1
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Zhou M, Feng Z, Zhang X. Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1434-1448. [PMID: 36651307 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The site-selective modification of amino acids, peptides, and proteins has always been an intensive topic in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology due to the vital role of amino acids in life. Among the developed methods, the site-selective introduction of fluorine functionalities into amino acids and peptides has emerged as a useful approach to change their physicochemical and biological properties. With the increasing demand for life science, the direct fluorination/fluoroalkylation of proteins has also received increasing attention because of the unique properties of fluorine atom(s) that can change the protein structure, increase their lipophilicity, and enable fluorine functionality as a biological tracer or probe for chemical biology studies. In this feature article, we summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides, wherein two strategies have been discussed. One is based on the fluorinated building blocks to prepare fluorinated amino acids and peptides with diversified structures, including the transformations of fluorinated imines and nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with bromodifluoroacetate and its derivatives; the other is direct fluorination/fluoroakylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, in which the selective transformations of the functional groups on serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and cysteine lead to a wide range of fluorinated α-amino acids, peptides, and proteins, featuring synthetic convenience and late-stage modification of biomacromolecules. These two strategies complement each other, wherein transition-metal catalysis and new fluoroalkylating reagents provide powerful tools to selectively access fluorinated amino acids, peptides, and proteins, showing the prospect of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xingang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Musolino SF, Mahbod M, Nazir R, Bi L, Graham HA, Milani AS, Wulff JE. Electronically optimized diazirine-based polymer crosslinkers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronically optimized bis-diazirine crosslinkers allow aliphatic polymers to be crosslinked with up to 10-fold improved efficacy, relative to earlier designs. Activation is achieved using modest temperatures or through UV or visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania F. Musolino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Mahshid Mahbod
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Rashid Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Liting Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Hamish A. Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Abbas S. Milani
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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3
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Musolino SF, Pei Z, Bi L, DiLabio GA, Wulff JE. Structure-function relationships in aryl diazirines reveal optimal design features to maximize C-H insertion. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12138-12148. [PMID: 34667579 PMCID: PMC8457397 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazirine reagents allow for the ready generation of carbenes upon photochemical, thermal, or electrical stimulation. Because carbenes formed in this way can undergo rapid insertion into any nearby C-H, O-H or N-H bond, molecules that encode diazirine functions have emerged as privileged tools in applications ranging from biological target identification and proteomics through to polymer crosslinking and adhesion. Here we use a combination of experimental and computational methods to complete the first comprehensive survey of diazirine structure-function relationships, with a particular focus on thermal activation methods. We reveal a striking ability to vary the activation energy and activation temperature of aryl diazirines through the rational manipulation of electronic properties. Significantly, we show that electron-rich diazirines have greatly enhanced efficacy toward C-H insertion, under both thermal and photochemical activation conditions. We expect these results to lead to significant improvements in diazirine-based chemical probes and polymer crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhipeng Pei
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Kelowna BC V1V-1V7 Canada
| | - Liting Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W-3V6 Canada
| | - Gino A DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Kelowna BC V1V-1V7 Canada
| | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria BC V8W-3V6 Canada
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4
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Tanbouza N, Carreras V, Ollevier T. Photochemical Cyclopropenation of Alkynes with Diazirines as Carbene Precursors in Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2021; 23:5420-5424. [PMID: 34228924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-3-aryl-cyclopropenes via the cyclopropenation reaction of alkynes with photolytically generated carbenes from diazirine compounds is described. This reaction is performed in continuous flow using readily available LEDs under mild reaction conditions. This new and efficient method describes the synthesis of 25 examples of 3-trifluoromethyl-3-aryl-cyclopropenes with yields up to 97%, achieved in continuous flow with a 5 min residence time. Control experiments highlighted that diazirines are more efficient than diazo compounds for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Tanbouza
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Virginie Carreras
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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5
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Kanitz NE, Fresia M, Jones PG, Lindel T. Di‐ and Trifluorinated 2‐Azidobenzimidazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Photooxygenation, and
