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Ansari AA, Labis JP, Khan A. Facile synthesized NaGdF 4 :Yb, Er peanut-shaped, highly biocompatible, colloidal upconversion nanospheres. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1048-1056. [PMID: 35411678 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A facile method was used for the synthesis of peanut-shaped very emissive NaGdF4 :Yb, Er upconversion nanospheres (UCNSs) at lower temperatures with uniform size distribution. Crystallographic structure, phase purity, morphology, thermal robustness, biocompatibility, colloidal stability, surface chemistry, optical properties, and luminesce properties were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential, Thermogravimetric/thermal differential analysis (TGA/DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV/visible and photoluminescence spectroscopic tools. XRD pattern verified the construction of a single-phase, highly-crystalline NaGdF4 phase with a hexagonal structure. Peanut-shaped morphology of the sample was obtained from SEM micrographs which were validated from high-resolution TEM images, have an equatorial diameter of 170-200 nm and a length of 220-230 nm, with irregular size, monodispersed, porous structure, and rough surface of the particles. The positive zeta potential value exhibited good biocompatibility along with high colloidal stability as observed from the absorption spectrum. The prepared UCNSs revealed high dispersibility, irregular size peanut-shaped morphology, rough surface, good colloidal stability, and excellent biocompatibility in aqueous media. A hexagonal phase NaGdF4 doped with Yb, and Er UCNSs revealed the characteristics of highly dominant emissions located at 520-525, 538-550, and 659-668 nm are corresponding to the 2 H11/2 →4 I15/2 , 4 S3/2 →4 I15/2 , and 4 F9/2 →4 I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions, respectively, as a result of energy transfer from sensitizer Yb3+ ion to emitter Er3+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees A Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joselito P Labis
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslam Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Luminescent lanthanide nanocomposites in thermometry: Chemistry of dopant ions and host matrices. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Ansari AA, Parchur AK, Thorat ND, Chen G. New advances in pre-clinical diagnostic imaging perspectives of functionalized upconversion nanoparticle-based nanomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Ansari AA, Thakur VK, Chen G. Functionalized upconversion nanoparticles: New strategy towards FRET-based luminescence bio-sensing. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Ansari AA, Nazeeruddin M, Tavakoli MM. Organic-inorganic upconversion nanoparticles hybrid in dye-sensitized solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Mundoor H, Wu JS, Wensink HH, Smalyukh II. Thermally reconfigurable monoclinic nematic colloidal fluids. Nature 2021; 590:268-274. [PMID: 33568825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental relationships are believed to exist between the symmetries of building blocks and the condensed matter phases that they form1. For example, constituent molecular and colloidal rods and disks impart their uniaxial symmetry onto nematic liquid crystals, such as those used in displays1,2. Low-symmetry organizations could form in mixtures of rods and disks3-5, but entropy tends to phase-separate them at the molecular and colloidal scales, whereas strong elasticity-mediated interactions drive the formation of chains and crystals in nematic colloids6-11. To have a structure with few or no symmetry operations apart from trivial ones has so far been demonstrated to be a property of solids alone1, but not of their fully fluid condensed matter counterparts, even though such symmetries have been considered theoretically12-15 and observed in magnetic colloids16. Here we show that dispersing highly anisotropic charged colloidal disks in a nematic host composed of molecular rods provides a platform for observing many low-symmetry phases. Depending on the temperature, concentration and surface charge of the disks, we find nematic, smectic and columnar organizations with symmetries ranging from uniaxial1,2 to orthorhombic17-21 and monoclinic12-15. With increasing temperature, we observe unusual transitions from less- to more-ordered states and re-entrant22 phases. Most importantly, we demonstrate the presence of reconfigurable monoclinic colloidal nematic order, as well as the possibility of thermal and magnetic control of low-symmetry self-assembly2,23,24. Our experimental findings are supported by theoretical modelling of the colloidal interactions between disks in the nematic host and may provide a route towards realizing many low-symmetry condensed matter phases in systems with building blocks of dissimilar shapes and sizes, as well as their technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haridas Mundoor
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jin-Sheng Wu
- Chemical Physics Program, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Henricus H Wensink
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Chemical Physics Program, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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7
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Wang Y, Lu W, Yue D, Wang M, Tian B, Li Q, Hu B, Wang Z, Zhang Y. A strategy to enhance the up-conversion luminescence of nanospherical, rod-like and tube-like NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ (Tm3+) by combining with carbon dots. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The luminescence enhanced strategy of combining the material with carbon dots to form CDs@NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ (Tm3+) composites is effective not only for the cubic- and hexagonal-phase materials but also for those with different morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials
- College of Material Engineering
- Henan University of Engineering
