1
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Zhang WY, Wang HC, Wang Y, Zheng C, You SL. Enantioselective Dearomatization of Indoles via SmI 2-Mediated Intermolecular Reductive Coupling with Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10314-10321. [PMID: 37126434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Samarium diiodide (SmI2) mediated reductive coupling reactions are powerful methods for the construction of carbon-carbon bond in organic synthesis. Despite the extensive development in recent decades, successful examples of the corresponding asymmetric reactions remained scarce, probably due to the involvement of highly reactive radical intermediates. In this Article, we report an enantioselective dearomatization of indoles via SmI2-mediated intermolecular reductive coupling with ketones. The utilization of samarium reductant supported by chiral tridentate aminodiol ligands allows the facile synthesis of indoline molecules bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers in high yields (up to 99%) and stereoselectivity (up to 99:1 er and >20:1 dr). Combined experimental and computational investigations suggested that parallel single-electron transfer to each substrate from the chiral samarium reductant allows the radical-radical recombination in an enantioselective manner, which is a unique mechanistic scenario in SmI2-mediated reductive coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hu-Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Hwang T, Tuccinardi JP, Beard AA, Jackson AC, Jung MJ, Wood JL. Total Syntheses of (±)-Dracocephalone A and (±)-Dracocequinones A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210821. [PMID: 36121442 PMCID: PMC9828498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Described herein are the first total syntheses of (±)-dracocephalone A (1) and (±)-dracocequinones A (4) and B (5). The synthesis was initially envisioned as proceeding through an intramolecular isobenzofuran Diels-Alder reaction, a strategy that eventually evolved into a Lewis acid-promoted spirocyclization. This highly diastereoselective transformation set the stage for trans-decalin formation and a late-stage Suárez oxidation that produced a [3.2.1] oxabicycle suited for conversion to 1. Brønsted acid-mediated aromatization, followed by a series of carefully choreographed oxidations, allowed for rearrangement to a [2.2.2] oxabicycle poised for conversion to 4 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Joseph P. Tuccinardi
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Alexandra A. Beard
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Amy C. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Min J. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - John L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
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3
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Rao CN, Reissig HU. Samarium(II)‐Promoted Cyclizations of Non‐activated Indolyl Sulfinyl Imines to Polycyclic Tertiary Carbinamines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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4
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Rao CN, Reissig H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Enantiopure HMPA Analogs in Samarium‐Diiodide‐Promoted Dearomatizations of N‐Acylated Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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5
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Babu SA, A R R, P R N, Omanakuttan VK, P R, Varughese S, John J. Unprecedented access to functionalized pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines from the domino reaction of isoquinolinium ylides and electrophilic benzannulated heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1807-1817. [PMID: 33565537 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have come across an unexpected reaction between electrophilic indoles and isoquinolinium methylides for accessing functionalized pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. The reaction was found in general to yield the products in good yields. We also observed the formation of S-S-bridged bis-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines from the reaction of 3-nitro benzothiophene and isoquinolinium methylides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba Ann Babu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rajalekshmi A R
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India.
