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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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2
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Cutillas-Font G, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically interlocked molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4949-4976. [PMID: 35612363 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have great potential in the development of molecular machinery due to their intercomponent dynamics. The incorporation of these molecules in a condensed phase makes it possible to take advantage of the control of the motion of the components at the macroscopic level. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are postulated as ideal supports for intertwined molecules. This review covers the chemistry of the mechanical bond incorporated into metal-organic frameworks from the seminal studies to the latest published advances. We first describe some fundamental concepts of MIMs and MOFs. Next, we summarize the advances in the incorporation of rotaxanes and catenanes inside MOF matrices. Finally, we conclude by showing the study of the rotaxane dynamics in MOFs and the operation of some stimuli-responsive MIMs within MOFs. In addition to emphasising some selected examples, we offer a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field, remarking the key points on which the future of these systems should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Mukherjee A, Akulov AA, Santra S, Varaksin MV, Kim GA, Kopchuk DS, Taniya OS, Zyryanov GV, Chupakhin ON. 2,7-Diazapyrenes: a brief review on synthetic strategies and application opportunities. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9323-9341. [PMID: 35424878 PMCID: PMC8985108 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
2,7-Diazapyrenes are promising azaaromatic scaffolds with a unique structural geometry and supramolecular properties. This core moiety and its derivatives with some N-methyl cations like N-methyl-2,7,-diazapyrenium, and N,N'-dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium attract special attention due to their challenging photophysical properties, especially in the context of interactions with DNA and some of its mononucleotides. This review focuses on the analysis of the main synthetic approaches to 2,7-diazapyrene and its functional derivatives employing various strategies under different reaction conditions. The opportunities of applications of 2,7-diazapyrenes, including their remarkable photophysical and supramolecular properties, DNA-bindings, in sensors, molecular electronics, supramolecular systems, and related areas are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Mukherjee
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Akulov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Sougata Santra
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Varaksin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB of the RAS 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. Yekaterinburg 620219 Russian Federation
| | - Grigory A Kim
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB of the RAS 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. Yekaterinburg 620219 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Kopchuk
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB of the RAS 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. Yekaterinburg 620219 Russian Federation
| | - Olga S Taniya
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB of the RAS 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. Yekaterinburg 620219 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin 19 Mira str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, UB of the RAS 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. Yekaterinburg 620219 Russian Federation
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4
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Tay HM, Kyratzis N, Thoonen S, Boer SA, Turner DR, Hua C. Synthetic strategies towards chiral coordination polymers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Taniya OS, Khasanov AF, Varaksin MV, Starnovskaya ES, Krinochkin AP, Savchuk MI, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Kim GA, Nosova EV, Zyryanov GV, Chupakhin ON. Azapyrene-based fluorophores: synthesis and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The latest methods for the preparation/functionalization of azapyrenes, and their photophysical/electrochemical properties and possible applications are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Taniya
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Albert F. Khasanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Varaksin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Starnovskaya
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Alexey P. Krinochkin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Maria I. Savchuk
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Kim
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Emiliya V. Nosova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskaya st./20 Akademicheskaya st., Ekaterinburg 620137, Russia
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6
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Martinez-Bulit P, Stirk AJ, Loeb SJ. Rotors, Motors, and Machines Inside Metal–Organic Frameworks. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Lewis JEM. Self-templated synthesis of amide catenanes and formation of a catenane coordination polymer. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2442-2447. [PMID: 30742192 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A self-templation strategy was used to synthesise isophthalamide [2]catenanes of various sizes in up to 51% yield without the need for metal ions as templates or mediators of covalent bond formation. Using this strategy a bis-monodentate catenane was prepared incorporating exohedral pyridine units. Upon complexation of this ligand with AgOTf a one-dimensional coordination polymer was obtained in the solid state in which both macrocycles of the catenane are involved in binding to the metal nodes, resulting in a rare example of a coordination assembly in which mechanical bonds are incorporated into the structure backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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8
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Molloy JK, Bergamini G, Baroncini M, Hahn U, Ceroni P. Dendronised diazapyrenium derivatives: host–guest complexes in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Water soluble dendrimers, containing a diazapyrenium core, bind CB[7] with a higher association constant than CB[8].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Molloy
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Uwe Hahn
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie
- Polymères et Matériaux
- Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042)
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
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9
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Della Pia A, Riello M, Stassen D, Jones TS, Bonifazi D, De Vita A, Costantini G. Two-dimensional core-shell donor-acceptor assemblies at metal-organic interfaces promoted by surface-mediated charge transfer. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19004-19013. [PMID: 27808341 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic charge transfer (CT) complexes obtained by combining molecular electron donors and acceptors have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in organic opto-electronic devices. In order to work, these systems must have an electronic matching - the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor must couple with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor - and a structural matching, so as to allow direct intermolecular CT. Here it is shown that, when molecules are adsorbed on a metal surface, novel molecular organizations driven by surface-mediated CT can appear that have no counterpart in condensed phase non-covalent assemblies of donor and acceptor molecules. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy it is demonstrated that the electronic and self-assembly properties of an electron acceptor molecule can change dramatically in the presence of an additional molecular species with marked electron donor character, leading to the formation of unprecedented core-shell assemblies. DFT and classical force-field simulations reveal that this is a consequence of charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor molecules mediated by the metallic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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10
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Electrochemically addressable trisradical rotaxanes organized within a metal-organic framework. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11161-8. [PMID: 26283386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514485112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of trisradical rotaxanes within the channels of a Zr6-based metal-organic framework (NU-1000) has been achieved postsynthetically by solvent-assisted ligand incorporation. Robust Zr(IV)-carboxylate bonds are forged between the Zr clusters of NU-1000 and carboxylic acid groups of rotaxane precursors (semirotaxanes) as part of this building block replacement strategy. Ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies all confirm the capture of redox-active rotaxanes within the mesoscale hexagonal channels of NU-1000. Cyclic voltammetry measurements performed on electroactive thin films of the resulting material indicate that redox-active viologen subunits located on the rotaxane components can be accessed electrochemically in the solid state. In contradistinction to previous methods, this strategy for the incorporation of mechanically interlocked molecules within porous materials circumvents the need for de novo synthesis of a metal-organic framework, making it a particularly convenient approach for the design and creation of solid-state molecular switches and machines. The results presented here provide proof-of-concept for the application of postsynthetic transformations in the integration of dynamic molecular machines with robust porous frameworks.
