1
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Romero N, Chavagnan T, Roisnel T, Welle A, Kirillov E, Carpentier JF. Dinuclear group IV metal complexes based on a bis(indenyl)-( E/ Z)-stilbene platform: a potential prototype of "photoswitchable" catalysts for olefin polymerization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9452-9466. [PMID: 38767126 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of dizirconium complexes based on a novel bis(indenyl)-(E/Z)-stilbene platform was explored. Negishi coupling between the in situ-generated diorganozincates obtained from the respective o/m/p-(E/Z)-dibromostilbenes and the bromo-functionalized zirconocene (η5-Cp*)(η5-2-methyl-4-bromoindenyl)ZrCl2, or, alternatively, the preparation of bis(indene)stilbene pro-ligands {o/m/p-(E/Z)-BisIndSB}H2 through Negishi coupling of the corresponding dibromostilbenes with 4-bromoindene and subsequent metallation/transmetallation with Cp*ZrCl3 or Zr(NMe2)4, allowed the preparation of a series of dinuclear complexes. These were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and some of them by iASAP-mass spectrometry and by X-ray diffraction studies. Experimental results were compared with DFT modelling of the targeted dinuclear complexes evidencing that the (E)-complexes are more stable by 7-11 kcal mol-1 than their (Z)-analogues. Thermal, uncontrolled isomerization of (Z)- to (E)-stilbene platform was observed experimentally for some systems, in the course of their synthesis, either from the (Z)-dibromostilbene reagent or on the dinuclear complexes resulting from the Negishi coupling. Photoisomerization of the (E)- and (Z)-{BisIndSB}H2 proligands and of complexes {o-(E)-BisIndSB}(Zr(NMe2)3)2 and {m-(E)-BisIndSB}(ZrCl2Cp*)2 was investigated under a variety of conditions. It proved effective for the proligands but induced decomposition of the dizirconium complexes. Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) computations were performed to identify unambiguously the nature of the observed absorption bands and account for decomposition of the complexes. Preliminary ethylene/1-hexene homo- and copolymerization investigations did not evidence putative cooperativity phenomena within these dinuclear systems nor significantly differentiated behavior between the (Z)- and (E)-isomers of a given type of complex under the reaction conditions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Romero
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Thierry Chavagnan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Centre de diffractométrie, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Welle
- TotalEnergies OneTech Belgium, Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Feluy, Belgium
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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2
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Scherz F, Bauer M, Domenianni LI, Hoyer C, Schmidt J, Sarkar B, Vöhringer P, Krewald V. Ultrafast photogeneration of a metal-organic nitrene from 1,1'-diazidoferrocene. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6707-6715. [PMID: 38725494 PMCID: PMC11077559 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene and its derivatives have fascinated chemists for more than 70 years, not least due to the analogies with the properties of benzene. Despite these similarities, the obvious difference between benzene and ferrocene is the presence of an iron ion and hence the availability of d-orbitals for properties and reactivity. Phenylnitrene with its rich photochemistry can be considered an analogue of nitrenoferrocene. As with most organic and inorganic nitrenes, nitrenoferrocene can be obtained by irradiating the azide precursor. We study the photophysical and photochemical processes of dinitrogen release from 1,1'-diazidoferrocene to form 1-azido-1'-nitrenoferrocene with UV-pump-mid-IR-probe transient absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory calculations including spin-orbit coupling. An intermediate with a bent azide moiety is identified that is pre-organised for dinitrogen release via a low-lying transition state. The photochemical decay paths on the singlet and triplet surfaces including the importance of spin-orbit coupling are discussed. We compare our findings with the processes discussed for photochemical dinitrogen activation and highlight implications for the photochemistry of azides more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Scherz
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Bauer
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstraße 12 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Luis I Domenianni
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstraße 12 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Carolin Hoyer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstraße 12 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstraße 12 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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3
