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Srinivas S, Senthil Kumar SM, Senthil Kumar A. Edge and Basal Plane Anisotropy of a Preanodized Pencil Graphite Electrode Surface Revealed Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Electrocatalytic Dopamine Oxidation as a Molecular Probe. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12563-12575. [PMID: 37646227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pencil graphite (PGE), an ultralow-cost and ready-to-use disposable-type electrode, has been used for various electrochemical and electroanalytical applications after its surface anodization (PGE*, * means preanodized surface). Indeed, systematic studies on mechanistic and surface features of PGE* have not yet been explored. Herein, we report anodized pencil graphite as a model system to study molecular level insights into the surface using a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique and dopamine (DA) electrocatalytic oxidation reaction as a molecular probe. The as-prepared PGE* showed an appreciable electronic conductivity similar to the edge-plane graphitic sites (EPPG) of the highly pyrolytic graphitic electrode (HOPG) but without any surface deterioration that occurs with HOPG due to the instability of the EPPG. Physicochemical characterizations by FESEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS techniques revealed a flake-like exfoliated PGE* surface with higher contents of carbon-oxygen especially phenolic/alcoholic functional groups than the PGE surface. Based on the chronocoulometric experiment, the number of functional groups formed on the PGE* was calculated as 10.9 × 10-10 mol cm-2. An independent SECM technique using ferricyanide as a redox probe showed the existence of a heterogeneous surface and exhibited an improved electron transfer activity due to the flake-like graphitic island on the PGE* surface. Investigated DA electrochemical oxidation on PGE* yielded about three times enhancement in the peak current signal and about 200 mV reduction in the oxidation potential over the PGE without any serious surface fouling feature that is related to the intermediate polydopamine formation on the basal-plane graphitic surface of the underlying electrode. As an independent electroanalytical study, a prototype electrochemical sensor using PGE* as a working electrode for instant detection of DA-containing pharmaceutical samples in a 1 mL Eppendorf vial has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore632 014, India
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2
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Altun A, Yardim Y, Levent A. Investigation of the electrochemical properties of benzo[k]fluorenthene using a glassy carbon electrode and development of a square-wave voltammetric method for its quantification. J CHEM SCI 2023; 135:8. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12039-022-02128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
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3
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Investigation of the electrochemical properties of benzo[k]fluorenthene using a glassy carbon electrode and development of a square-wave voltammetric method for its quantification. J CHEM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Kaliyaraj Selva Kumar A, Lu Y, Compton RG. Voltammetry of Carbon Nanotubes and the Limitations of Particle-Modified Electrodes: Are Carbon Nanotubes Electrocatalytic? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8699-8710. [PMID: 36094419 PMCID: PMC9511562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrocatalysts is summarized; the limitations of using voltammetry based on CNT-modified electrodes is explained; and the role of mass transport, as well as electrode kinetics, with respect to dictating the voltammetric responses is discussed. The use of single-entity electrochemistry to at least complement, if not replace, ensemble voltammetry is advocated along with other caveats, notably purity, with respect to CNT voltammetry.
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Sorrentino I, Carrière M, Jamet H, Stanzione I, Piscitelli A, Giardina P, Le Goff A. The laccase mediator system at carbon nanotubes for anthracene oxidation and femtomolar electrochemical biosensing. Analyst 2022; 147:897-904. [PMID: 35142302 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the use of POXA1b laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus for the oxidation of anthracene into anthraquinone. We show that different pathways can occur depending on the nature of the redox mediator combined to laccase, leading to different structural isomers. The laccase combined with 2,2'-azine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) leads to the formation of 1,4-anthraquinone and/or 1,2-anthraquinone. The unprecedented role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as redox mediators for oxidation of anthracene into 9,10-anthraquinone is shown and corroborated by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Owing to the efficient adsorption of anthraquinones at CNT electrodes, anthracene can be detected with low limit-of-detection using either laccase in solution, CNT-supported laccase or laccase immobilized at magnetic beads exploiting the adhesive property of a chimeric hydrophobin-laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Carrière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hélène Jamet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Ilaria Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Piscitelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Buzzetti PHM, Blanchard PY, Girotto EM, Nishina Y, Cosnier S, Le Goff A, Holzinger M. Insights into carbon nanotube-assisted electro-oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for mediated bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8957-8960. [PMID: 34486593 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02958d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of polycyclic aromatics, naphthalene, phenanthrene, perylene, pyrene, 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (pyrene NHS) and coronene, were immobilized via π stacking on carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes and electro-oxidized in aqueous solutions. The obtained quinones were characterized and evaluated for the mediated electron transfer with FAD dependent glucose dehydrogenase during catalytic glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique M Buzzetti
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 570 rue de la Chimie, Grenoble 38041, France. michael.holzinger@univ-grenoble-alpes.,Department of Chemistry (DQI), State University of Maringá, Colombo 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Pierre-Yves Blanchard