- Xinzheng 451191
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- University Research Facility in Materials Characterization and Device Fabrication
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Yue
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials
- College of Material Engineering
- Henan University of Engineering
- Xinzheng 451191
- P. R. China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Boshi Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001
- P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou 466001
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials
- College of Material Engineering
- Henan University of Engineering
- Xinzheng 451191
- P. R. China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Civil & Mechanical Engineering
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140
- New Zealand
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8
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Zhang X, Wang Y. Facile Fabrication of Upconversion Photoluminescent Transparent Semiaromatic Polyamide Nanocomposites Through Interfacial Chemistry Modification. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29838-29843. [PMID: 33251418 PMCID: PMC7689674 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transparent upconversion photoluminescent polyamide nanocomposites were fabricated via a facile in situ polycondensation method with interfacial chemistry modification employing polyacrylic acid-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP-PAA) as fillers and transparent semiaromatic polyamides (SAPA) as host materials. The as-prepared UCNP-PAA could be dispersed uniformly in the polyamide salt solution and the SAPA chains can be grafted to the UCNP-PAA through condensation reactions. The grafted SAPA ligand on the surface of UCNP increases the compatibility between SAPA and UCNP, thus causing uniform dispersion of the UCNP in the polyamide nanocomposites and improving the transmittance of the polyamide nanocomposites. The obtained polyamide nanocomposites are transparent and show strong green upconversion photoluminescence. This work solved the problem of the dispersity of incorporated nanoparticles and improving the transparency of nanocomposites and, more importantly, endowed the traditional engineering plastic with upconversion photoluminescent properties which can be applied in three-dimensional displays and the related solar cell field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Coking Coal Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- Shenma Industrial Co., Ltd, China Pingmei Shenma Energy
and Chemical Industry Group Co., LTD, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Coking Coal Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Coking Coal Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- Shenma Industrial Co., Ltd, China Pingmei Shenma Energy
and Chemical Industry Group Co., LTD, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Coking Coal Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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9
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A novel arginine bioprobe based on up-conversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:200-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Mundoor H, Senyuk B, Almansouri M, Park S, Fleury B, Smalyukh II. Electrostatically controlled surface boundary conditions in nematic liquid crystals and colloids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4257. [PMID: 31555742 PMCID: PMC6754225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Differing from isotropic fluids, liquid crystals exhibit highly anisotropic interactions with surfaces, which define boundary conditions for the alignment of constituent rod-like molecules at interfaces with colloidal inclusions and confining substrates. We show that surface alignment of the nematic molecules can be controlled by harnessing the competing aligning effects of surface functionalization and electric field arising from surface charging and bulk counterions. The control of ionic content in the bulk and at surfaces allows for tuning orientations of shape-anisotropic particles like platelets within an aligned nematic host and for changing the orientation of director relative to confining substrates. The ensuing anisotropic elastic and electrostatic interactions enable colloidal crystals with reconfigurable symmetries and orientations of inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haridas Mundoor
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bohdan Senyuk
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mahmoud Almansouri
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sungoh Park
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Blaise Fleury
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ivan I. Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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11
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Luminescent surface-functionalized mesoporous core-shell nanospheres and their cytotoxicity evaluation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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The Huy B, Gerelkhuu Z, Phan TL, Tran N, Lee YI. Rare-earth free sensitizer in NaLuCrF4:Er upconversion material. