1
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Kimura Y, Matsumura K, Ono K, Tsuchido Y, Kawai H. Recognition of Amino Acid Salts by Temperature-Dependent Allosteric Binding with Stereodynamic Urea Receptors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400154. [PMID: 38488291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Positive homotropic artificial allosteric systems are important for the regulation of cooperativity, selectivity and nonlinear amplification. Stereodynamic homotropic allosteric receptors can transmit and amplify induced chirality by the first ligand binding to axial chirality between two chromophores. We herein report stereodynamic allosteric urea receptors consisting of a rotational shaft as the axial chirality unit, terphenyl units as structural transmission sites and four urea units as binding sites. NMR titration experiments revealed that the receptor can bind two carboxylate guests in a positive homotropic allosteric manner attributed to the inactivation by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding between urea units within the receptor. In addition, the VT-CD spectra observed upon binding of the urea receptor with l- or D-amino acid salts in MeCN showed interesting temperature-dependent Cotton effects, based on the differences of the receptor shaft unit and the guest structure. The successful discrimination of hydrocarbon-based side chains of amino acid salts indicated that the input of chiral and steric information for the guest was amplified as outputs of the Cotton effect and the temperature-dependence of VT-CD spectra through cooperativity of positive allosteric binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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2
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Formen JSSK, Howard JR, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing: Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400767. [PMID: 38421186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition, and concentration of chiral compounds are frequently encountered tasks across the chemical and health sciences. Chiroptical sensing methods can streamline this work and allow high-throughput screening with remarkable reduction of operational time and cost. During the last few years, significant methodological advances with innovative chirality sensing systems, the use of computer-generated calibration curves, machine learning assistance, and chemometric data processing, to name a few, have emerged and are now matched with commercially available multi-well plate CD readers. These developments have reframed the chirality sensing space and provide new opportunities that are of interest to a large group of chemists. This review will discuss chirality sensing strategies and applications with representative small-molecule CD sensors. Emphasis will be given to important milestones and recent advances that accelerate chiral compound analysis by outperforming traditional methods, conquer new directions, and pioneering efforts that lie at the forefront of chiroptical high-throughput screening developments. The goal is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the current state and a perspective of future directions of this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Howard
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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3
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Msellem P, Dekthiarenko M, Hadj Seyd N, Vives G. Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:504-539. [PMID: 38440175 PMCID: PMC10910529 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchable molecular tweezers are a unique class of molecular switches that, like their macroscopic analogs, exhibit mechanical motion between an open and closed conformation in response to stimuli. Such systems constitute an essential component of artificial molecular machines. This review will present selected examples of switchable molecular tweezers and their potential applications. The first part will be devoted to chemically responsive tweezers, including stimuli such as pH, metal coordination, and anion binding. Then, redox-active and photochemical tweezers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Msellem
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maksym Dekthiarenko
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Hadj Seyd
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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4
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Edo-Osagie A, Serillon D, Ruani F, Barril X, Gourlaouen C, Armaroli N, Ventura B, Jacquot de Rouville HP, Heitz V. Multi-Responsive Eight-State Bis(acridinium-Zn(II) porphyrin) Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10691-10699. [PMID: 37154483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A multi-responsive receptor consisting of two (acridinium-Zn(II) porphyrin) conjugates has been designed. The binding constant between this receptor and a ditopic guest has been modulated (i) upon addition of nucleophiles converting acridinium moieties into the non-aromatic acridane derivatives and (ii) upon oxidation of the porphyrin units. A total of eight states has been probed for this receptor resulting from the cascade of the recognition and responsive events. Moreover, the acridinium/acridane conversion leads to a significant change of the photophysical properties, switching from electron to energy transfer processes. Interestingly, for the bis(acridinium-Zn(II) porphyrin) receptor, charge-transfer luminescence in the near-infrared has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Edo-Osagie
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dylan Serillon
- Departament de Farmacia i Tecnología Farmaceutica, i Fisicoquímica, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Ruani
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Xavier Barril
- Departament de Farmacia i Tecnología Farmaceutica, i Fisicoquímica, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Henri-Pierre Jacquot de Rouville