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11
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Vukotic VN, O’Keefe CA, Zhu K, Harris KJ, To C, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Mechanically Interlocked Linkers inside Metal–Organic Frameworks: Effect of Ring Size on Rotational Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9643-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Kristopher J. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Christine To
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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12
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Gil-Ramírez G, Leigh DA, Stephens AJ. Catenanes: fifty years of molecular links. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6110-50. [PMID: 25951013 PMCID: PMC4515087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Half a century after Schill and Lüttringhaus carried out the first directed synthesis of a [2]catenane, a plethora of strategies now exist for the construction of molecular Hopf links (singly interlocked rings), the simplest type of catenane. The precision and effectiveness with which suitable templates and/or noncovalent interactions can arrange building blocks has also enabled the synthesis of intricate and often beautiful higher order interlocked systems, including Solomon links, Borromean rings, and a Star of David catenane. This Review outlines the diverse strategies that exist for synthesizing catenanes in the 21st century and examines their emerging applications and the challenges that still exist for the synthesis of more complex topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net.
| | - Alexander J Stephens
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net
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13
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Gil-Ramírez G, Leigh DA, Stephens AJ. Catenane: fünfzig Jahre molekulare Verschlingungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Sue ACH, Mannige RV, Deng H, Cao D, Wang C, Gándara F, Stoddart JF, Whitelam S, Yaghi OM. Heterogeneity of functional groups in a metal-organic framework displays magic number ratios. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5591-6. [PMID: 25901326 PMCID: PMC4426423 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416417112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organic functionalities can now be apportioned into nanoscale domains within a metal-coordinated framework, posing the following question: how do we control the resulting combination of "heterogeneity and order"? Here, we report the creation of a metal-organic framework, MOF-2000, whose two component types are incorporated in a 2:1 ratio, even when the ratio of component types in the starting solution is varied by an order of magnitude. Statistical mechanical modeling suggests that this robust 2:1 ratio has a nonequilibrium origin, resulting from kinetic trapping of component types during framework growth. Our simulations show how other "magic number" ratios of components can be obtained by modulating the topology of a framework and the noncovalent interactions between component types, a finding that may aid the rational design of functional multicomponent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C-H Sue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Ranjan V Mannige
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Hexiang Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Dennis Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Felipe Gándara
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201;
| | - Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Omar M Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
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15
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A molecular shuttle that operates inside a metal–organic framework. Nat Chem 2015; 7:514-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Zhan TG, Lu BY, Lin F, Zhou TY, Zhao X, Li ZT. Donor–acceptor interaction-driven folding of linear naphthalene–glycol oligomers templated by a rigid bipyridinium rod. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of folded and helical supramolecular structures through the self-assembly of a series of flexible linear oligomers induced by a rigid rod-like template has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Ben-Ye Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Tian-You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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17
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Phukan N, Baruah JB. 3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid supported grid-like structure of cadmium chloride coordination polymer with 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Evans NH, Beer PD. Progress in the synthesis and exploitation of catenanes since the Millennium. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4658-83. [PMID: 24676138 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catenanes - molecules consisting of interlocked macrocyclic rings - have been prepared by templation strategies for some thirty years. The utilization of Cu(I) cation, aromatic donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding assisted self-assembly strategies has led to the construction of numerous examples of these aesthetically pleasing species. This review seeks to discuss key developments in the synthesis and functional application of catenanes that have occurred since the Millennium. The much expanded range of metal cation templates; the genesis and growth of anion templation, as well as the use of alternative supramolecular interactions (halogen bonding and radical templation) and thermodynamically controlled reactions to synthesize catenanes are detailed. The class of catenanes that may be described as "molecular machines" are then highlighted and to conclude, attempts to fabricate catenanes onto surfaces and into metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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Organizing Mechanically Interlocked Molecules to Function Inside Metal-Organic Frameworks. MOLECULAR MACHINES AND MOTORS 2014; 354:213-51. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jin S, Furukawa K, Addicoat M, Chen L, Takahashi S, Irle S, Nakamura T, Jiang D. Large pore donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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