and 2010, we reviewed the mechanism and progress of imidazolium salt recognition of anions, respectively. In the past ten years, new developments have emerged in this area, including some new imidazolium motifs and the identification of a wider variety of biological anions. In this review, we discuss the progress of imidazolium receptors for the recognition of anions in the period of 2010-2019 and highlight the trends in this area. We first classify receptors based on motifs, including some newly emerging receptors, as well as new advances in existing receptor types at this stage. Then we discuss separately according to the types of anions, including ATP, GTP, DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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4
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Pederson AM, Price TL, Schoonover DV, Slebodnick C, Gibson HW. “Reverse” pyridyl cryptands as hosts for viologens. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Wu RT, Chi X, Hirao T, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. Supramolecular Properties of a Monocarboxylic Acid-Functionalized "Texas-Sized" Molecular Box. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6823-6831. [PMID: 29757640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new carboxylic acid-functionalized "Texas-sized" molecular box TxSB-CO2H has been prepared by combining two separate building blocks via an iodide-catalyzed macrocyclization reaction. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a paired "clip-like" dimer in the solid state. Concentration-dependent behavior is seen for samples of TxSB-CO2H as prepared, as inferred from 1H NMR spectroscopic studies carried out in DMSO- d6. However, in the presence of excess acid (1% by weight of deuterated trifluoracetic acid; TFA- d1), little evidence of aggregation is seen in DMSO- d6 except at the highest accessible concentrations. In contrast, the conjugate base form, TxSB-CO2-, produced in situ via the addition of excess triethylamine to DMSO- d6 solutions of TxSB-CO2H acts as a self-complementary monomer that undergoes self-assembly to stabilize a formal oligomer ([TxSB-CO2-] n) with a degree of polymerization of approximately 5-6 at a concentration of 70 mM. Evidence in support of the proposed oligomerization of TxSB-CO2- in solution and in the solid state came from one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of solution-based analyses carried out in DMSO and DMSO- d6 provide support for the notion that the self-assembled constructs produced from TxSB-CO2- are responsive to environmental stimuli, including exposure to the acetate anion (as its tetrabutylammonium, TBA+, salt), and changes in overall concentration, temperature, and protonation state. The resulting transformations are thought to reflect the reversible nature of the underlying noncovalent interactions. They also permit the stepwise interconversion between TxSB-CO2H and [TxSB-CO2-] n via the sequential addition of triethylamine and TFA- d1. The present work thus serves to illustrate how appropriately functionalized molecular box-type macrocycles may be used to develop versatile stimuli-responsive materials. It also highlights how aggregated forms seen in the solid state are not necessarily retained under competitive solution-phase conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Tsung Wu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States.,Institute for Supramolecular and Catalytic Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
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6
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Yang YD, Sessler JL, Gong HY. Flexible imidazolium macrocycles: building blocks for anion-induced self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9684-9696. [PMID: 28766599 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04661h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This feature article summarises recent contributions of the authors in the area of anion-induced supramolecular self-assembly. It is based on the chemistry of a set of tetracationic imidazolium macrocycles, specifically the so-called 'Texas-sized' molecular box, cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene) (14+), and its congeners, cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,2-dimethylenebenzene) (24+), cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,3-dimethylenebenzene) (34+), and cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](2,6-dimethylenepyridine) (44+). These systems collectively have been demonstrated as being versatile building blocks that interact with organic carboxylate or sulfonate anions, as well as substrates (e.g., neutral molecules or metal cations). Most work to date has been carried out with 14+, a system that has been found to support the construction of a number of stimuli responsive self-assembled ensembles. This macrocycle and others of the 'Texas-sized' box family also show the potential to react as carbene precursors and to undergo post-synthetic modification (PSM) to produce new functional macrocycles, such as trans- and cis-cyclo[2]((Z)-N-(2-((6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)vinyl)formamide)[2](1,4-bismethylbenzene) (52+ and 62+, respectively). On the basis of the work reviewed in this Feature article, we propose that the imidazolium macrocycles 14+-44+ can be considered as useful tools for the construction of ensembles with environmentally responsive features, including control over self-assembly and an ability to undergo precursor-specific PSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwaidajie 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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7
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Fatila EM, Pink M, Twum EB, Karty JA, Flood AH. Phosphate-phosphate oligomerization drives higher order co-assemblies with stacks of cyanostar macrocycles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2863-2872. [PMID: 29780454 PMCID: PMC5941797 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of phosphate in biology and chemistry has long motivated investigation of its recognition. Despite this interest, phosphate's facile oligomerization is only now being examined following the discovery of complexes of anion-anion dimers of hydroxyanions. Here we address how oligomerization dictates phosphate's recognition properties when engaged with planar cyanostar macrocycles that can also oligomerize by stacking. The crystal structure of cyanostar with phosphate shows an unprecedented tetrameric stack of cyanostar macrocycles threaded by a phosphate trimer, [H2PO4···H2PO4···H2PO4]3-. The solution behaviour, studied as a function of solvent quality, highlights how dimers and trimers of phosphate drive formation of higher order stacks of cyanostar into dimer, trimer and tetramer co-assemblies. Solution behaviors differ significantly from simpler complexes of bisulfate hydroxyanion dimers. Phosphate oligomerization is: (1) preferred over ion pairing with tetrabutylammonium cations, (2) inhibits disassembly of the complexes upon dilution, and (3) resists interference from competitive anion solvation. The phosphate oligomers also appear critical for stability; complexation of just one phosphate with cyanostars is unfavored. The cyanostar's ability to self-assemble is found to create a tubular, highly electropositive cavity that complements the size and shape of the phosphate oligomers as well as their higher charge. When given the opportunity, phosphate will cooperate with the receptor to form co-assembled architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Fatila