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Jozeliu̅naitė A, Neniškis A, Bertran A, Bowen AM, Di Valentin M, Raišys S, Baronas P, Kazlauskas K, Vilčiauskas L, Orentas E. Fullerene Complexation in a Hydrogen-Bonded Porphyrin Receptor via Induced-Fit: Cooperative Action of Tautomerization and C-H···π Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 145:455-464. [PMID: 36546690 PMCID: PMC9837862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular chiral hydrogen-bonded tetrameric aggregate possessing a large cavity and tetraarylporphyrin substituents was assembled using alternating 4H- and 2H-bonds between ureidopyrimidinone and isocytosine units, respectively. The aggregation mode was rationally shifted from social to narcissistic self-sorting by changing urea substituent size only. The H-bonded tetramer forms a strong complex with C60 guest, at the same time undergoing remarkable structural changes. Namely, the cavity adjusts to the guest via keto-to-enol tautomerization of the ureidopyrimidinone unit and as a result, porphyrin substituents move apart from each other in a scissor blade-like opening fashion. The rearrangement is accompanied by C-H···π interaction between the alkyl solubilizing groups and the nearby placed porphyrin π-systems. The latter interaction was found to be crucial for the guest complexation event, providing energetic compensation for otherwise costly tautomerization. We showed that only the systems possessing sufficiently long alkyl chains capable of interacting with a porphyrin ring are able to form a complex with C60. The structural rearrangement of the tetramer was quantitatively characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance pulsed dipolar spectroscopy measurements using photogenerated triplets of porphyrin and C60 as spin probes. Further exploring the C-H···π interaction as a decisive element for the C60 recognition, we investigated the guest-induced self-sorting phenomenon using scrambled tetramer assemblies composed of two types of monomers possessing alkyl chains of different lengths. The presence of the fullerene guest has enabled the selective scavenging of monomers capable of C-H···π interaction to form homo-tetrameric aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Algirdas Neniškis
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arnau Bertran
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- Department
of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute and The National EPR Research
Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy,Centro
Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Centro Studi di Economia e
Tecnica dell’energia Giorgio Levi Cases”, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Steponas Raišys
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Saulėtekio
av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Baronas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Saulėtekio
av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Kazlauskas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Saulėtekio
av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Vilčiauskas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania,Center
for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania,
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6
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Chandel D, Pal C, Saha B, Asif Ikbal S, Rath SP. Induction and rationalization of supramolecular chirality in a highly flexible Zn(II)porphyrin dimer: structural, spectroscopic and theoretical investigations. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14125-14137. [PMID: 36043507 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly flexible pyrrole-bridged Zn(II)porphyrin dimer has been successfully utilized as an efficient host which enables an accurate determination of the absolute configuration directly for a large number of chiral amino alcohols and 1,2-diols. The addition of substrates resulted in the formation of 1 : 1 sandwich complexes which, after the addition of excess substrates, produced 1 : 2 host-guest complexes. In principle, the 1 : 2 host-guest complexes can be stabilized in three possible conformations, viz. exo-exo, exo-endo, and endo-endo based on how a substrate binds to the metal. The endo-endo conformation is stabilized by two strong interligand H-bonds [O-H⋯O(H)] between encapsulated diols which thereby interlock the stereochemistry. In the absence of such interligand H-bonding interactions, exo-endo binding is preferred as it is indeed observed for amino alcohols which show weaker CD couplets due to the free movement of substrates. The sandwich complexes with amino alcohols show a more intense CD couplet compared to the diols due to the stronger binding of the amine functionality (-NH2) towards a Zn-atom over an alcoholic moiety (-OH). The CD amplitude showed linear dependence with a binding constant for the 1 : 1 sandwich complex upon varying the substrates. Spectroscopic investigations, single crystal X-ray structure determination of four such host-guest complexes and DFT studies have enabled us to rationalize systematically the origin of optical activity unambiguously in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 host-guest complexes, which lead to an absolute stereochemical determination of a large number of chiral substrates. The larger vertical and horizontal flexibility of a diethyl pyrrole spacer induces stronger binding of the substrates to form the 1 : 1 complex with a much larger torsional angle along with intense CD couplets. In contrast, a rigid dibenzothiophene-bridged tweezer, due to its limited horizontal and vertical flexibility, facilitates 1 : 2 complexation more as compared to the highly flexible pyrrole-bridged host which results in stronger binding of the substrate with the intense CD couplet for the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Chandel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Chandrani Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Bapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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7