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Zhang W, Jia H, Ye H, Dai T, Yin X, He J, Chen R, Wang Y, Pang X. Facile Fabrication of Transparent and Upconversion Photoluminescent Nanofiber Mats with Tunable Optical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8220-8225. [PMID: 31458959 PMCID: PMC6644511 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile fabrication strategy of transparent and upconversion photoluminescent nylon 6 (PA6) nanofiber mats was developed based on PA6 nanofiber mats, carboxylic acid-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP-COOH), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) solution. UCNP-COOH were prepared by a solvothermal method, followed by the ligand exchange process. The electrospinning method and the spin-coating process were employed to combine PA6 nanofiber mats with UCNP-COOH and PMMA to introduce upconversion photoluminescent properties and transparency into the nanocomposite mats, respectively. The prepared UCNP-COOH/PA6/PMMA nanofiber mats are transparent and exhibit green emission, which are similar to UCNP-COOH when they were excited under 980 nm laser. The upconversion luminescent intensity of the functional nanofiber mats can be tailored by adjusting the weight fraction of UCNP-COOH as fillers. This facile strategy can be readily used to other types of intriguing nanocomposites for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haoming Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tianzhi Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiuzhe Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianhao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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14
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Sun L, Wei R, Feng J, Zhang H. Tailored lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and their promising bioapplication prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ansari AA, Aldalbahi A, Labis JP, El-Toni AM, Ahamed M, Manthrammel M. Highly biocompatible, monodispersed and mesoporous La(OH)3:Eu@mSiO2 core-shell nanospheres: Synthesis and luminescent properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Resch-Genger U, Gorris HH. Perspectives and challenges of photon-upconversion nanoparticles - Part I: routes to brighter particles and quantitative spectroscopic studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5855-5874. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Gao N, Ling B, Gao Z, Wang L, Chen H. Near-infrared-emitting NaYF4:Yb,Tm/Mn upconverting nanoparticle/gold nanorod electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer system for sensitive prostate-specific antigen detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2675-2683. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Chen C, Li C, Shi Z. Current Advances in Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanostructures for Detection and Bioapplication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600029. [PMID: 27840794 PMCID: PMC5096256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of science and technology, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanostructures as a new type of materials have taken their place in the field of nanomaterials. Upconversion luminescence is a nonlinear optical phenomenon, which absorbs two or more photons and emits one photon. Compared with traditional luminescence materials, upconversion nanostructures have many advantages, such as weak background interference, long lifetime, low excitation energy, and strong tissue penetration. These interesting nanostructures can be applied in anticounterfeit, solar cell, detection, bioimaging, therapy, and so on. This review is focused on the current advances in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanostructures, covering not only basic luminescence mechanism, synthesis, and modification methods but also the design and fabrication of upconversion nanostructures, like core-shell nanoparticles or nanocomposites. At last, this review emphasizes the application of upconversion nanostructure in detection and bioimaging and therapy. Learning more about the advances of upconversion nanostructures can help us better exploit their excellent performance and use them in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative ChemistryCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative ChemistryCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative ChemistryCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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19
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Recalde I, Estebanez N, Francés-Soriano L, Liras M, González-Béjar M, Pérez-Prieto J. Upconversion nanoparticles with a strong acid-resistant capping. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7588-7594. [PMID: 26983853 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water-dispersible upconversion nanoparticles (β-NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+), UCNP) coated with a thin shell of a biocompatible copolymer comprising 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonsulphonic acid (AMPS), which we will term COP, have been prepared by multidentate grafting. This capping is remarkably resistant to strong acidic conditions as low as pH 2. The additional functionality of the smart UCNP@COP nanosystem has been proved by its association to a well-known photosensitizer (namely, methylene blue, MB). The green-to-red emission ratio of the UC@COP@MB nanohybrid exhibits excellent linear dependence in the 7 to 2 pH range as a consequence of the release of the dye as the pH decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Recalde
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Nestor Estebanez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Laura Francés-Soriano
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Marta Liras
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Béjar
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
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20
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Jo EJ, Mun H, Kim MG. Homogeneous Immunosensor Based on Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Glycated Hemoglobin Detection Using Upconversion Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2742-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Jo
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyoung Mun
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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21