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 570 rue de la Chimie, Grenoble 38041, France. michael.holzinger@univ-grenoble-alpes
| | - Emerson Marcelo Girotto
- Department of Chemistry (DQI), State University of Maringá, Colombo 5790, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University 3-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 570 rue de la Chimie, Grenoble 38041, France. michael.holzinger@univ-grenoble-alpes
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 570 rue de la Chimie, Grenoble 38041, France. michael.holzinger@univ-grenoble-alpes
| | - Michael Holzinger
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, 570 rue de la Chimie, Grenoble 38041, France. michael.holzinger@univ-grenoble-alpes
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Ueda H, Yoshimoto S. Multi-Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2411-2429. [PMID: 34128316 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over redox properties is essential for high-performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi-redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as Cx Hy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of Cx Hy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 Cx Hy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven Cx Hy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 /graphite batteries. The use of Cx Hy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi-bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of Cx Hy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Barathi P, Devaraj A, Subramania A. Mesoporous Carbon/α-Fe 2O 3 Nanoleaf Composites for Disposable Nitrite Sensors and Energy Storage Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32160-32170. [PMID: 33376854 PMCID: PMC7758890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel hydrothermal synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoleaf-incorporated mesoporous carbon-chitosan (α-Fe2O3@MPC-chit) as a versatile disposable sensor for selective electrochemical detection of nitrite and for supercapacitor applications. The newly synthesized α-Fe2O3@MPC-chit nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, UV, and Raman spectroscopy. The extensive physicochemical characterization reveals the strong immobilization of α-Fe2O3 nanoleaves within the MPC-chit composite. The electrochemical characterization with cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy using [Fe(CN)6)]3-/4- as a redox probe concludes good electron conductivity and efficient electron transfer behavior of α-Fe2O3@MPC-chit. The α-Fe2O3@MPC-chit modified electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward nitrite oxidation. The amperometric method of nitrite detection showed a linear range of up to 200 μmol L-1 . The current sensitivity and detection limit were found to be 0.913 μA μM-1 and 31 nM cm-2, respectively. The improved catalytic activity of the proposed electrode was endorsed by the synergistic effect of α-Fe2O3 with the MPC-chit composite. The ability of the proposed electrode was demonstrated by the successful detection of nitrite present in tap water, river water, and industrial samples with extensive recovery values. Furthermore, the α-Fe2O3@MPC-chit modified stainless-steel electrode showed high-performance supercapacitor application and exhibited a large specific capacitance of 380 F g-1 at 1 A g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Barathi
- Electrochemical
Energy Research Lab, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anthonisamy Devaraj
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Angaiah Subramania
- Electrochemical
Energy Research Lab, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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High-valent ruthenium(IV)-oxo complex stabilized mesoporous carbon (graphitized)/nafion modified electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in neutral pH. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Nisha S, Senthil Kumar A. π-Self-Assembly of a Coronene on Carbon Nanomaterial-Modified Electrode and Its Symmetrical Redox and H 2O 2 Electrocatalytic Reduction Functionalities. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11817-11828. [PMID: 32478273 PMCID: PMC7254800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure-electroactivity relationship of graphene has been studied using coronene (Cor), polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and a subunit of graphene as a model system by chemically modified electrode approach. In general, graphene and PAH do not show any redox activity in their native form. Herein, we report a simple electrochemical approach for the conversion of electro-inactive coronene to a highly redox-active molecule (Cor-Redox; E°' = 0.235 ± 0.005 V vs Ag/AgCl) after being adsorbed on graphitic carbon nanomaterial and preconditioned at an applied potential, 1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl, wherein, the water molecule oxidizes to dioxygen via hydroxyl radical (•OH) intermediate, in acidic solution (pH 2 KCl-HCl). When the same coronene electrochemical experiment was carried out on an unmodified glassy carbon electrode, there was no sign of faradic signal, revealing the unique electrochemical behavior of the coronene molecule on graphitic nanomaterial. The Cor-Redox peak is found to be highly symmetrical (peak-to-peak potential separation of ∼0 V tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV)) and surface-confined (ΓCor-Redox = 10.1 × 10-9 mol cm-2) and has proton-coupled electron-transfer (∂E°'/∂pH = -56 mV pH-1) character. Initially, it was speculated that Cor is converted to a hydroxy group-functionalized Cor molecule (dihydroxy benzene derivative) on the graphitic surface and showed the electrochemical redox activity. However, physicochemical characterization studies including Raman, IR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), redox-site selective oxidation probe, cysteine (for dihydroxy benzene), radical scavenger ((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl, TEMPO), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using ferricyanide redox couple have revealed that coronene cationic radical species like electroactive molecule is formed on graphitic material upon the electrochemical oxidation reaction at a high anodic potential. It has been proposed that •OH generated as an intermediate species from the water oxidation reaction is involved in the coronene cationic radical species. Studies on coronene electrochemical reaction at various carbon nanomaterials like multiwalled carbon, single-walled carbon, graphite, graphene oxide, and carbon nanofiber revealed that graphitic structure (without any oxygen functional groups) and its π-π bonding are key factors for the success of the electrochemical reaction. The coronene molecular redox peak showed an unusual electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide similar to the peroxidase enzyme-biocatalyzed reduction reaction in physiological solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Nisha