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Saha B, Chandel D, Rath SP. Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions Trigger Induction of Chirality via Formation of a Cyclic Dimer. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2154-2166. [PMID: 35040641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A rationalization for the chirality transfer mechanism in the supramolecular host-guest assemblies of an achiral Zn(II) porphyrin dimer (host) and a series of chiral diamines and diamino esters (substrates) via cyclic dimer formation has been reported for the first time. Stepwise formations of 2:2 host-guest cyclic dimers and 1:2 host-guest monomeric complexes have been observed via intermolecular assembling and disassembling processes. A large bisignate CD couplet was observed for the cyclic dimer, whereas the monomeric complexes exhibited negligible CD intensity. Crystallographic characterizations demonstrate that the strong intermolecular H bonding in cyclic dimers is responsible for their stability over the linear chain, which thereby display high-intensity bisignate CD couplets. In order to minimize the steric crowding within the host-guest assembly, the cyclic dimer switches its helicity toward the conformer having less steric hindrance. The cyclic scaffold is oriented according to the pre-existing chirality of the substrate in both the solid and solution phases: the substrates having R chirality display a negative CD couplet, whereas the substrates with S chirality display a positive couplet. Opposite signs for the CD couplets between R and S substrates suggest that the stereographic projection at the chiral centers solely dictates the overall helicity of the cyclic dimer. DFT studies further support the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dolly Chandel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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8
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Hayashi S, Takanami T, Takeda S, Namba T, Noji M. Supramolecular Chirogenesis in Amide-Linked Bis(Zinc Porphyrin): Application for Absolute Configurational Assignment of Chiral Calboxylic Acids and Chiral Amino Acids. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Dhamija A, Mondal P, Saha B, Rath SP. Induction, control, and rationalization of supramolecular chirogenesis using metalloporphyrin tweezers: a structure-function correlation. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:10679-10700. [PMID: 32672295 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chirogenesis is one of the most rudimentary topics in the interdisciplinary sciences and essentially deals with various natural processes and innovative modern technologies. A comprehensive and rigorous understanding of such phenomenon is necessary to have a clear insight into the fundamental mechanisms and the various controlling factors, which would eventually lead to a range of practical applications of chiral supramolecular science. Metalloporphyrin tweezers have been extensively employed for such chirogenic processes due to their exciting physicochemical and tunable spectral properties, large stabilities, easily available synthetic protocols, and excellent abilities to form molecular assemblies. During the last few decades, various metalloporphyrin tweezers have been developed and considerably utilized by several research groups for assigning the absolute configuration to a variety of chiral diamines, conjugates of primary and secondary amines, amino alcohols, secondary alcohols, α-chiral carboxylic acids, etc. Our group has been at the forefront in trying to establish the structure-property correlation in this important area of interdisciplinary research. A brief account of our systematic investigation for understanding the underpinning mechanism of chirality induction and control at the molecular level over the last few years is presented in this Perspective article. The comprehensive understanding of such mechanistic details will be helpful in understanding various natural processes and designing modern technologies for various chirogenic functions in the fields of molecular sensors, nanotechnology, and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Dhamija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Bapan Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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Abstract
Porphyrin derivatives are ubiquitous in nature and have important biological roles, such as in light harvesting, oxygen transport, and catalysis. Owing to their intrinsic π-conjugated structure, porphyrin derivatives exhibit characteristic photophysical and electrochemical properties. In biological systems, porphyrin derivatives are associated with various protein molecules through noncovalent interactions. For example, hemoglobin, which is responsible for oxygen transport in most vertebrates, consists of four subunits of a globular protein with an iron porphyrin derivative prosthetic group. Furthermore, noncovalently arranged porphyrin derivatives are the fundamental chromophores in light-harvesting systems for photosynthesis in plants and algae. These biologically important roles originate from the functional versatility of porphyrin derivatives. Specifically, porphyrins are excellent host compounds, forming coordination complexes with various metal ions that adds functionality to the porphyrin unit, such as redox activity and additional ligand binding at the central metal ion. In addition, porphyrins are useful building blocks for functional supramolecular assemblies because of their flat and symmetrical molecular architectures, and their excellent photophysical properties are typically utilized for the fabrication of bioactive functional materials. In this Account, we summarize our endeavors over the past decade to develop functional materials based on porphyrin derivatives using bioinspired approaches. In the first section, we discuss several synthetic receptors that act as artificial allosteric host systems and can be used for the selective detection of various chemicals, such as cyanide, chloride, and amino acids. In the second section, we introduce multiporphyrin arrays as mimics of natural light-harvesting complexes. The active control of energy transfer processes by additional guest binding and the fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices using porphyrin derivatives are also introduced. In the third section, we introduce several types of porphyrin-based supramolecular assemblies. Through noncovalent interactions such as metal-ligand interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction, porphyrin derivatives were constructed as supramolecular polymers with formation of fiber or toroidal assembly. In the last section, the application of porphyrin derivatives for biomedical nanodevice fabrication is introduced. Even though porphyrins were good candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, they have limitations for biomedical application owing to aggregation in aqueous media. We suggested ionic dendrimer porphyrins and they showed excellent photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Im Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Akine S. Control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules by ligand exchange. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4429-4444. [PMID: 33877165 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules that is driven by ligand exchange reactions at the metal centers. Recently, a vast number of metal-containing host molecules including metal-assisted self-assembled structures have been developed, and the structural transformation after construction of the host framework has now been of interest from the viewpoint of functional switching and tuning. Among the various kinds of chemical transformations, ligand exchange has a great advantage in the structural conversions of metal-containing hosts, because ligand exchange usually proceeds under mild conditions that do not affect the host framework. In this review, the structural transformations are classified into three types: (1) weak-link approach, (2) subcomponent substitution, and (3) post-metalation modification, according to the type of coordination motif. The control of their guest binding behavior by the structural transformations is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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12
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Application of a novel chromophoric reagent, 2,2′-binaphthyl-3,3′-dicarbonyl cyanide, to the absolute configuration determination of chiral secondary alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Bächle F, Siemens N, Ziegler T. Glycoconjugated Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers for PDT – Overcoming Aggregation in Solution. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bächle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology University of Greifswald Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 8 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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14
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Pukhovskaya SG, Ivanova YB, Semeikin AS, Syrbu SA, Kruk NN. Investigation of Acidic and Coordination Properties of Octabromo-Substituted Porphyrins in the System of 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5,4,0]unde-7-ene-Acetonitrile. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Osawa K, Tagaya H, Kondo SI. Induced Circular Dichroism of Achiral Cyclic Bisurea via Hydrogen Bonds with Chiral Carboxylates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6623-6630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Osawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tagaya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata City, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
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16
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Mądry T, Czapik A, Kwit M. Optical Activity and Helicity Enhancement of Highly Sensitive Dinaphthylmethane-Based Stereodynamic Probes for Secondary Alcohols. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3244-3256. [PMID: 31459541 PMCID: PMC6648851 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality transfer from circular dichroism (CD)-silent secondary alcohol (inductor) to the stereodynamic bichromophoric di(1-naphthyl)methane probe (reporter) led to the generation of intense, induced exciton-type Cotton effects (CEs) in the ultraviolet-visible absorption region. The di(1-naphthyl)methane probe exhibits extraordinarily high sensitivity to even small structural variations of the alcohol skeleton, that is, the probe is able to distinguish between an oxygen atom and a methylene group in a 3-hydroxytetrahydrofurane skeleton. Signs and amplitudes of the exciton couplets of 1Bb electronic transition might be correlated with the type of stereo-differentiating parts of the molecule flanking the stereogenic center, however, not with the absolute configuration. The origin of the induced CEs was established by means of experimental and theoretical methods. As a result, a mechanism of chirality transfer from the permanent stereogenic center to the bichromophore is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mądry
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Umultowska
89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Umultowska
89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
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17
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Noji M, Takanami T, Hayashi S, Takeda S. Direct Determination of the Absolute Configurations of Chiral Cyanohydrins Using Bis(zinc porphyrin) as a CD-Sensitive Bidentate Host. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Takeda S, Hayashi S, Noji M, Takanami T. Chiroptical Protocol for the Absolute Configurational Assignment of Alkyl-Substituted Epoxides Using Bis(zinc porphyrin) as a CD-Sensitive Bidentate Host. J Org Chem 2018; 84:645-652. [PMID: 30547578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The absolute configurations of simple alkyl-substituted chiral epoxides not bearing other ligating groups are readily determined via the exciton-coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) protocol using bidentate bis(zinc porphyrin) host system BP1 as a CD-sensitive chirality probe. In this situation, chiral epoxides can successfully be incorporated into the cleft of V-shaped host BP1 by double coordination of both oxygen lone pairs of the guest to the two central zinc ions of the host. We also propose a working model based on an MM2 optimized structure of the substrates that enables nonempirical prediction of the chirality of the bound epoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Takeda