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Han GM, Jiang HX, Huo YF, Kong DM. Simple synthesis of amino acid-functionalized hydrophilic upconversion nanoparticles capped with both carboxyl and amino groups for bimodal imaging. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3351-3357. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid-functionalized hydrophilic upconversion nanoparticles capped with both carboxyl and amino groups were one-step synthesized for bimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Mei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Hong-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Yan-Fang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
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22
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Han GM, Li H, Huang XX, Kong DM. Simple synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for biosensing and bioimaging applications. Talanta 2016; 147:207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Xu M, Xu S, Yang Z, Shu M, He G, Huang D, Zhang L, Li L, Cui D, Zhang Y. Hydrophilic and blue fluorescent N-doped carbon dots from tartaric acid and various alkylol amines under microwave irradiation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15915-23. [PMID: 26364977 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The desired control of particle size, doping element composition, and surface structure of carbon dots (CDs) are vital for understanding the fluorescence mechanism and exploring their potential applications. Herein, nitrogen-doped CDs (N-doped CDs) have been synthesized with tartaric acid and various alkylol amines (monoethanolamine, biethanolamine and triethanolamine) under microwave irradiation. A systematic investigation was performed to characterize the N-doped CDs. It is found that with increasing nitrogen proportion, the fluorescent quantum yield and lifetime of N-doped CDs increases, whereas cell toxicity decreases. In other words, N-doped CDs synthesized by tartaric acid and monoethanolamine have the highest nitrogen content, the highest fluorescent quantum yield, the longest lifetime and the lowest cell toxicity. A corresponding mechanism has been proposed. Moreover, as-synthesized N-doped CDs have been applied for selectively detecting the Fe(3+) ion and writing letters as a fluorescent ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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24
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Zayakhuu G, Huy BT, Chung JW, Lee YI. Selective Detection of Hg2+Ion Using Upconversion Luminescent Nanoparticles. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerelkhuu Zayakhuu
- Anastro Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Changwon National University; Changwon 641-773 Korea
| | - Bui The Huy
- Anastro Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Changwon National University; Changwon 641-773 Korea
- Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application; VAST; Nhatrang Vietnam
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Anastro Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Changwon National University; Changwon 641-773 Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Anastro Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Changwon National University; Changwon 641-773 Korea
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25
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Zhou J, Liu Q, Feng W, Sun Y, Li F. Upconversion Luminescent Materials: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2014; 115:395-465. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1511] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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26
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Zhang X, Wang M, Ding J, Deng J, Ran C, Yang Z. The synthesis and mechanism exploration of europium-doped LiYF4 micro-octahedron phosphors with multilevel interiors. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5453-61. [PMID: 24522524 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-layered hollow LiYF4:Eu(3+) micro-octahedrons, with about 400 nm of single-layer thickness and 300 nm of interlayer space, have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route in the presence of surfactant ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The mechanisms of the morphology evolution of the LiYF4:Eu micro-octahedrons are investigated in detail. Time-dependent experiments indicate that the growth of the micro-octahedrons undergoes four different stages including the aggregation growth of the primary YF3 particle, the transformation of the substance from the orthorhombic-phase YF3 to the tetragonal-phase LiYF4 by the Kirkendall effect with the inward diffusion of quasi-steady state LiF species, adsorption and in situ crystallization, and local Ostwald ripening. The Ostwald ripening process is terminated by the organic adsorption of interlaminar leading to a hollow structure with multilevel interiors. The LiYF4:Eu micro-octahedrons are annealed under the designed temperatures, which leads to the collapse of octahedral structures indicating the role of EDTA on building the octahedron. The spectral measurements show that the calcination approach has a stronger effect on the luminescence tuning of the LiYF4:Eu micro-octahedrons due to the modification of the crystal phase, structure and size. The present study is of great importance in the preparation of rare-earth ion doped LiYF4 hollow materials as well as in applications as building blocks for functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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27