| | - Nitha P R
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vishnu K Omanakuttan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rahul P
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Jubi John
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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6
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Yuan WC, Zhou XJ, Zhao JQ, Chen YZ, You Y, Wang ZH. Catalytic Enantioselective Dearomatization/Rearomatization of 2-Nitroindoles to Access 3-Indolyl-3′-Aryl-/Alkyloxindoles: Application in the Formal Synthesis of Cyclotryptamine Alkaloids. Org Lett 2020; 22:7088-7093. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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7
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Beemelmanns C, Nitsch D, Bentz C, Reissig HU. Stereoselective Cascade Cyclizations with Samarium Diiodide to Tetracyclic Indolines: Precursors of Fluorostrychnines and Brucine. Chemistry 2019; 25:8780-8789. [PMID: 31033048 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of γ-indolylketones with fluorine, cyano or alkoxy substituents at the benzene moiety was prepared and subjected to samarium diiodide-promoted cyclization reactions. The desired dearomatizing ketyl cascade reaction forming two new rings proceeded in all cases with high diastereoselectivity, but with differing product distribution. In most cases, the desired annulated tetracyclic compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields, but as second product tetracyclic spirolactones were isolated in up to 29 % yield. The reaction rate was influenced by the substituents at the benzene moiety of the substrate as expected, with electron-accepting groups accelerating and electron-donating groups decelerating the cyclization process. In case of a difluoro-substituted γ-indolylketone a partial defluorination was observed. The intermediate samarium enolate of the tetracyclic products could be trapped by adding reactive alkylating agents as electrophiles delivering products with quarternary carbons. In the case of a dimethoxy-substituted tetracyclic cyclization product a subsequent reductive amination stereoselectively provided a pentacyclic compound that was subsequently N-protected and subjected to a regioselective elimination. The obtained functionalized pentacyclic product should be convertible into the alkaloid brucine by four well-established steps. Overall, the presented report shows that functionalized tetracyclic compounds with different substituents are rapidly available with the samarium diiodide cascade cyclization as crucial step. Hence, analogues of the landmark alkaloid strychnine, for example, with specific fluorine substitutions, should be easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beemelmanns
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Nitsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Saya JM, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Total Synthesis of
Aspidosperma
and
Strychnos
Alkaloids through Indole Dearomatization. Chemistry 2019; 25:8916-8935. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordy M. Saya
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & SystemsVrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & SystemsVrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & SystemsVrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
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9
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Dierks A, Schmidtmann M, Christoffers J. Synthesis of Annulated Indolines by Reductive Fischer Indolization. Chemistry 2019; 25:5451-5462. [PMID: 30741459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic β-oxoesters and arylhydrazine derivatives were converted at ambient temperature under modified Fischer indolization conditions to furnish annulated indolines with quaternary bridgehead carbon center. Reaction conditions were Brønsted acidic (with CF3 CO2 H), but also reductive (with Et3 SiH). The latter reduced intermediate iminium ions under formation of the 2,3-dihydroindole product constitutions. Racemic products (13 examples) were obtained as single diastereoisomers with relative cis-configuration, which was proved in two cases by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Conversion of 4-bromo-1-indanone-2-carboxylate and 4-bromophenylhydrazine gave indeno[1,2-b]indolines with either 1-bromo, 8-bromo, or 1,8-dibromo substitution, which were further diversified by Suzuki coupling reactions with several arylboronic acids (nine examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dierks
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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10
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Zhao JQ, Yang L, You Y, Wang ZH, Xie KX, Zhang XM, Xu XY, Yuan WC. Phosphine-catalyzed dearomative (3 + 2) annulation of 2-nitrobenzofurans and nitrobenzothiophenes with allenoates. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5294-5304. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Ph2PMe-catalyzed dearomative (3 + 2) annulation of 2-nitrobenzofurans, 2-nitrobenzothiophenes, and 3-nitrobenzothiophenes with allenoates is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610106
- China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yong You
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610106
- China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu 610106
- China
| | - Ke-Xin Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu
- China
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11
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Yue DF, Zhao JQ, Chen YZ, Zhang XM, Xu XY, Yuan WC. Zinc-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomative [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 3-Nitrobenzothiophenes and 3-Nitrothieno[2,3-b]yridine with 3-Isothiocyanato Oxindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Feng Yue
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhao JQ, Zhou XJ, Zhou Y, Xu XY, Zhang XM, Yuan WC. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Dearomative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 2-Nitrobenzofurans with 3-Isothiocyanato Oxindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:909-912. [PMID: 29384383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective dearomative [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 2-nitrobenzofurans with 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles was developed. The reaction employs a chiral bis(oxazoline)/Zn(OTf)2 catalyst, allowing a practical, straightforward access to structurally diverse spirooxindoles containing a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran motif and three contiguous stereocenters with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The synthetic potentials of the method have been demonstrated by the scale-up experiment and transformations of the products. The preliminary mechanism was investigated with experimental observations, nonlinear effects studies, and MS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Li JS, Liu YJ, Li S, Ma JA. Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed direct asymmetric mannich reaction of cyclicC-acylimines with simple ketones: facile access to C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9151-9154. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed direct asymmetric Mannich reaction of simple ketones with cyclicC-acylimines has been established for the synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Yong-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