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio , Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio , Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Noji
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio , Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Takanami
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio , Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
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19
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Lee H, Hong KI, Jang WD. Design and applications of molecular probes containing porphyrin derivatives. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Figueira F, Rodrigues JM, Farinha AA, Cavaleiro JA, Tomé JP. Synthesis and anion binding properties of porphyrins and related compounds. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades the preparation of pyrrole-based receptors for anion recognition has attracted considerable attention. In this regard porphyrins, phthalocyanines and expanded porphyrins have been used as strong and selective receptors while the combination of those with different techniques and materials can boost their applicability in different applications as chemosensors and extracting systems. Improvements in the field, including the synthesis of this kind of compounds, can contribute to the development of efficient, cheap, and easy-to-prepare anion receptors. Extensive efforts have been made to improve the affinity and selectivity of these compounds and the continuous expansion of related research makes this chemistry even more promising. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in anion binding studies while outlining the strategies that may be used to synthesize and functionalize these type of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Figueira
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João M.M. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia A.S. Farinha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José A.S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P.C. Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, B-9000, Belgium
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21
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She N, Moncelet D, Gilberg L, Lu X, Sindelar V, Briken V, Isaacs L. Glycoluril-Derived Molecular Clips are Potent and Selective Receptors for Cationic Dyes in Water. Chemistry 2016; 22:15270-15279. [PMID: 27492252 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular clip 1 remains monomeric in water and engages in host-guest recognition processes with suitable guests. We report the Ka values for 32 1⋅guest complexes measured by 1 H NMR, UV/Vis, and fluorescence titrations. The cavity of 1 is shaped by aromatic surfaces of negative electrostatic potential and therefore displays high affinity and selectivity for planar and cationic aromatic guests that distinguishes it from CB[n] receptors that prefer aliphatic over aromatic guests. Electrostatic effects play a dominant role in the recognition process whereby ion-dipole interactions may occur between ammonium ions and the C=O groups of 1, between the SO3- groups of 1 and pendant cationic groups on the guest, and within the cavity of 1 by cation-π interactions. Host 1 displays a high affinity toward dicationic guests with large planar aromatic surfaces (e.g. naphthalene diimide NDI+ and perylene diimide PDI+) and cationic dyes derived from acridine (e.g. methylene blue and azure A). The critical importance of cation-π interactions was ascertained by a comparison of analogous neutral and cationic guests (e.g. methylene violet vs. methylene blue; quinoline vs. N-methylquinolinium; acridine vs. N-methylacridinium; neutral red vs. neutral red H+ ) the affinities of which differ by up to 380-fold. We demonstrate that the high affinity of 1 toward methylene blue (Ka =3.92×107 m-1 ; Kd =25 nm) allows for the selective sequestration and destaining of U87 cells stained with methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengfang She
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Damien Moncelet
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Laura Gilberg
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vladimir Sindelar
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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22
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Abstract
This review highlights and summarizes various optically active porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules prepared using a wide range of structural modification methods to improve the design of novel structures and their applications. The induced chirality of some illustrative achiral bis-porphyrins with a chiral guest molecule is introduced because these systems are ideal for the identification and separation of chiral biologically active substrates. In addition, the relationship between CD signal and the absolute configuration of the molecule is analyzed through an analysis of the results of molecular modeling calculations. Possible future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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23
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Lee H, Jeong YH, Kim JH, Kim I, Lee E, Jang WD. Supramolecular Coordination Polymer Formed from Artificial Light-Harvesting Dendrimer. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12394-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosoowi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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24
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Jo HH, Gao X, You L, Anslyn EV, Krische MJ. Application of a High-Throughput Enantiomeric Excess Optical Assay Involving a Dynamic Covalent Assembly: Parallel Asymmetric Allylation and Ee Sensing of Homoallylic Alcohols. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6747-6753. [PMID: 27014433 PMCID: PMC4800411 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel synthesis and high-throughput ee screening.