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Greenlee A, Weitekamp RA, Foster JC, Leguizamon SC. PhotoROMP: The Future Is Bright. ACS Catal 2024; 14:6217-6227. [PMID: 38660608 PMCID: PMC11036397 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Since the earliest investigations of olefin metathesis catalysis, light has been the choice for controlling the catalyst activity on demand. From the perspective of energy efficiency, temporal and spatial control, and selectivity, photochemistry is not only an attractive alternative to traditional thermal manufacturing techniques but also arguably a superior manifold for advanced applications like additive manufacturing (AM). In the last three decades, pioneering work in the field of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has broadened the scope of material properties achievable through AM, particularly using light as both an activating and deactivating stimulus. In this Perspective, we explore trends in photocontrolled ROMP systems with an emphasis on approaches to photoinduced activation and deactivation of metathesis catalysts. Recent work has yielded a myriad of commercial and synthetically accessible photosensitive catalyst systems, although comparatively little attention has been paid to achieving precise control over polymer morphology using light. Metal-free, photophysical, and living ROMP systems have also been relatively underexplored. To take fuller advantage of both the thermomechanical properties of ROMP polymers and the operational simplicity of photocontrol, clear directions for the field are to improve the reversibility of activation and deactivation strategies as well as to further develop photocontrolled approaches to tuning cross-link density and polymer tacticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
J. Greenlee
- Sandia
National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United
States
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4
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Li B, Hu C, Pang X, Chen X. Valence-variable Catalysts for Redox-controlled Switchable Ring-opening Polymerization. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201031. [PMID: 36321213 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a representative class of sustainable polymer materials, biodegradable polymers have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Despite significant advance of related polymerization techniques, realizing high sequence-control and easy-handling in ring-opening (co)polymerizations still remains a central challenge. To this end, a promising solution is the development of valence-variable metal-based catalysts for redox-induced switchable polymerization of cyclic esters, cyclic ethers, epoxides, and CO2 . Through a valence-determined electron effect, the switch between different catalytically active states as well as dormant state contributes to convenient formation of polymer products with desired microstructures and various practical performances. This redox-controlled switchable strategy for controlled synthesis of polymers is overviewed in this Review with a focus on potential applications and challenges for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
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5
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Chemical Transformations in Heterobimetallic Complexes Facilitated by the Second Coordination Sphere. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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6
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Reinhard GL, Jayaraman S, Prybil JW, Arambula JF, Arumugam K. Detailed structural and spectroscopic elucidation of ferrocenium coupled N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1533-1541. [PMID: 34989720 PMCID: PMC9069980 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Unambiguous assignment of redox sites on ferrocene coupled N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes [(Fc-NHC)2Au(I)]+ is critical to gain a greater mechanistic understanding of their activity in a cellular environment. Such information can be garnered with isolation and detailed characterization of the oxidized version of [(Fc-NHC)2Au(I)]+. Herein we disclose a study that unambiguously illustrates redox events pertaining to [(Fc-NHC)2Au(I)]+ that stem exclusively from ferrocene sites. This work also describes novel synthetic methodologies for isolating ferrocenium coupled N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett L Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | | | - Joshua W Prybil
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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7
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Wagner HE, Frank N, Barani E, Anson CE, Bayer L, Powell AK, Fink K, Breher F. Asymmetrically Difunctionalized 1,1′‐Ferrocenyl Metalloligands and Their Transition Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E. Wagner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Nils Frank
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Nanotechnology Postfach 3630 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Elham Barani
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Nanotechnology Postfach 3630 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher E. Anson
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lea Bayer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Annie K. Powell
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Nanotechnology Postfach 3630 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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8
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Abstract
The discovery of ferrocene, [Fe(η5-C5H5)2], seventy years ago has significantly influenced chemical research and provided a key impetus for establishing and rapidly expanding organometallic chemistry, which has continued at a...