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Eric B Twum
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
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8
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Jones JW, Price TL, Huang F, Zakharov L, Rheingold AL, Slebodnick C, Gibson HW. Pseudocryptand Hosts for Paraquats and Diquats. J Org Chem 2018; 83:823-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Terry L. Price
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Lev Zakharov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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9
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Lee D, Lee C, Jun EJ, Lee M, Park S, Yoon J. Selective Recognition of Fluoride by using a Benzobisimidazolium Derivative through Aggregation-Induced Fluorescence. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:476-479. [PMID: 28794938 PMCID: PMC5542744 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new benzobisimidazolium derivative (1) bearing four naphthalene moieties was synthesized and demonstrated as an F- ion-selective fluorescent chemosensor. The fluorescence of 1 in acetonitrile (CH3CN) is significantly stronger with F- and acetate (CH3CO2-), but not with other anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, HSO4-, and H2PO4-). The fluorescence of 1 is enhanced selectively with F- in the presence of a small amount of water. Our DFT calculations indicate that the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged benzobisimidazolium moieties and F- play an important role in the formation of stable aggregates. The formation of stable aggregates of 1 with F- in CH3CN is a key step for the selective sensing of F-, and the fluorescence of the aggregates is further enhanced in a mixture of 95 % CH3CN and 5 % water, which can be attributed to the aggregation-induced emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Korea
| | - Chiho Lee
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
| | - Eun Jin Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Korea
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10
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Fatila EM, Twum EB, Karty JA, Flood AH. Ion Pairing and Co‐facial Stacking Drive High‐Fidelity Bisulfate Assembly with Cyanostar Macrocyclic Hosts. Chemistry 2017; 23:10652-10662. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Fatila
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Eric B. Twum
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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11
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Morshedi M, Thomas M, Tarzia A, Doonan CJ, White NG. Supramolecular anion recognition in water: synthesis of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular frameworks. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3019-3025. [PMID: 28451369 PMCID: PMC5380882 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tetratopic amidinium-containing receptors with terephthalate anions leads to porous framework materials assembled through charge-assisted hydrogen bonds. The frameworks form in good yield within minutes in water at room temperature, but no framework material is obtained if other anions (Cl-, Br-, NO3-, SO42- or isophthalate2-) are used in place of terephthalate. Two forms of the framework can be prepared: one with a connected pore network, and a more dense phase with discrete voids. We demonstrate that these are the kinetic and thermodynamic products, respectively. Either framework can be prepared independently and can be converted to the other form in response to stimuli. Furthermore, the frameworks can be controllably disassembled and reassembled in response to acid/base triggers suggesting that this new class of materials may have applications in the selective encapsulation and release of guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbod Morshedi
- Research School of Chemistry , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia . ; http://www.nwhitegroup.com
| | - Michael Thomas
- Research School of Chemistry , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia . ; http://www.nwhitegroup.com
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Christian J Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Nicholas G White
- Research School of Chemistry , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia . ; http://www.nwhitegroup.com
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12
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Shen MJ, Liang TL, Song YQ, Xu LJ, Hao X, Gong HY. Substrate-induced adjustment of “slipped” π– π stacking: en route to obtain 1D sandwich chain and higher order self-assembly supramolecular structures in solid state. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2016.1161196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Ling Liang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qiang Song
- Department of Information Engineering, Qingdao Harbour Vacational & Technical College, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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13
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14
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Kumar R, Sandhu S, Singh P, Kumar S. Imidazolium Based Probes for Recognition of Biologically and Medically Relevant Anions. CHEM REC 2016; 17:441-471. [PMID: 27740733 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The imidazolium derivatives due to their positive charge possess one of the most polarized and positively charged proton at C2-H to form strong ionic hydrogen bond (also termed as double ionic hydrogen bond) with anions and also provide opportunities for anion - π interactions with electron-deficient imidazolium ring. In the present review article, imidazolium based molecular probes for their ability to recognize inorganic anions like halides, cyanide, perchlorate, carboxylic acids, phosphate, sulfate etc. and their derived molecules viz. nucleotides, DNA, RNA, surfactants, proteins, etc have been discussed. The review covers the literature published after year 2009 and has > 130 references. The previous literature has already been discussed by Yoon et al. in two review articles published in Chem. Soc. Rev. 2006 and 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for advanced studies -II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Sana Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for advanced studies -II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for advanced studies -II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for advanced studies -II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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15
