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Ben Toumia I, Bachetti T, Chekir-Ghedira L, Profumo A, Ponassi M, Di Domizio A, Izzotti A, Sciacca S, Puglisi C, Forte S, Giuffrida R, Colarossi C, Milardi D, Grasso G, Lanza V, Fiordoro S, Drago G, Tkachenko K, Cardinali B, Romano P, Iervasi E, Vargas GC, Barboro P, Kohnke FH, Rosano C. Fraisinib: a calixpyrrole derivative reducing A549 cell-derived NSCLC tumor in vivo acts as a ligand of the glycine-tRNA synthase, a new molecular target in oncology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1258108. [PMID: 38235113 PMCID: PMC10791888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in both men and women, constituting a major public health problem worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for 85%-90% of all lung cancers. We propose a compound that successfully fights tumor growth in vivo by targeting the enzyme GARS1. Experimental approach: We present an in-depth investigation of the mechanism through which Fraisinib [meso-(p-acetamidophenyl)-calix(4)pyrrole] affects the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. In a xenografted model of non-small-cell lung cancer, Fraisinib was found to reduce tumor mass volume without affecting the vital parameters or body weight of mice. Through a computational approach, we uncovered that glycyl-tRNA synthetase is its molecular target. Differential proteomics analysis further confirmed that pathways regulated by Fraisinib are consistent with glycyl-tRNA synthetase inhibition. Key results: Fraisinib displays a strong anti-tumoral potential coupled with limited toxicity in mice. Glycyl-tRNA synthetase has been identified and validated as a protein target of this compound. By inhibiting GARS1, Fraisinib modulates different key biological processes involved in tumoral growth, aggressiveness, and invasiveness. Conclusion and implications: The overall results indicate that Fraisinib is a powerful inhibitor of non-small-cell lung cancer growth by exerting its action on the enzyme GARS1 while displaying marginal toxicity in animal models. Together with the proven ability of this compound to cross the blood-brain barrier, we can assess that Fraisinib can kill two birds with one stone: targeting the primary tumor and its metastases "in one shot." Taken together, we suggest that inhibiting GARS1 expression and/or GARS1 enzymatic activity may be innovative molecular targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aldo Profumo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Forte
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | | | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanza
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiordoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Drago
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Romano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Paola Barboro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Franz Heinrich Kohnke
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Aryl- and Superaryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: From Syntheses to Potential Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:7. [PMID: 36607442 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of aryl substituents at the meso-positions of calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) scaffolds produces aryl-extended (AE) and super-aryl-extended (SAE) calix[4]pyrroles. The cone conformation of the all-α isomers of "multi-wall" AE-C4Ps and SAE-C4Ps displays deep aromatic clefts or cavities. In particular, "four-wall" receptors feature an aromatic polar cavity closed at one end with four convergent pyrrole rings and fully open at the opposite end. This makes AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds effective receptors for the molecular recognition of negatively charged ions and neutral guest molecules with donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonding motifs. In addition, adequately functionalized all-α isomers of multi wall AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds self-assemble into uni-molecular and supra-molecular aggregates displaying capsular and cage-like structures. The self-assembly process requires the presence of template ions or molecules that lock the C4P cone conformation and complementing the inner polar functions and volumes of their cavities. We envisioned performing an in-depth revision of AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds owing to their importance in different domains such as supramolecular chemistry, biology, material sciences and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herewith, besides the synthetic details on the elaboration of their structures, we also draw attention to their diverse applications. The organization of this review is mainly based on the number of "walls" present in the AE-C4P derivatives and their structural modifications. The sections are further divided based on the C4P functions and applications. The authors are convinced that this review will be of interest to researchers working in the general area of supramolecular chemistry as well as those involved in the study of the binding properties and applications of C4P derivatives.
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3
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Lai Z, Zhao T, Sessler JL, He Q. Bis–Calix[4]pyrroles: Preparation, structure, complexation properties and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz H. Kohnke
- Department CHIBIOFARAM; University of Messina; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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5
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Chen W, Guo C, He Q, Chi X, Lynch VM, Zhang Z, Su J, Tian H, Sessler JL. Molecular Cursor Caliper: A Fluorescent Sensor for Dicarboxylate Dianions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14798-14806. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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6
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Design and synthesis ethynyl ferrocene-based multifunctional chemosensors for fluoride anion. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Kondo SI, Nakadai Y, Unno M. Recognition of dicarboxylates in aqueous acetonitrile by a dinuclear zinc(II) complex of 2,2’-binaphthalene-based receptor. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1522445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Kondo
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science,Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakadai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masafumi Unno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
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8
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A novel calix[4]pyrrole derivative as a potential anticancer agent that forms genotoxic adducts with DNA. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11075. [PMID: 30038406 PMCID: PMC6056420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
meso-(p-acetamidophenyl)-calix[4]pyrrole 3 was found to exhibit remarkable cytotoxicity towards A549 cancer cells. A comparative study including the isomer of 3 meso-(m-acetamidophenyl)-calix[4]pyrrole 5, as well as molecules containing 'fragments' of these structures, demonstrated that both the calix[4]pyrrole and the acetamidophenyl units are essential for high cytotoxicity. Although calix[4]pyrroles and other anion-complexing ionophores have recently been reported to induce apoptosis by perturbing cellular chloride concentrations, in our study an alternative mechanism has emerged, as proven by the isolation of covalent DNA adducts revealed by the 32P postlabelling technique. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies indicate that 3 is able to cross the Blood-Brain-Barrier, therefore being a potential drug that could kill primary and brain metastatic cancer cells simultaneously.