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9
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Hern ZC, Quan SM, Dai R, Lai A, Wang Y, Liu C, Diaconescu PL. ABC and ABAB Block Copolymers by Electrochemically Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19802-19808. [PMID: 34792339 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically controlled synthesis of multiblock copolymers by alternating the redox states of (salfan)Zr(OtBu)2 (salfan = 1,1'-di(2-tert-butyl-6-N-methylmethylenephenoxy)ferrocene) is reported. Aided by electrochemistry with a glassy carbon working electrode, an in situ potential switch alters the catalyst's oxidation state and its subsequent monomer (l-lactide, β-butyrolactone, or cyclohexene oxide) selectivity in one pot. Various multiblock copolymers were prepared, including an ABAB tetrablock copolymer, poly(cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide-b-cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide), and an ABC triblock copolymer, poly(hydroxybutyrate-b-cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide). The polymers produced using this technique are similar to those produced via a chemical redox reagent method, displaying moderately narrow dispersities (1.1-1.5) and molecular weights ranging from 7 to 26 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Stephanie M Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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10
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Birenheide BS, Krämer F, Bayer L, Mehlmann P, Dielmann F, Breher F. Multistimuli-Responsive [3]Dioxaphosphaferrocenophanes with Orthogonal Switches. Chemistry 2021; 27:15066-15073. [PMID: 34459528 PMCID: PMC8596786 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel multistimuli‐responsive phosphine ligands comprising a redox‐active [3]dioxaphosphaferrocenophane backbone and a P‐bound imidazolin‐2‐ylidenamino entity that allows switching by protonation are reported. Investigation of the corresponding metal complexes and their redox behaviour are reported and show the sensitivity of the system towards protonation and metal coordination. The experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations. Protonation and oxidation events are applied in Rh‐catalysed hydrosilylations and demonstrate a remarkable influence on reactivity and/or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard S Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lea Bayer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Mehlmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Park S, Byun S, Ryu H, Hahm H, Lee J, Hong S. Reversibly Photoswitchable Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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12
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Brousses R, Maurel V, Mouesca JM, César V, Lugan N, Valyaev DA. Half-sandwich manganese complexes Cp(CO) 2Mn(NHC) as redox-active organometallic fragments. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14264-14272. [PMID: 34553709 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of the half-sandwich MnI complexes Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC) bearing dialkyl-, arylalkyl- and diarylsubstituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC = IMe, IMeMes, IMes) affords the corresponding stable MnII radical cations [Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC)](BF4) isolated in 92-95% yield. Systematic X-ray diffraction studies of the series of MnI and MnII NHC complexes revealed the expected characteristic structural changes upon oxidation, namely the elongation of the Mn-CO and Mn-NHC bonds as well as the diminution of the OC-Mn-CO angle. ESR spectra of [Cp(CO)2Mn(IMes)](BF4) in frozen solution (CH2Cl2/toluene 1 : 1, 70 K) allowed the identification of two conformers for this complex and their structural assignment using DFT calculations. The stability of these NHC complexes in both metal oxidation states, moderate oxidation potentials and the ease of detection of MnII species by a variety of spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR, paramagnetic 1H NMR, and ESR) make these compounds promising objects for applications as redox-active organometallic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Brousses
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Ruiz‐Zambrana C, Gutiérrez‐Blanco A, Gonell S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Redox‐Switchable Cycloisomerization of Alkynoic Acids with Napthalenediimide‐Derived N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- César Ruiz‐Zambrana
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez‐Blanco
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Sergio Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
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14
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Ruiz-Zambrana C, Gutiérrez-Blanco A, Gonell S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Redox-Switchable Cycloisomerization of Alkynoic Acids with Napthalenediimide-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20003-20011. [PMID: 34255909 PMCID: PMC8457061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two naphthalene‐diimide (NDI) bis‐imidazolium salts have been used as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors for the preparation of NDI‐functionalized complexes of rhodium and iridium of general formula [MCl(NDI‐NHC)(COD)] (M=Rh, Ir; NDI‐NHC=NDI‐functionalized NHC ligand). Comparison of the IR spectra of the complexes [IrCl(NDI‐NHC)(CO)2] and their related one‐ and two‐electron reduced forms, reveal that each one‐electron reduction produces a decrease of the average ν(CO) of 9–10 cm−1, indicating a significant enhancement of the electron‐richness of the metal. The [MCl(NDI‐NHC)(COD)] complexes were tested in the catalytic cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids. The one‐electron reduced forms showed greatly enhanced activities. For the cyclization of 5‐hexynoic acid, the two‐electron reduction of the ligand produced further enhancement of the catalytic activity, therefore showing that the catalyst can switch between three redox species with three distinct catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Ruiz-Zambrana
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Blanco
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Sergio Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
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15
