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Zarcone SR, Zhang Z, Handunneththige S, Ni Z, Bhuvanesh N, Nippe M, Meyer K, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. A Caged Neutral 17-Valence-Electron Iron(I) Radical [Fe(CO) 2(Cl)(P((CH 2) 10) 3P)] •: Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, Redox, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39163584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
UV irradiation of yellow CH2Cl2 solutions of trans-Fe(CO)3(P((CH2)10)3P) (2a) and PMe3 (10 equiv) gives, in addition to the previously reported dibridgehead diphosphine P((CH2)10)3P (46%), a green paramagnetic complex that crystallography shows to be the trigonal-bipyramidal iron(I) radical trans-[Fe(CO)2(Cl)(P((CH2)10)3P)]• (1a•; 31% after workup). This is a rare example of an isolable species of the formula [Fe(CO)4-n(L)n(X)]• (n = 0-3, L = two-electron-donor ligand; X = one-electron-donor ligand). Analogous precursors with longer P(CH2)nP segments (n = 12, 14, 16, 18) give only the demetalated diphosphines, and a rationale is proposed. The magnetic susceptibility of 1a•, assayed by Evans' method and SQUID measurements, indicates a spin (S) of 1/2. Cyclic voltammetry shows that 1a• undergoes a partially reversible one-electron oxidation, but no facile reduction. The UV-visible, EPR, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectra are analyzed in detail. Complex 2a is similarly studied, and, despite the extra valence electron, exhibits a comparable oxidation potential (ΔE1/2 ≤ 0.04 V). The crystal structure shows a cage conformation, solvation level, disorder motif, and unit cell parameters essentially identical to those of 1a•. DFT calculations provide much insight regarding the structural, redox, and spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Zarcone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Suhashini Handunneththige
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Zhen Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Kumar S, Sharma A, Mahala S, Gaatha K, Reddy SR, Rom T, Paul AK, Roy P, Joshi H. Macrocyclic Sulfur Ligand Stabilized Trans-Palladium Dichloride Complex: Syntheses, Structure, Chlorine Rotation, and Application in α-Olefination of Nitriles by Primary Alcohols. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300935. [PMID: 38116906 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reported the synthesis of a macrocyclic organosulfur ligand (L1) having a seventeen-membered macrocyclic ring. Subsequently, the corresponding trans-palladium complex (C1) of bulky macrocyclic organosulfur ligand (L1) was synthesized by reacting it with PdCl2 (CH3 CN)2 salt. The newly synthesized ligand and complex were characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The complex showed a square planar geometry with trans orientation of two ligands around the palladium center. The complex possesses intramolecular SCH…Cl interactions of 2.648 Å between the macrocyclic ligand and palladium dichloride. The potential energy surface (PES) for the rotational process of C1 suggested a barrier of ~23.81 kcal/mol for chlorine rotation. Furthermore, the bulky macrocyclic organosulfur ligand stabilized palladium complex (C1) was used as a catalyst (2.5 mol %) for α-olefination of nitriles by primary alcohols. The α,β-unsaturated nitrile compounds were found to be the major product of the reaction (57-78 % yield) with broad substrate scope and large functional group tolerance. Notably, the saturated nitrile product was not observed during the reaction. The mechanistic studies suggested the formation of H2 and H2 O as only by-products of the reaction, thereby making the protocol greener and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Suman Mahala
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - K Gaatha
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - S Rajagopala Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Tanmay Rom
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- ISC Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