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Chen H, Guan Y, Wang S, Ji Y, Gong M, Wang L. Turn-on detection of a cancer marker based on near-infrared luminescence energy transfer from NaYF4:Yb,Tm/NaGdF4 core-shell upconverting nanoparticles to gold nanorods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13085-13091. [PMID: 25296290 DOI: 10.1021/la502753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A homogeneous immunoassay for the sensitive and selective determination of trace amounts of α-fetoprotein (AFP, a cancer marker) by detection in the near-infrared (NIR) region based on luminescence energy transfer (LET) from NaYF4:Yb,Tm/NaGdF4 core-shell upconverting nanoparticles to gold nanorods (GNRs) is presented. The carboxyl-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Tm/NaGdF4 core-shell upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were excited by a 980 nm continuous wavelength laser, and its emission peak appeared at a near-infrared wavelength (∼804 nm). The carboxyl-functionalized upconverting nanoparticles were conjugated with the anti-AFP (Ab1) and acted as donor. GNRs with a high absorption band around 790 nm, which was overlapped the UCNPs emission, were synthesized and acted as the acceptor. The donor (negatively charged) interacted with the acceptor (positively charged) via electrostatic interactions to bring them into close proximity. LET could occur, producing a quenching phenomenon. When the AFP antigens were added into the system, the binding affinity between AFP and Ab1 was stronger than the electrostatic interactions, which released the energy acceptors from the energy donors, interrupting luminescence energy transfer, and therefore, the luminescence was recovered. On the basis of the restored luminescence, a turn-on optical immunosening system was developed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of detection was from 0.18 to 11.44 ng/mL for AFP (R = 0.99), with a detection limit as low as 0.16 ng/mL. The proposed method has also been used to monitor AFP in human serum samples. Therefore, further study based on the NaYF4:Yb,Tm/NaGdF4 core-shell nanoparticles-GNRs construction may open the way for a new class of NIR-LET biosensors with wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
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28
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Lai J, Zhang Y, Pasquale N, Lee KB. An upconversion nanoparticle with orthogonal emissions using dual NIR excitations for controlled two-way photoswitching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14419-23. [PMID: 25349100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing multicolor upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with the capability of regulating their emission wavelengths in the UV to visible range in response to external stimuli can offer more dynamic platforms for applications in high-resolution bioimaging, multicolor barcoding, and driving multiple important photochemical reactions, such as photoswitching. Here, we have rationally designed single-crystal core-shell-structured UCNPs which are capable of orthogonal UV and visible emissions in response to two distinct NIR excitations at 808 and 980 nm. The orthogonal excitation-emission properties of such UCNPs, as well as their ability to utilize low-power excitation, which attenuates any local heating from the lasers, endows the UCNPs with great potential for applications in materials and biological settings. As a proof of concept, the use of this UCNP for the efficient regulation of the two-way photoswitching of spiropyran by using dual wavelengths of NIR irradiation has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA) http://kblee.rutgers.edu/
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29
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Lai J, Zhang Y, Pasquale N, Lee KB. An Upconversion Nanoparticle with Orthogonal Emissions Using Dual NIR Excitations for Controlled Two-Way Photoswitching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Yao C, Wang P, Zhou L, Wang R, Li X, Zhao D, Zhang F. Highly biocompatible zwitterionic phospholipids coated upconversion nanoparticles for efficient bioimaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9749-57. [PMID: 25075628 DOI: 10.1021/ac5023259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in various biomedical applications, including immunoassays, biomedical imaging, and molecular sensing, requires their surface derivatized to be hydrophilic and biocompatible. Here, a new family of compact zwitterionic ligand systems composed with functional phospholipids was designed and used for the surface modification of UCNPs. The zwitterionic UCNPs are hydrophilic, compact, and easily functionalized. It was proved that zwitterionic phospholipids could provide UCNPs with not only extended pH and salt stability but also little nonspecific interactions to positively and negatively charged proteins, low nonspecific adhesion in live-cell imaging process. Most notably, the efficient in vivo tumor imaging performance and long blood circulation half-life suggests the excellent biocompatibility for in vivo imaging of the zwitterionic UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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31
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Yue B, Chen YN, Chu HB, Qu YR, Wang AL, Zhao YL. Synthesis, crystal structures and fluorescence properties of dinuclear Tb(III) and Sm(III) complexes with 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine and halogenated benzoic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Yang Y. Upconversion nanophosphors for use in bioimaging, therapy, drug delivery and bioassays. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Qiu P, Zhou N, Chen H, Zhang C, Gao G, Cui D. Recent advances in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanomaterials: synthesis, nanostructures and surface modification. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11512-25. [PMID: 24121736 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique photo-physical properties, rare-earth ions-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. UCNPs have many special merits, such as a long luminescence lifetime, narrow emission band widths, high quantum yields and low toxicity, which allows their potential applications in bio-medical field, biological luminescent labels and drug delivery carriers. Compared with traditional fluorescence labels exited by UV (ultraviolet), such as organic dyes and quantum dots, UCNPs can transfer near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light, which is commonly called upconversion luminescence (UCL). This paper reviews the recent advances of several typical synthesis methods of UCNPs in detail as well as the fabrication and optimization of the particle morphology, and the latest advances of UCNPs for multimode imaging, surface passivation and functionalization are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Qiu