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14
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Achazi AJ, Andrae D, Reissig HU, Paulus B. A computational study of samarium diiodide-induced cyclizations of N-oxoalkyl-substituted methyl indole-3-carboxylates-A rationale of the diastereoselectivity. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2693-2700. [PMID: 28865099 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A detailed model for the reaction mechanism of the samarium diiodide (SmI2 ) mediated reductive coupling of N-oxoalkyl-substituted methyl indole-3-carboxylates is developed in this study by determining the Gibbs energies for the intermediates of possible reaction pathways. The Gibbs energies at ambient temperature are calculated with dispersion corrected density functional theory in combination with implicit (D-COSMO-RS) and explicit solvent description. Temperature dependent ro-vibrational contributions are considered with the help of statistical thermodynamics. In contrast to previous proposals for the reaction mechanism, the high diastereoselectivity in the cyclization is found to be due to the formation of an energetically highly favorable chelate complex in which the final relative configuration is already preformed. After cyclization and a second electron transfer, alkylation of the resulting anion takes place under kinetic control from the more "open" face whereas protonation is under thermodynamic control. The calculations are in good agreement with these experimental findings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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15
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide-Type Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14262-14266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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16
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide-Type Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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17
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Yue DF, Zhao JQ, Chen XZ, Zhou Y, Zhang XM, Xu XY, Yuan WC. Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Bifunctional Thiourea-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dearomative [4 + 2] Annulation of 3-Nitroindoles: Highly Enantioselective Access to Hydrocarbazole Skeletons. Org Lett 2017; 19:4508-4511. [PMID: 28809570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method for the enantioselective construction of hydrocarbazole skeletons through dearomative [4 + 2] annulation of 3-nitroindoles with Nazarov reagents is reported. The reactions use multiple hydrogen-bonding bifunctional thiourea as catalyst and are highly diastereo- and enantioselective (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). The protocol was demonstrated by preparative-scale experiment and the versatile conversion of the products. The multiple hydrogen-bonding in the catalyst plays a pivotal role in the reactivity and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Feng Yue
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106, China
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18
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Santhini PV, Babu SA, Krishnan R A, Suresh E, John J. Heteroannulation of 3-Nitroindoles and 3-Nitrobenzo[b]thiophenes: A Multicomponent Approach toward Pyrrole-Fused Heterocycles. Org Lett 2017; 19:2458-2461. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Santhini
- Organic
Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 19, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 19, India
| | - Sheba Ann Babu
- Organic
Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 19, India
| | - Akhil Krishnan R
- Organic
Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 19, India
| | - E. Suresh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364 002, India
| | - Jubi John
- Organic
Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 19, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram 19, India
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19
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Hauduc C, Bélanger G. General Approach toward Aspidospermatan-Type Alkaloids Using One-Pot Vilsmeier–Haack Cyclization and Azomethine Ylide Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4703-4712. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Hauduc
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke 2500 boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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20
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Dearomatizing Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron-Transfer Reduction of Amide-Type Carbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1661-1667. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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21
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22
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Wyler B, Brucelle F, Renaud P. Preparation of the Core Structure of Aspidosperma and Strychnos Alkaloids from Aryl Azides by a Cascade Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2016; 18:1370-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wyler
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - François Brucelle
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Marsch N, Jones PG, Lindel T. SmI2-mediated dimerization of indolylbutenones and synthesis of the myxobacterial natural product indiacen B. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1700-6. [PMID: 26664588 PMCID: PMC4660955 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of indole derivatives substituted in the benzene section was studied. Starting materials 4- and 6-iodoindole were conveniently prepared via the Batcho–Leimgruber route and purified by sublimation. Novel vicinally indolyl-substituted cyclopentanols with unexpected cis-configuration were formed by SmI2-mediated reductive dimerization of a 4-(indol-6-yl)butenone, obtained by Heck reaction. The two indolyl units appear to chelate Sm(II)/(III) leading to a gauche-type arrangement at the newly formed bond between the two β-carbons. Through a sequence of Sonogashira cross coupling and Meyer–Schuster rearrangement 6-prenoylindole was synthesized and reductively dimerized to a cyclopentane in a [3 + 2] cycloaddition by treatment with SmI2 in THF. From 4-iodoindole, the natural product indiacen B from the myxobacterium Sandaracinus amylolyticus was synthesized for the first time, confirming its antimicrobial activity. The E-configuration of the chloroalkene moiety of indiacen B was confirmed by X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Marsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany,