Asymmetric Ir-catalyzed C–C coupling of primary alcohols with allyl-acetates, as described by Krische, to form chiral secondary homo-allylic alcohols were performed in parallel as a means to optimize the ee values thereof. Specifically, approximately 400 examples of this reaction were performed by varying the catalyst, added acids and bases, and starting reactants, to form 4-phenyl-1-butene-4-ol (1). The ee values for the transformations were determined in a high-throughput fashion using a 4-component assembly that creates a circular dichroism signal indicative of the extent of asymmetric induction. Further, a parallel and rapid quantitative TLC method measures the yield of each reaction, revealing which reactions give reliable ee values in the CD-based assay. Overall, the nearly 200 reactions whose ee values were determined could be quantitated in under two hours. Using a combination of the TLC method to measure yield with the CD-assay to measure ee values, several trends in reaction conditions were revealed. For example, it was found that the cyclometalated iridium catalyst modified by BINAP and m-nitro-p-cyano-benzoic acid delivered adduct 1 with the highest levels of enantiomeric enrichment (94%), whereas the corresponding SEGPHOS-modified catalyst gave a comparable yield but lower ee (91%). Most importantly, this study shows that supramolecular assemblies can report hundreds of ee values in a rapid and reliable fashion to analyze parallel synthesis routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Jo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - X Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - L You
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - E V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - M J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
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25
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Ikbal SA, Brahma S, Rath SP. Transfer and control of molecular chirality in the 1 : 2 host-guest supramolecular complex consisting of Mg(II)bisporphyrin and chiral diols: the effect of H-bonding on the rationalization of chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:14037-40. [PMID: 25271122 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A clear rationalization of the origin of chirality transfer from an optically active diol guest to an achiral Mg(ii)bisporphyrin host in a series of 1 : 2 host-guest supramolecular complexes has been reported here that has so far remained the most outstanding issue for the chirogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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26
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Schouwey C, Papmeyer M, Scopelliti R, Severin K. A heterometallic macrocycle as a redox-controlled molecular hinge. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2252-8. [PMID: 25521255 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modify the structure of nanoscopic assemblies in a controlled fashion is an important prerequisite for the creation of functional supramolecular systems. Here, we describe a heterometallic Pt2Cu2-macrocycle which behaves as a molecular hinge. A square-planar Pt(ii) complex with pendent 2-formylpyridine groups was synthesized and structurally characterized. Condensation of the complex with benzylamine followed by reaction with Cu(MeCN)4BF4 resulted in the formation of a rectangular Pt2Cu2-macrocycle. Upon chemical oxidation of the Cu centers, the macrocycle folds up to adopt a butterfly-like geometry in which the Pt centers approach each other. This process can be reversed by chemical reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Schouwey
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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27
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Hayashi S, Yotsukura M, Noji M, Takanami T. Bis(zinc porphyrin) as a CD-sensitive bidentate host molecule: direct determination of absolute configuration of mono-alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11068-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and direct protocol to determine the absolute configurations of chiral mono-alcohols without analyte derivatization can now be realized using a novel circular dichroic (CD)-sensitive bis(zinc porphyrin) BP1 host system.