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9
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Escobar L, Arroyave FA, Ballester P. Synthesis and Binding Studies of a Tetra-α Aryl-Extended Photoresponsive Calix[4]pyrrole Receptor Bearing meso
-Alkyl Substituents. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Escobar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Frank A. Arroyave
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08018 Barcelona Spain
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Chakraborty S, Saha S, Lima LMP, Warzok U, Sarkar S, Akhuli B, Nandi M, Bej S, Adarsh NN, Schalley CA, Delgado R, Ghosh P. Polyamide-Polyamine Cryptand as Dicarboxylate Receptor: Dianion Binding Studies in the Solid State, in Solution, and in the Gas Phase. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10007-10014. [PMID: 28845671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamide-polyamine hybrid macrobicycle L is explored with respect to its ability to bind α,ω-dicarboxylate anions. Potentiometric studies of protonated L with the series of dianions from succinate (suc2-) through glutarate (glu2-), α-ketoglutarate (kglu2-), adipate (adi2-), pimelate (pim2-), suberate (sub2-), to azelate (aze2-) have shown adipate preference with association constant value of K = 4900 M-1 in a H2O/DMSO (50:50 v/v) binary solvent mixture. The binding constant increases from glu2- to adi2- and then continuously decreases with the length of the anion chain. Further, potentiometric studies suggest that hydrogen bonding between the guest anions and the amide/ammonium protons of the receptor also contributes to the stability of the associations along with electrostatic interactions. Negative-mode electrospray ionization of aqueous solutions of host-guest complexes shows clear evidence for the selective formation of 1:1 complexes. Single-crystal X-ray structures of complexes of the receptor with glutaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, and azelaic acid assist to understand the observed binding preferences. The solid-state structures reveal a size/shape complementarity between the host and the dicarboxylate anions, which is nicely reflected in the solution state binding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Luís M P Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Ulrike Warzok
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freien Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin ( Germany )
| | - Sayan Sarkar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Bidyut Akhuli
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Mandira Nandi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Somnath Bej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Nayarassery N Adarsh
- Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) , Edifici ICN2, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Spain
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freien Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin ( Germany )
| | - Rita Delgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, I ndian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, India
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11
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Kondo SI, Endo K, Iioka J, Sato K, Matsuta Y. UV–vis and fluorescence detection by receptors based on an isophthalamide bearing a phenylethynyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Sareen D, Lee JH, Hwang H, Yoo S, Lee CH. Ion-mediated single-molecular optical switching and sensing based on the fluorophore-tethered calix[4]pyrrole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5852-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01679k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetrically meso-aryl substituted “two-walled” calix[4]pyrrole is explored as a single-site sequential ‘on–off–on–off’ fluorescent switch with sub-nanomolar sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sareen
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Soeun Yoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University
- Chun Cheon 200-701
- Korea
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Yadav S, Kumar S, Gupta R. Manganese Complexes of Pyrrole‐ and Indolecarboxamide Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemistry, and Applications in Oxidative and Lewis‐Acid‐Assisted Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India, http://people.du.ac.in/~rgupta/
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Galán A, Valderrey V, Ballester P. Ordered co-encapsulation of chloride with polar neutral guests in a tetraurea calix[4]pyrrole dimeric capsule. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6325-6333. [PMID: 30090250 PMCID: PMC6054108 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A calix[4]pyrrole tetraurea, a polar guest and methyltrioctylammonium chloride quantitatively self-assemble in two different complexes in response to the components' stoichiometry.
In this work, we describe the stoichiometrically controlled self-assembly process of tetraurea calix[4]pyrrole 1 with a polar neutral guest, trimethylamine N-oxide or beta-alanine betaine, and methyltrioctylammonium chloride (MTOACl) salt into two supramolecular architectures which differ in morphology and stoichiometry. Whereas an equimolar solution of tetraurea calixpyrrole 1, polar guest and MTOACl produces a four-particle inclusion assembly, a mixture of the same components in a 2 : 1 : 1 molar ratio induces the formation of a dimeric capsular assembly displaying multiple guests which are orderly co-encapsulated. The influence of other polar guests and ammonium salts on the self-assembly process is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Galán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avgda. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Virginia Valderrey
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avgda. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avgda. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain . .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) , Passeig Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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15
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Sun JJ, Han Y, Sun J, Yan CG. Synthesis and crystal structure of Ni, Cu complexes of 5-methyl-10,10,15,15,20,20-hexaethylcalix[4]pyrrole mono-Schiff bases. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Saha I, Lee JT, Lee CH. Recent Advancements in Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Anion-Receptor Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Cafeo G, Kohnke FH, Mezzatesta G, Profumo A, Rosano C, Villari A, White AJP. Host-Guest Chemistry of a Bis-Calix[4]pyrrole Derivative Containing atrans/cis-Switchable Azobenzene Unit with Several Aliphatic Bis-Carboxylates. Chemistry 2015; 21:5323-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Waidely E, Pumilia C, Malagon A, Vargas EF, Li S, Leblanc RM. Host-guest complexation of a pyrogallol[4]arene derivative at the air-water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1368-1375. [PMID: 25588110 DOI: 10.1021/la504841u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The host-guest properties of acetylated aryl pyrogallol[4]arene (AcPy) were studied as a Langmuir monolayer at the air-water interface. The self-assembled Langmuir monolayer properties and interactions with monovalent and divalent metal cations were investigated using surface pressure- and surface potential-area isotherms, compression-decompression cycles, stability, and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). A favorable interaction is observed for complexation between acetylated aryl pyrogallol[4]arene with divalent calcium and cadmium cations, while no interaction is observed for monovalent sodium and potassium cations. Spectroscopic techniques allow for discrimination between cadmium and calcium complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Waidely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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