- Department of Bio-Nano-Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Ministry of Education, Bio-X Center, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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34
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Wen H, Zhu H, Chen X, Hung TF, Wang B, Zhu G, Yu SF, Wang F. Upconverting Near-Infrared Light through Energy Management in Core-Shell-Shell Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Wen H, Zhu H, Chen X, Hung TF, Wang B, Zhu G, Yu SF, Wang F. Upconverting Near-Infrared Light through Energy Management in Core-Shell-Shell Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13419-23. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Wang X, Chen JT, Zhu H, Chen X, Yan XP. One-Step Solvothermal Synthesis of Targetable Optomagnetic Upconversion Nanoparticles for in Vivo Bimodal Imaging. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10225-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401934p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University),
Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin),
and Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Tong Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haomiao Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University),
Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin),
and Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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37
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Gao D, Zhang X, Gao W. Formation of bundle-shaped β-NaYF4 upconversion microtubes via Ostwald ripening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9732-9739. [PMID: 24028652 DOI: 10.1021/am402843h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the uniform bundle-shaped microtubes composed of six half-pipes are synthesized for the first time in hydrothermal solutions via an intentional delayed phase transition pathway induced by Mn(2+) doping. The structural and kinetic factors that govern the phase and shape evolution of NaYF4 microcrystals have been carefully studied, and the influences of Mn(2+) to RE(3+) ratio, the amount of trisodium citrate, and the pH value in conjunction with the intrinsic character of RE(3+) ions on the phase and shape evolution are systematically discussed. It is found that the proper Mn(2+) to RE(3+) ratio is mainly responsible for delayed phase transition process and induces interior density gradient of solid aggregate for creating hollow bundle-shaped microtubes. While the amount of trisodium citrate and the pH value are the keys for the shape control of the NaYF4 microcrystals such as prismatic microtubes, prismatic short rods, thin plates, and particles. The up and downconversion emissions were obtained independent of whether α- or β-NaYF4:Er(3+)/Yb(3+) samples doped with Mn(2+), but the significant tuning of output color was only obtained in cube NaYF4 nanoparticles rather than in hexagonal microtubes via adjusting the amount of Mn(2+) ions. These spectral measurements and EDX analyses indicate that the distribution or concentration of Mn(2+) in hexagonal phase solid solution has changed, which supports Ostwald ripening growth mechanism and rules out agglomeration or oriented attachment growth mechanism. We designed crystal growth mode by simply addition of dopant may provide a versatile approach for fabricating a wide range of hollow nano/microcrystals and thus bring us a clearer understanding on the interaction between the dopant reagents and the nano/microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangli Gao
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
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38
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Liu Y, Tu D, Zhu H, Chen X. Lanthanide-doped luminescent nanoprobes: controlled synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and bioapplications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6924-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Yue Q, Wang M, Sun Z, Wang C, Wang C, Deng Y, Zhao D. A versatile ethanol-mediated polymerization of dopamine for efficient surface modification and the construction of functional core–shell nanostructures. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:6085-6093. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Su Q, Han S, Xie X, Zhu H, Chen H, Chen CK, Liu RS, Chen X, Wang F, Liu X. The effect of surface coating on energy migration-mediated upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20849-57. [PMID: 23210614 DOI: 10.1021/ja3111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles have been the focus of a growing body of investigation because of their promising applications ranging from data storage to biological imaging and drug delivery. Here we present the rational design, synthesis, and characterization of a new class of core-shell upconversion nanoparticles displaying unprecedented optical properties. Specifically, we show that the epitaxial growth of an optically inert NaYF(4) layer around a lanthanide-doped NaGdF(4)@NaGdF(4) core-shell nanoparticle effectively prevents surface quenching of excitation energy. At room temperature, the energy migrates over Gd sublattices and is adequately trapped by the activator ions embedded in host lattices. Importantly, the NaYF(4) shell-coating strategy gives access to tunable upconversion emissions from a variety of activators (Dy(3+), Sm(3+), Tb(3+), and Eu(3+)) doped at very low concentrations (down to 1 mol %). Our mechanistic investigations make possible, for the first time, the realization of efficient emissions from Tb(3+) and Eu(3+) activators that are doped homogeneously with Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) ions. The advances on these luminescent nanomaterials offer exciting opportunities for important biological and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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