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F NMR Prediction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils E. Kanitz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Technical University Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Marvin Fresia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Technical University Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Technical University Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Thomas Lindel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Technical University Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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6
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Hartmann RW, Fahrner R, Shevshenko D, Fyrknäs M, Larsson R, Lehmann F, Odell LR. Rational Design of Azastatin as a Potential ADC Payload with Reduced Bystander Killing. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2500-2512. [PMID: 33063934 PMCID: PMC7756782 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Auristatins are a class of ultrapotent microtubule inhibitors, whose growing clinical popularity in oncology is based upon their use as payloads in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The most widely utilized auristatin, MMAE, has however been shown to cause apoptosis in non-pathological cells proximal to the tumour ("bystander killing"). Herein, we introduce azastatins, a new class of auristatin derivatives encompassing a side chain amine for antibody conjugation. The synthesis of Cbz-azastatin methyl ester, which included the C2-elongation and diastereoselective reduction of two proteinogenic amino acids as key transformations, was accomplished in 22 steps and 0.76 % overall yield. While Cbz-protected azastatin methyl ester (0.13-3.0 nM) inhibited proliferation more potently than MMAE (0.47-6.5 nM), removal of the Cbz-group yielded dramatically increased IC50 -values (9.8-170 nM). We attribute the reduced apparent cytotoxicity of the deprotected azastatin methyl esters to a lack of membrane permeability. These results clearly establish the azastatins as a novel class of cytotoxic payloads ideally suited for use in next-generation ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael W. Hartmann
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Raphael Fahrner
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Denys Shevshenko
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Mårten Fyrknäs
- Department of Medical SciencesCancer Pharmacology and Computational MedicineUppsala UniversityUniversity Hospital75185UppsalaSweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical SciencesCancer Pharmacology and Computational MedicineUppsala UniversityUniversity Hospital75185UppsalaSweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
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7
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Funabiki K, Hayakawa A, Kani R, Inuzuka T, Kubota Y. One-Pot and Reducible-Functional-Group-Tolerant Synthesis of α-Aryl- and α-Heteroaryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Tandem Trifluoroacetylation and MPV Type Reduction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Ayaka Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Kani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis; Life Science Research Center; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Yashuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido 501-1193 Gifu Japan
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8
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Hyde S, Veliks J, Ascough DM, Szpera R, Paton RS, Gouverneur V. Enantioselective rhodium-catalysed insertion of trifluorodiazoethanes into tin hydrides. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Pastrana Restrepo M, Galeano Jaramillo E, Martínez Martínez A, Robledo Restrepo S. Synthesis and trypanocide activity of chloro-l-tyrosine and bromo-l-tyrosine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Peng XL, Migani A, Li QS, Li ZS, Blancafort L. Theoretical study of non-Hammett vs. Hammett behaviour in the thermolysis and photolysis of arylchlorodiazirines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1181-1188. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calculations show that the different Hammett behaviour of arylchlorodiazirines is due to different mechanisms in the ground and excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
| | - Annapaola Migani
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular
- IQAC-CSIC
- Jordi Girona 18-26
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona
- Facultat de Ciències
- C/M. A. Capmany 69
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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11
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Pourcelle V, Laurent S, Welle A, Vriamont N, Stanicki D, Vander Elst L, Muller RN, Marchand-Brynaert J. Functionalization of the PEG Corona of Nanoparticles by Clip Photochemistry in Water: Application to the Grafting of RGD Ligands on PEGylated USPIO Imaging Agent. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:822-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pourcelle
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department
of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging
Laboratory, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8 B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Vriamont
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Stanicki
- Department
of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging
Laboratory, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- Department
of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging
Laboratory, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8 B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- Department
of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging
Laboratory, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8 B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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12