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Frasconi M, Fernando IR, Wu Y, Liu Z, Liu WG, Dyar SM, Barin G, Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Redox Control of the Binding Modes of an Organic Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11057-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Frasconi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Isurika R. Fernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gokhan Barin
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- NanoCentury
KAIST Institute and Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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16
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Li L, Chen H, Qiao YZ, Niu YY. The subtle effect of methyl substituent in C2-symmetric template on the formation of halocluster hybrids. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Kumar S, Singh P, Mahajan A, Kumar S. Aggregation Induced Emission Enhancement in Ionic Self-Assembled Aggregates of Benzimidazolium Based Cyclophane and Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Org Lett 2013; 15:3400-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401452t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India, and Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Prabhpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India, and Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India, and Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India, and Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
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18
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Gong HY, Rambo BM, Lynch VM, Keller KM, Sessler JL. “Texas-Sized” Molecular Boxes: Building Blocks for the Construction of Anion-Induced Supramolecular Species via Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6330-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja401893w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yuan Gong
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 2.204, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas
78712-1224, United States
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 2.204, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas
78712-1224, United States
- Akermin Inc., 1005 North Warson Road,
Suite 101, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United
States
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 2.204, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas
78712-1224, United States
| | - Karin M. Keller
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 2.204, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas
78712-1224, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 2.204, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas
78712-1224, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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19
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Zhang D, Jiang X, Yang H, Su Z, Gao E, Martinez A, Gao G. Novel benzimidazolium–urea-based macrocyclic fluorescent sensors: synthesis, ratiometric sensing of H2PO4− and improvement of the anion binding performance via a synergistic binding strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6149-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rambo BM, Gong HY, Oh M, Sessler JL. The "Texas-sized" molecular box: a versatile building block for the construction of anion-directed mechanically interlocked structures. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1390-401. [PMID: 22676474 DOI: 10.1021/ar300076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, researchers have focused on the synthesis and development of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). The intramolecular motion of mechanical bonds and the ability to induce this effect with the choice of the proper external stimuli has prompted the development of macromolecular systems that possess the ability to "perform work" at the molecular level. Currently, researchers are working to incorporate interlocked species into complex structural systems, such as molecular frameworks and nanoparticles, and to create ever more elegant noncovalent architectures. This effort provides an incentive to generate new building blocks for the construction of MIMs. In this Account, we describe progress in the development of a new cationic building block inspired by the "blue box" of Stoddart and collaborators. The blue box (cylcobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) or CBPQT(4+)) is a tetracationic, electron-deficient macrocycle widely recognized for its role in the construction of MIMs. This venerable receptor displays a high affinity for a variety of π-donor guests, and researchers have used them to construct a wide range of molecular and supramolecular structures, including rotaxanes, catenanes, pseudorotaxanes, polypseudorotaxanes, pseudo[n]polyrotaxanes, and electrochemically switchable molecules. To date, several synthetic analogues of the basic CBPQT(4+) structure have been reported, including systems containing biphenylene linkers and chiral tetracationic cyclophanes. However, researchers have not yet fully generalized the promise of the blue box. In this Account, we chronicle the development of a larger, more flexible tetracationic macrocycle, referred to as the "Texas-sized" molecular box. To highlight its relatively increased size and to distinguish it from CBPQT(4+), we have chosen to color this new receptor burnt orange. The Texas-sized box (cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene), 1(4+)·4PF(6)(-)) acts as a dynamic molecular receptor that displays an ability to adjust its shape and conformation to accommodate anionic guests of different size and charge within its central core. The use of different guests can favor different binding modes and promote the formation of different macromolecular aggregates. Furthermore, the proper selection of the guest allows for the "turning on" or "turning off" of molecular threading and can be used to produce new kinds of threaded species. This dynamic behavior is a special feature of the Texas-sized molecular box, as is its ability to stabilize a range of polypseudorotaxanes, rotaxane-containing metal-organic frameworks (MORFs), and rotaxane-based supramolecular organic frameworks (RSOFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
- Akermin Inc., 4633 World Parkway Circle, St. Louis, Missouri 63134, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Moonhyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Gong HY, Rambo BM, Nelson CA, Lynch VM, Zhu X, Sessler JL. Rare-earth cation effects on three-dimensional metal–organic rotaxane framework (MORF) self assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10186-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Spence GT, White NG, Beer PD. Investigating the effect of macrocycle size in anion templated imidazolium-based interpenetrated and interlocked assemblies. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7282-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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