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany,
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24
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Rao CN, Bentz C, Reissig H. Lithium Bromide/Water as Additives in Dearomatizing Samarium‐Ketyl (Hetero)Arene Cyclizations. Chemistry 2015; 21:15951-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Christoph Bentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
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25
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Abstract
Strychnine stands out from the group of classical natural products as one of the first complex compounds to be isolated in pure form and an extreme challenge to be structurally characterized. It has played a central role in natural product total syntheses and the surge in the development of innovative synthetic methods for many decades. Recently, we have accomplished one of the shortest formal total syntheses of strychnine (in ten steps and 14% overall yield or even shorter in eight steps and 10% overall yield). The evolution of a productive synthetic strategy, as well as the synthetic challenges tackled, are described here in detail, including examples of related transformations. The successful synthetic strategy was inspired by the premise that the core structure could be derived from simple aromatic indole precursors by a reductive SmI2 -induced ketyl-aryl coupling. Other key reactions included a diastereoselective reduction and a regioselective elimination protocol. Altogether one of the shortest syntheses of iso-strychnine and hence of strychnine was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Mühmel S, Alpers D, Hoffmann F, Brasholz M. Iridium(III) Photocatalysis: A Visible-Light-Induced Dearomatizative Tandem [4+2] Cyclization to Furnish Benzindolizidines. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26211917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic dearomatizative tandem [4+2] cyclization between N-(2-iodoethyl)indoles and a variety of alkenes leads to tri- and tetracyclic benzindolizidines with high diastereoselectivity and yield. The intermolecular annulation reaction is performed under visible-light irradiation and employs [Ir(ppy)3] or [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2] PF6 as photocatalysts, in combination with tertiary amines as electron and hydrogen atom donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mühmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Dirk Alpers
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Malte Brasholz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg (Germany).
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27
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Bailey GA, Fogg DE. Acrylate metathesis via the second-generation Grubbs catalyst: unexpected pathways enabled by a PCy3-generated enolate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7318-21. [PMID: 26030596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diverse applications of acrylate metathesis range from synthesis of high-value α,β-unsaturated esters to depolymerization of unsaturated polymers. Examined here are unexpected side reactions promoted by the important Grubbs catalyst GII. Evidence is presented for attack of PCy3 on the acrylate olefin to generate a reactive carbanion, which participates in multiple pathways, including further Michael addition, proton abstraction, and catalyst deactivation. Related chemistry may be anticipated whenever labile metal-phosphine complexes are used to catalyze reactions of substrates bearing an electron-deficient olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Bailey
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
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28
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Beemelmanns C, Reissig HU. Evolution of a Short Route to Strychnine by Using the Samarium-Diiodide-Induced Cascade Cyclization as a Key Step. Chemistry 2015; 21:8416-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Rao CN, Lentz D, Reißig HU. Synthese polycyclischer tertiärer Carbinamine durch Samariumdiiodid-vermittelte Cyclisierungen von Indolylsulfinyliminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Rao CN, Lentz D, Reissig HU. Synthesis of Polycyclic Tertiary Carbinamines by Samarium Diiodide Mediated Cyclizations of Indolyl Sulfinyl Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2750-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Awata A, Arai T. PyBidine/Copper Catalyst: Asymmetricexo′-Selective [3+2] Cycloaddition using Imino Ester and Electrophilic Indole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10462-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Awata A, Arai T. PyBidine/Copper Catalyst: Asymmetricexo′-Selective [3+2] Cycloaddition using Imino Ester and Electrophilic Indole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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A Concise and Versatile Synthesis of Alkaloids fromKopsia tenuis: Total Synthesis of (±)-Lundurine A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5569-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Szostak M, Fazakerley NJ, Parmar D, Procter DJ. Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Samarium(II) Iodide. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5959-6039. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400685r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Neal J. Fazakerley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dixit Parmar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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35
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Zhao YL, Wang Y, Cao J, Liang YM, Xu PF. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael–Michael Cascade for the Construction of Highly Functionalized N-Fused Piperidinoindoline Derivatives. Org Lett 2014; 16:2438-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5008185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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36
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Arai S, Nakajima M, Nishida A. A Concise and Versatile Synthesis of Alkaloids fromKopsia tenuis: Total Synthesis of (±)-Lundurine A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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