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Piesch M, Reichl S, Riesinger C, Seidl M, Balazs G, Scheer M. Redox Chemistry of Heterobimetallic Polypnictogen Triple-Decker Complexes - Rearrangement, Fragmentation and Transfer. Chemistry 2021; 27:9129-9140. [PMID: 33857335 PMCID: PMC8360055 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The redox chemistry of the heterobimetallic triple‐decker complexes [(Cp*Fe)(Cp′′′Co)(μ,η5:η4‐E5)] (E=P (1), As (2), Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethyl‐cyclopentadienyl, Cp′′′=1,2,4‐tri‐tertbutyl‐cyclopentadienyl) and [(Cp′′′Co)(Cp′′′Ni)(μ,η3:η3‐E3)] (E=P (10), As (11)) was investigated. Compound 1 and 2 could be oxidized to the monocations 3 and 4 and further to the dications 5 and 6, while the initially folded cyclo‐E5 ligand planarizes upon oxidation. The reduction leads to an opposite change in the geometry of the middle deck, which is now folded stronger into the direction of the other metal fragment (formation of monoanions 7 and 8). For the arsenic compound 8, a different behavior is found since a fragmentation into an As6 (9) and As3 ligand complex occurs. The Co and Ni triple‐decker complexes 10 and 11 can be oxidized initially to the heterometallic monocations 12 and 13, which are not stable in solution and convert selectively into the homometallic nickel complexes 14 and 15 and the cobalt complexes 16 and 17. This behavior was further proven by the oxidation of [(Cp′′′Co)(Cp′′Ni)(μ,η3:η2‐P3)] (19, Cp′′=1,3‐di‐tertbutyl‐cyclopentadienyl) comprising two different Cp ligands. The transfer of {CpRM} fragments can be suppressed when a {W(CO)5} unit is coordinated to the P3 ligand (20) prior to the oxidation and the mixed cobalt and nickel cation 21 can be isolated. The reduction of 10 and 11 yields the heterometallic monoanions 22 and 23, where no transfer of the {CpRM} fragments is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Piesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Riesinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabor Balazs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Huang Y, Hu C, Zhou Y, Duan R, Sun Z, Wan P, Xiao C, Pang X, Chen X. Monomer Controlled Switchable Copolymerization: A Feasible Route for the Functionalization of Poly(lactide). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yanchuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Ranlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Pengqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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17
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Huang Y, Hu C, Zhou Y, Duan R, Sun Z, Wan P, Xiao C, Pang X, Chen X. Monomer Controlled Switchable Copolymerization: A Feasible Route for the Functionalization of Poly(lactide). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9274-9278. [PMID: 33580552 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Switchable polymerization is an attractive strategy to enable the sequential selectivity of multi-block polyesters. Besides, these well-defined multi-block polyesters could enable further modification for wider applications. Herein, based on the reversible insertion of CO2 by Salen-MnIII , a new monomer controlled self-switchable polymerization route was developed. Chemoselective ring opening copolymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides (OCAs) and lactide (LA) was explored without cocatalyst. The sequential conversion of OCAs and LA into the polymer chain could form multi-block polyesters. Based on this strategy, a series of multi-block polyesters with different pendant groups were synthesized. Furthermore, by modifying the propargyl-containing copolymers with quaternary ammonium groups, we have realized antibacterial functionalization of PLA. These results imply the potential application of this strategy for the fabrication of functional polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ranlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Pengqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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18
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Maity R, Birenheide BS, Breher F, Sarkar B. Cooperative Effects in Multimetallic Complexes Applied in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramananda Maity
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Bernhard S. Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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19
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Deng S, Diaconescu PL. A switchable dimeric yttrium complex and its three catalytic states in ring opening polymerization. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric yttrium phenoxide complex can be oxidized in a stepwise fashion to access three oxidation states. The three states show different activity in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Deng
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Los Angeles
- USA
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20
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Chatterjee B, Chang WC, Jena S, Werlé C. Implementation of Cooperative Designs in Polarized Transition Metal Systems—Significance for Bond Activation and Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wei-Chieh Chang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Soumyashree Jena
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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21
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Regenauer NI, Jänner S, Wadepohl H, Roşca D. Ein redoxaktives, heterobimetallisches N‐heterocyclisches Carben auf Basis eines Bis(imino)pyrazin‐Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Sven Jänner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Dragoş‐Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Insitut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 276 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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22
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Regenauer NI, Jänner S, Wadepohl H, Roşca D. A Redox-Active Heterobimetallic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based on a Bis(imino)pyrazine Ligand Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19320-19328. [PMID: 32672368 PMCID: PMC7590088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new redox-active N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) architecture is obtained using N-methylated pyrazinediimine iron complexes as precursors. The new species exhibit strong π-accepting/σ-donating properties and are able to ligate two metal centres simultaneously. The redox activity was demonstrated by the reversible chemical oxidation of a heterobimetallic Fe0 /RhI example, which affords an isolable ligand-based radical cation. The reversible redox process was then applied in the catalytic hydrosilylation of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, where the reaction rate could be reversibly controlled as a function of the catalyst oxidation state. The new NHC exhibits high electrophilicity and nucleophilicity, which was demonstrated in the reversible activation of alcohols and amines. The electronic structure of the resulting complexes was investigated through various spectroscopic and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sven Jänner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dragoş‐Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27669120HeidelbergGermany