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28
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Ikbal SA, Brahma S, Rath SP. Step-wise induction, amplification and inversion of molecular chirality through the coordination of chiral diamines with Zn(II) bisporphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:895-8. [PMID: 25431811 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07955h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a clear and unambiguous rationalization of chirality induction, inversion and subsequent amplification process has been demonstrated for the 1 : 1 sandwich and 2 : 3 host-guest supramolecular complexes consisting of Zn(II) host and chiral diamines as guests that has so far remained the most outstanding issue for the chirogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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29
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Jo HH, Lin CY, Anslyn EV. Rapid optical methods for enantiomeric excess analysis: from enantioselective indicator displacement assays to exciton-coupled circular dichroism. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2212-21. [PMID: 24892802 DOI: 10.1021/ar500147x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The advent of high-throughput screening (HTS) for chiral catalysts has encouraged the development of fast methods for determining enantiomeric excess (ee). Traditionally, chromatographic methods such as chiral HPLC have been used for ee determination in HTS. These methods, however, are not optimal because of high duty cycle. Their long analysis time results in a bottleneck in the HTS process. A more ideal method for HTS that requires less analysis time such as chiroptical methods are thus of interest. In this Account, we summarize our efforts to develop host-guest systems for ee determination. The first part includes our enantioselective indicator displacement assays (eIDAs), and the second part focuses on our circular dichroism based host-guest systems. Our first eIDA utilizes chiral boronic acid receptors, along with prescreened indicators, to determine ee for chiral α-hydroxyacids and vicinal diols with ±7% average error (AE). To further the practicality for this system, a HTS protocol was developed. Our second eIDA uses diamino chiral ligands and Cu(II) as the receptor for the ee determination of α-amino acids. The system reported ±12% AE, and a HTS protocol was developed for this system. Our first CD based host-guest system uses metal complexes composed of Cu(I) or Pd(II) with enantiopure 2,2'-diphenylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) as host to determine the ee of chiral vicinal diamines (±4% AE), primary amines (±17% AE), and cyclohexanones (±7% AE). Primary amines and cyclohexanones were derivatized to form chiral imines or chiral hydrazones to allow coordination with the metal complex. Upon coordination of chiral analytes, the metal-to-ligand (BINAP) charge transfer band was modulated, thus allowing the discrimination of chiral analytes. As an effort to improve the accuracy for chiral primary amine ee determination, a system with a host composed of o-formylphenyl boronic acid (FPBA) and enantiopure 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) was used to reduce the AE to ±5.8%. In the presence of amines, the FPBA-BINOL host forms an imine-coordinated boronic ester, thus affecting the CD signal of the boron complex. Another chiral primary amine ee determination system was developed with Fe(II) and 3-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarbaldehyde. The chiral imines, formed by the pyridinecarbaldehyde and chiral amines, would coordinate to the Fe(II) ion yielding exciton-coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) active metal complexes. This system was able to determine the ee of chiral amines with ±5% AE. Furthermore, this imine-Fe(II) complex system also successfully determined the ee of α-chiral aldehydes with ±5% AE. Other ECCD based hosts were subsequently developed; one with bisquinolylpyridylamine and Cu(II) for chiral carboxylates and amino acids and another multicomponent system with pyridine chromophores for chiral secondary alcohol ee determination. Both of the systems were able to determine ee of the chiral analytes with ±3% AE. Overall, our group has developed ee determining host-guest systems that target various functionalities. To date, we are able to determine the ee of vicinal diols, α-hydroxyacids, vicinal diamines, cyclohexanones, amines, α-chiral aldehydes, carboxylates, amino acids, and secondary alcohols with ±7% or lower average error. Future development will involve improving the average error and employing the current systems to analyze real-life samples resulting from parallel syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwa Jo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chung-Yon Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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30