- Nano
and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano
and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- Carbon
Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Mayuri P, Huang ST, Mani V, Kumar AS. A new organic redox species-indole tetraone trapped MWCNT modified electrode prepared by in-situ electrochemical oxidation of indole for a bifunctional electrocatalysis and simultaneous flow injection electroanalysis of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qiao X, Wei M, Tian D, Xia F, Chen P, Zhou C. One-step electrosynthesis of cadmium/aluminum layered double hydroxides composite as electrochemical probe for voltammetric detection of anthracene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Nellaiappan S, Kumar AS. Reductive cleavage of methyl orange under formation of a redox-active hydroquinone/polyaniline nanocomposite on an electrode modified with MWCNTs, and its application to flow injection analysis of ascorbic acid at low potential and neutral pH value. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Thiruppathi M, Thiyagarajan N, Gopinathan M, Zen JM. Role of defect sites and oxygen functionalities on preanodized screen printed carbon electrode for adsorption and oxidation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Vishnu N, Kumar AS. Intrinsic Iron-Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Electro-Fenton Catalyst for the Conversion of Benzene to Redox-Active Surface-Confined Quinones. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandimalla Vishnu
- Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Division; School of Advanced Sciences; Vellore Institute of Technology University; Vellore 632014 India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Division; School of Advanced Sciences; Vellore Institute of Technology University; Vellore 632014 India
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Chang WL, Kumar AS, Wang SP, Yang CH, Shih Y. Selective flow injection detection of zinc phenolsulfonate as oxidized intermediates using a pre-anodized screen printed carbon ring-disk electrode coupled with a dual electrode system. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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An unusual electrochemical oxidation of phenothiazine dye to phenothiazine-bi-1,4-quinone derivative (a donor-acceptor type molecular hybrid) on MWCNT surface and its cysteine electrocatalytic oxidation function. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Swetha P, Devi KSS, Kumar AS. In-situ trapping and confining of highly redox active quinoline quinones on MWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode and its selective electrocatalytic oxidation and sensing of hydrazine. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gayathri P, Senthil Kumar A. Electrochemical behavior of the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand on a multiwalled carbon nanotube surface and its relevant electrochemistry for selective recognition of copper ion and hydrogen peroxide sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10513-10521. [PMID: 25119115 DOI: 10.1021/la502651w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (Phen) is a well-known benchmark ligand and has often been used in the coordination chemistry for the complexation of transition metal ions, such as Fe(2+), Ni(2+), and Co(2+). Because the electro-oxidation potential of Phen is much higher (>2 V versus Ag/AgCl) than the water decomposition potential, i.e., ∼1.5 V versus Ag/AgCl, in pH 7, it is practically difficult to electro-oxidize Phen in aqueous medium using any conventional electrodes, such as glassy carbon electrode (GCE), gold, and platinum. Interestingly, herein, we report an unexpected oxidation of Phen to a highly redox active 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (Phen-dione) and its confinement on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/MWCNT@Phen-dione) surface by potential cycling of Phen-adsorbed GCE/MWCNT (GCE/MWCNT@Phen) from -1 to 1 V versus Ag/AgCl in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. GCE/MWCNT@Phen-dione showed selective recognition of copper ion (GCE/MWCNT@Phen-dione-Cu(2+)) by catalyzing the hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction in a neutral pH solution. The precise structure of the Phen electro-oxidized product has been identified after characterizing the electrode and/or ethanolic extract of the product by various techniques, such as Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (for copper complex), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) (for copper complex), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and comparing electrochemical behavior of several control compounds, such as phenanthrene and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. It is concluded that the product formed is 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, wherein the dione position is ortho to each other and the copper ion is complexed with nitrogen of the phenanthroline ring. With extended electrochemical oxidation of a structurally similar ligand, 2,2'-bipyridine failed to show any such electrochemical dynamics. Finally, applicability of GCE/MWCNT@Phen-dione-Cu(2+) for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide in a couple of real samples is successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasam Gayathri
- Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University , Vellore 632 014, India
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Barathi P, Kumar AS. Electrochemical Oxidation of Hazardous Tetracene to Highly Redox Active Anthraquinone and Hydroquinone Derivatives on a Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrode and Its Selective Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Quercetin tethered pristine-multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode as an efficient electrochemical detector for flow injection analysis of hydrazine in cigarette tobacco samples. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Polypyrrole Composite Film for Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Determination Sensors. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Nellaiappan S, Kumar AS. Selective flow injection analysis of iodate in iodized table salts by riboflavin immobilized multiwalled carbon nanotubes chemically modified electrode. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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