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23
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Zhang Y, Woods TJ, Rauchfuss TB. Application of Hemilabile Ligands to “At-Metal Switching” Hydrogenation Catalysis. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Toby J. Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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24
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Straube A, Coburger P, Dütsch L, Hey-Hawkins E. Triple the fun: tris(ferrocenyl)arene-based gold(i) complexes for redox-switchable catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10657-10668. [PMID: 34094320 PMCID: PMC8162263 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03604h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The modular syntheses of C3-symmetric tris(ferrocenyl)arene-based tris-phosphanes and their homotrinuclear gold(i) complexes are reported. Choosing the arene core allows fine-tuning of the exact oxidation potentials and thus tailoring of the electrochemical response. The tris[chloridogold(i)] complexes were investigated in the catalytic ring-closing isomerisation of N-(2-propyn-1-yl)benzamide, showing cooperative behaviour vs. a mononuclear chloridogold(i) complex. Adding one, two, or three equivalents of 1,1′-diacetylferrocenium[tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate] as an oxidant during the catalytic reaction (in situ) resulted in a distinct, stepwise influence on the resulting catalytic rates. Isolation of the oxidised species is possible, and using them as (pre-)catalysts (ex situ oxidation) confirmed the activity trend. Proving the intactness of the P–Au–Cl motif during oxidation, the tri-oxidised benzene-based complex has been structurally characterised. Trinuclear gold(i) complexes of C3-symmetric tris(ferrocenyl)arene-based tris-phosphanes with four accessible oxidation states catalyse the ring-closing isomerisation of N-(2-propyn-1-yl)benzamide with different rates depending on their redox state.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Straube
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany https://anorganik.chemie.unileipzig.de/de/anorganik/ak-hey-hawkins/
| | - Peter Coburger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany https://anorganik.chemie.unileipzig.de/de/anorganik/ak-hey-hawkins/
| | - Luis Dütsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany https://anorganik.chemie.unileipzig.de/de/anorganik/ak-hey-hawkins/
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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26
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Popp J, Caminade A, Hey‐Hawkins E. Redox‐Switchable Transfer Hydrogenations with
P
‐Chiral Dendritic Ferrocenyl Phosphine Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Popp
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Anne‐Marie Caminade
- BP 44099 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS 205 Route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
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27
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Lai A, Hern ZC, Diaconescu PL. Switchable Ring‐Opening Polymerization by a Ferrocene Supported Aluminum Complex. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zachary C. Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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28
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Palomero OE, Jones RA. 1,1′-Dicarbodiimidoferrocenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Group IV 1,1′-Bisguanidinateferrocene Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Richard A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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29
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Shen Y, Shepard SM, Reed CJ, Diaconescu PL. Zirconium complexes supported by a ferrocene-based ligand as redox switches for hydroamination reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5587-5590. [PMID: 31020301 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1'-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxy)ferrocene) and its catalytic activity for intramolecular hydroamination are reported. In situ oxidation and reduction of the metal complex results in reactivity towards different substrates. The reduced form of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 catalyzes hydroamination reactions of primary aminoalkenes, whereas the oxidized form catalyzes hydroamination reactions of secondary aminoalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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30
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Kaufmann S, Radius M, Moos E, Breher F, Roesky PW. Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes of Ferrocenyl-Functionalized Amidinates and Bis(amidinates): κ2N-Coordination Versus Ferrocenyl Ortho-Metalation. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Moos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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31
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Veit P, Volkert C, Förster C, Ksenofontov V, Schlicher S, Bauer M, Heinze K. Gold(ii) in redox-switchable gold(i) catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4615-4618. [PMID: 30860529 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold(ii) species catalyse the cyclisation of N(2-propyn-1-yl)benzamide to 2-phenyl-5-vinylidene-2-oxazoline without halide abstraction while the saturated gold(i) complex is inactive. Redox-switching between gold(ii) and gold(i) turns catalytic turnover on and off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Veit
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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32
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Photoswitchable catalysis based on the isomerisation of double bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6477-6486. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01891c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable catalysis is a young but rapidly evolving field that offers great potential for non-invasive dynamic control of both activity and selectivity in catalysis. This Feature Article summarises the key developments accomplished over the past years through the incorporation of photoswitchable double bonds into the structure of catalytically competent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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33