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Suzuki T, Okamura T, Tomohiro T, Iwabuchi Y, Kanoh N. Third generation photo-cross-linked small-molecule affinity matrix: a photoactivatable and photocleavable system enabling quantitative analysis of the photo-cross-linked small molecules and their target purification. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:389-95. [PMID: 25668603 DOI: 10.1021/bc500559e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The third generation of photoactivatable beads designed to capture bioactive small molecules in a chemo- and site-nonselective manner upon irradiation at 365 nm of UV light and release them as coumarin conjugates after exposure to UV light of 302 nm is described. These photoactivatable and photocleavable beads enable quantification of the amount and distribution of immobilized small molecules prior to the pull-down experiments to identify target protein(s) for the immobilized small molecules. The newly developed system was then used to analyze the functional group compatibility of the photo-cross-linking technology as well as the preferable nature of small molecules to be immobilized. As a result, compounds having a hydroxyl group, carboxylic acid, or aromatic ring were shown to give multiple conjugates, indicating that these compounds are well compatible with the photoactivatable beads system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okamura
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takenori Tomohiro
- ‡Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- †Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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13
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Quantum chemical calculation of 19F NMR chemical shifts of trifluoromethyl diazirine photoproducts and precursors. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Sudakow A, Papke U, Lindel T. Water compatible photoarylation of amino acids and peptides. Chemistry 2014; 20:10223-6. [PMID: 25042820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoarylation of amino acids and peptides is described, which tolerates the presence of water. Irradiation of Boc-protected amino acids in the presence of N-protected 2-azidobenzimidazoles leads to selective arylation of carboxy termini or side chains. The new reaction also works for peptides. Irradiation of the nonapeptide H-SPSYVYHQF-OH also resulted in selective arylation of the tyrosine side chains, as indicated by ESI-MS/MS fragmentation. Chemo- and regioselectivity could add the title reaction to the repertoire of photoaffinity labeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sudakow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 531-391-7744
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15
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Raimer B, Wartmann T, Jones PG, Lindel T. Synthesis, Stability, and Photoreactivity of Diazirinyl-SubstitutedN-Heterocycles Based on Indole, Benzimidazole, and Imidazole. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Preston GW, Radford SE, Ashcroft AE, Wilson AJ. Analysis of amyloid nanostructures using photo-cross-linking: in situ comparison of three widely used photo-cross-linkers. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:761-8. [PMID: 24372480 PMCID: PMC3964826 DOI: 10.1021/cb400731s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced cross-linking (PIC) has become a powerful tool in chemical biology for the identification and mapping of stable or transient interactions between biomacromolecules and their (unknown) ligands. However, the value of PIC for in vitro and in vivo structural proteomics can be realized only if cross-linking reports accurately on biomacromolecule secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures with residue-specific resolution. Progress in this area requires rigorous and comparative studies of PIC reagents, but despite widespread use of PIC, these have rarely been performed. The use of PIC to report reliably on noncovalent structure is therefore limited, and its potentials have yet to be fully realized. In the present study, we compared the abilities of three probes, phenyl trifluoromethyldiazirine (TFMD), benzophenone (BP), and phenylazide (PA), to record structural information within a biomolecular complex. For this purpose, we employed a self-assembled amyloid-like peptide nanostructure as a tightly and specifically packed model environment in which to photolyze the reagents. Information about PIC products was gathered using mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry, and the data were interpreted using a mechanism-oriented approach. While all three PIC groups appeared to generate information within the packed peptide environment, the data highlight technical limitations of BP and PA. On the other hand, TFMD displayed accuracy and generated straightforward results. Thus TFMD, with its robust and rapid photochemistry, was shown to be an ideal probe for cross-linking of peptide nanostructures. The implications of our findings for detailed analyses of complex systems, including those that are transiently populated, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W. Preston
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and §School of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and §School of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alison. E. Ashcroft
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and §School of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and §School of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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17
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Hentschel F, Raimer B, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Sasse F, Lindel T. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of a Diazirine-Based Photopsammaplin. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Zhao W, Liu C, Cao L, Yin X, Xu H, Zhang B. Porous single-crystalline CdS nanosheets as efficient visible light catalysts for aerobic oxidative coupling of amines to imines. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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