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Melomedov J, Ochsmann JR, Meister M, Laquai F, Heinze K. Aminoferrocene and Ferrocene Amino Acid as Electron Donors in Modular Porphyrin-Ferrocene and Porphyrin-Ferrocene-Porphyrin Conjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Ishihara S, Labuta J, Van Rossom W, Ishikawa D, Minami K, Hill JP, Ariga K. Porphyrin-based sensor nanoarchitectonics in diverse physical detection modes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9713-46. [PMID: 24562603 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and related families of molecules are important organic modules as has been reflected in the award of the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry in 1915, 1930, 1961, 1962, 1965, and 1988 for work on porphyrin-related biological functionalities. The porphyrin core can be synthetically modified by introduction of various functional groups and other elements, allowing creation of numerous types of porphyrin derivatives. This feature makes porphyrins extremely useful molecules especially in combination with their other interesting photonic, electronic and magnetic properties, which in turn is reflected in their diverse signal input-output functionalities based on interactions with other molecules and external stimuli. Therefore, porphyrins and related macrocycles play a preeminent role in sensing applications involving chromophores. In this review, we discuss recent developments in porphyrin-based sensing applications in conjunction with the new advanced concept of nanoarchitectonics, which creates functional nanostructures based on a profound understanding of mutual interactions between the individual nanostructures and their arbitrary arrangements. Following a brief explanation of the basics of porphyrin chemistry and physics, recent examples in the corresponding fields are discussed according to a classification based on physical modes of detection including optical detection (absorption/photoluminescence spectroscopy and energy and electron transfer processes), other spectral modes (circular dichroism, plasmon and nuclear magnetic resonance), electronic and electrochemical modes, and other sensing modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ishihara
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
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32
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Brahma S, Ikbal SA, Dhamija A, Rath SP. Highly Enhanced Bisignate Circular Dichroism of Ferrocene-Bridged Zn(II) Bisporphyrin Tweezer with Extended Chiral Substrates due to Well-Matched Host–Guest System. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2381-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanfaori Brahma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Avinash Dhamija
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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33
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Valderrey V, Aragay G, Ballester P. Porphyrin tweezer receptors: Binding studies, conformational properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Jeon HG, Kim MJ, Jeong KS. An indolocarbazole dimer as a new stereodynamic probe for chiral 1,2-diamines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5464-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00872c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An indolocarbazole dimer functions as a new stereodynamic probe determining the absolute configurations of chiral 1,2-diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Geun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
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35
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Wolf C, Bentley KW. Chirality sensing using stereodynamic probes with distinct electronic circular dichroism output. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5408-24. [PMID: 23482984 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques for the stereochemical analysis of chiral biopolymers and fine chemicals. It has become invaluable for the assignment of the absolute configuration, the study of conformational isomers, and the determination of racemization kinetics of CD active chiral compounds. Molecular interactions between a nonracemic chiral substrate and a chromophoric, CD-silent probe that is achiral or exists as a racemic mixture of rapidly interconverting enantiomeric conformations or configurations can induce a strong, characteristic chiroptical readout. A covalent or noncovalent binding event that coincides with a well-defined asymmetric induction process can effectively imprint the chiral information of the substrate on the stereodynamic sensor and thus generate intense Cotton effects in the UV region of the latter. The probe can thus function as a stereochemical reporter unit and analysis of the CD spectrum often provides accurate information about the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the substrate used. In this review, recent developments in circular dichroism analysis of chiral compounds with stereodynamic probes are described and particular emphasis is given to sensor design, chiral induction processes and applications scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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36
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Brahma S, Ikbal SA, Rath SP. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Series of Chiral Tweezer–Diamine Complexes Consisting of an Achiral Zinc(II) Bisporphyrin Host and Chiral Diamine Guest: Induction and Rationalization of Supramolecular Chirality. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:49-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanfaori Brahma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sk Asif Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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Kim MJ, Choi YR, Jeon HG, Kang P, Choi MG, Jeong KS. A helically twisted imine macrocycle that allows for determining the absolute configuration of α-amino carboxylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11412-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46754f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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