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Ryu Y, Ahumada G, Bielawski CW. Redox- and light-switchable N-heterocyclic carbenes: a “soup-to-nuts” course on contemporary structure–activity relationships. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4451-4466. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article offers in-depth, design-to-application discussions of redox-switchable N-heterocyclic carbenes that have been field tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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34
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35
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An unexpected formation of a Ru(III) benzylidene complex during activation of a LatMet-type ring-opening polymerisation catalyst. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Hanauer K, Förster C, Heinze K. Redox-Controlled Stabilization of an Open-Shell Intermediate in a Bioinspired Enzyme Model. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hanauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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37
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Qi M, Dong Q, Wang D, Byers JA. Electrochemically Switchable Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide and Cyclohexene Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5686-5690. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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38
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Ruamps M, Bastin S, Rechignat L, Sournia-Saquet A, Valyaev DA, Mouesca JM, Lugan N, Maurel V, César V. Unveiling the redox-active character of imidazolin-2-thiones derived from amino-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7653-7656. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, structural and computational studies on the amino-substituted imidazolin-2-thiones reveal the imidazolyl ring to be redox active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Ruamps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse cedex 4
- France
| | - Stéphanie Bastin
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse cedex 4
- France
| | - Lionel Rechignat
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse cedex 4
- France
| | | | | | | | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse cedex 4
- France
| | | | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse
- INPT
- UPS
- 31077 Toulouse cedex 4
- France
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39
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Arif T, Cazorla C, Bogliotti N, Saleh N, Blanchard F, Gandon V, Métivier R, Xie J, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. Bimetallic gold(i) complexes of photoswitchable phosphines: synthesis and uses in cooperative catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01614j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first photoswitchable bimetallic gold catalysts based on an azobenzene backbone have been synthesized and their catalytic properties have been investigated.
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40
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Hölzel T, Otto M, Buhl H, Ganter C. An Extremely Electron Poor Cationic Triazoliumylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Experimental and Computational Studies. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Hölzel
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Otto
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannes Buhl
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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41
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Teator AJ, Bielawski CW. Remote control grubbs catalysts that modulate ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill North Carolina27599
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
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42
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Feyrer A, Armbruster MK, Fink K, Breher F. Metal Complexes of a Redox-Active [1]Phosphaferrocenophane: Structures, Electrochemistry and Redox-Induced Catalysis. Chemistry 2017; 23:7402-7408. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Feyrer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Division Molecular Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Markus K. Armbruster
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3630; 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3630; 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Division Molecular Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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43
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Klenk S, Rupf S, Suntrup L, van der Meer M, Sarkar B. The Power of Ferrocene, Mesoionic Carbenes, and Gold: Redox-Switchable Catalysis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Klenk
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Rupf
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarethe van der Meer
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Aucamp D, Witteler T, Dielmann F, Siangwata S, Liles DC, Smith GS, Bezuidenhout DI. A Triarylated 1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidene Ligand with a Redox-Active Ferrocenyl Substituent for Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 1-Octene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Aucamp
- Chemistry Department; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Tim Witteler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Shepherd Siangwata
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - David C. Liles
- Chemistry Department; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Daniela I. Bezuidenhout
- Chemistry Department; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; 2050 Johannesburg South Africa
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45
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Lastovickova DN, Shao H, Lu G, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst That Exhibits Redox-Switchable Monomer Selectivities. Chemistry 2017; 23:5994-6000. [PMID: 27977049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyst supported by a redox-active N-heterocyclic carbene was synthesized and found to undergo reversible reduction. In its neutral form, the catalyst polymerized 1,5-cis,cis-cyclooctadiene at a higher rate than that of a norbornene derivative; however, upon reduction, the selectivity was found to reverse. Utilizing this oxidation state dependent selectivity, a series of copolymers with controlled compositions, microstructures, and physical properties were prepared by redox-switching the catalyst over the course of a series of polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika N Lastovickova
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1590, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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46
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Abstract
It is well-recognized that N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have provided a new dimension to the design of homogeneous catalysts. Part of the success of this type of ligands resides in the limitless access to a variety of topologies with tuned electronic properties, but also in the ability of a family of NHCs that are able to adapt their properties to the specific requirements of individual catalytic transformations. The term "smart" is used here to refer to switchable, multifunctional, adaptable, or tunable ligands and, in general, to all those ligands that are able to modify their steric or electronic properties to fulfill the requirements of a defined catalytic reaction. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively describe all types of smart NHC ligands by focusing attention on the catalytically relevant ligand-based reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials , Universitat Jaume I , Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n , Castellón E-12071 , Spain
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47
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Walz F, Moos E, Garnier D, Köppe R, Anson CE, Breher F. A Redox-Switchable Germylene and its Ligating Properties in Selected Transition Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1173-1186. [PMID: 27883244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and full characterization of a redox-switchable germylene based on a [3]ferrocenophane ligand arrangement, [Fc(NMes)2 Ge] (4), is presented. The mesityl (Mes)-substituted title compound is readily available from Fc(NHMes)2 (2) and Ge{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 , or from the dilithiated, highly air- and moisture-sensitive compound Fc(NLiMes)2 ⋅3 Et2 O (3) and GeCl2 . Cyclic voltammetry studies are provided for 4, confirming the above-mentioned view of a redox-switchable germylene metalloligand. Although several 1:1 RhI and IrI complexes of 4 (5-7) are cleanly formed in solution, all attempts to isolate them in pure form failed due to stability problems. However, crystalline solids of [Mo(κ1 Ge-4)2 (CO)4 ] (8) and [W(κ1 Ge-4)2 (CO)4 ] (9) were isolated and fully characterized by common spectroscopic techniques (8 by X-ray diffraction). DFT calculations were performed on a series of model compounds to elucidate a conceivable interplay between the metal atoms in neutral and cationic bimetallic complexes of the type [Rh(κ1 E-qE)(CO)2 Cl]0/+ (qE=[Fc(NPh)2 E] with E=C, Si, Ge). The bonding characteristics of the coordinated Fc-based metalloligands (qE/qE+ ) are strongly affected upon in silico oxidation of the calculated complexes. The calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) significantly increases by approximately 20 cm-1 (E=C) to 25 cm-1 (E=Si, Ge) upon oxidation. The change in the ligand-donating abilities upon oxidation can mainly be attributed to Coulombic effects, whereas an orbital-based interaction appears to have only a minor influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Walz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Moos
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher E Anson
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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48
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Oetzel J, Weyer N, Bruhn C, Leibold M, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Maier M, Winter RF, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. Redox-Active N-Heterocyclic Germylenes and Stannylenes with a Ferrocene-1,1'-diyl Backbone. Chemistry 2017; 23:1187-1199. [PMID: 27859833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η5 -C5 H4 )NR}2 E:] (1 RE; E=Ge, Sn; R=neopentyl (Np), mesityl (Mes), trimethylsilyl (TMS)), which constitute the first examples of redox-functionalised N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (NHTs). These compounds are thermally stable and were structurally characterised by means of X-ray diffraction studies, except for the neopentyl-substituted stannylene 1 NpSn, the decomposition of which afforded the aminoiminoferrocene [fc(NHCH2 tBu)(N=CHtBu)] (2) and the spiro tin(IV) compound (1 Np)2 Sn (3). DFT calculations show that the HOMO of the NHTs of our study is localised on the ferrocenylene backbone. A one-electron oxidation process affords ions of the type 1 RE+. . In contrast to the NHC system 1 RC, the localised ferrocenium-type nature of the oxidised form does not compromise the fundamental tetrylene character of 1 RE+. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nadine Weyer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Birgit Gerke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Maier
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganisch und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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49
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Grudzień K, Trzaskowski B, Smoleń M, Gajda R, Woźniak K, Grela K. Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst analogues bearing the derivatives of N-phenylpyrrol in the carbene ligand – structure, stability, activity and unique ruthenium–phenyl interactions. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11790-11799. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Phenylpyrrole-2,6-diisopropylphenyl ruthenium complex and its perbrominated derivative are active in ring-closing metathesis at 80 °C, but inactive at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Grudzień
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - B. Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- 02-097 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - M. Smoleń
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - R. Gajda
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - K. Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - K. Grela
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
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50
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Lastovickova DN, Teator AJ, Shao H, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A redox-switchable ring-closing metathesis catalyst. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A ring-closing metathesis catalyst was arrested upon reduction of a redox-active ligand; subsequent oxidation restored catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- 1 University Station
- Austin
- USA
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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