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Zhu Y, Stollenz M, Zarcone SR, Kharel S, Joshi H, Bhuvanesh N, Reibenspies JH, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, homeomorphic and configurational isomerizations, and structures of macrocyclic aliphatic dibridgehead diphosphines; molecules that turn themselves inside out. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13368-13386. [PMID: 36507162 PMCID: PMC9682899 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diphosphine complexes cis- or trans-[upper bond 1 start]PtCl2(P((CH2) n )3P[upper bond 1 end]) (n = b/12, c/14, d/16, e/18) are demetalated by MC[triple bond, length as m-dash]X nucleophiles to give the title compounds (P((CH2) n )3)P (3b-e, 91-71%). These "empty cages" react with PdCl2 or PtCl2 sources to afford trans-[upper bond 1 start]MCl2(P((CH2) n )3P[upper bond 1 end]). Low temperature 31P NMR spectra of 3b and c show two rapidly equilibrating species (3b, 86 : 14; 3c, 97 : 3), assigned based upon computational data to in,in (major) and out,out isomers. These interconvert by homeomorphic isomerizations, akin to turning articles of clothing inside out (3b/c: ΔH ‡ 7.3/8.2 kcal mol-1, ΔS ‡ -19.4/-11.8 eu, minor to major). At 150 °C, 3b, c, e epimerize to (60-51) : (40-49) mixtures of (in,in/out,out) : in,out isomers, which are separated via the bis(borane) adducts 3b, c, e·2BH3. The configurational stabilities of in,out-3b, c, e preclude phosphorus inversion in the interconversion of in,in and out,out isomers. Low temperature 31P NMR spectra of in,out-3b, c reveal degenerate in,out/out,in homeomorphic isomerizations (ΔG ‡ Tc 12.1, 8.5 kcal mol-1). When (in,in/out,out)-3b, c, e are crystallized, out,out isomers are obtained, despite the preference for in,in isomers in solution. The lattice structures are analyzed, and the D 3 symmetry of out,out-3c enables a particularly favorable packing motif. Similarly, (in,in/out,out)-3c, e·2BH3 crystallize in out,out conformations, the former with a cycloalkane solvent guest inside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - Samuel R. Zarcone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - Sugam Kharel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - Joseph H. Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityPO Box 30012College StationTexas77842-3012USA
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Estrada AL, Wang L, Hess G, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Square-Planar and Octahedral Gyroscope-Like Metal Complexes Consisting of Dipolar Rotators Encased in Dibridgehead Di(triaryl)phosphine Stators: Syntheses, Structures, Dynamic Properties, and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17012-17025. [PMID: 36264646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For a variety of purposes, it is of interest to embed metals in cagelike trans-spanning di(triaryl)phosphine ligands. Toward this end, a combination of P(p-C6H4O(CH2)mCH═CH2)3 [3; m = 4 (a), 5 (b), 6 (c), and 7 (d)], [Rh(COD)(μ-Cl)]2, and CO gives square-planar trans-Rh(CO)(Cl)[P(p-C6H4O(CH2)mCH═CH2)3]2 (4a-4d). Reactions of 4b-4d with Grubbs' catalyst (first generation) and then H2 (catalyst PtO2) yield the title compounds trans-Rh(CO)(Cl)[P(p-C6H4O(CH2)nO-p-C6H4)3P] (n = 2m + 2, 6b-6d; 26-41% from 4b-4d). Two are crystallographically characterized. The Cl-Rh-CO moieties rapidly rotate on the NMR time scale at -120 °C, per the ample clearance provided by the (CH2)n segments. Steric interactions with the PC6H4O linkages are analyzed. LiC≡CAr displaces the chloride ligand from 6b to give RhC≡CAr adducts (Ar = C6H5/p-C6H4CH3, 7b/8b). The ArC≡C-Rh-CO rotator of 7b rapidly rotates on the NMR time scale (-70 °C), but with 8b, the longer p-CH3C6H4C≡C group is confined between two (CH2)12 bridges, even at 120 °C. Reactions of Re(CO)5(X) and 3c (140 °C) give octahedral mer,trans-Re(CO)3(X)[P(p-C6H4O(CH2)6CH═CH2)3]2 (X = Cl/Br), and metathesis/hydrogenation sequences yield mer,trans-Re(CO)3(X)[P(p-C6H4O(CH2)14O-p-C6H4)3P]. Reactions of 6c and 6d and excess PMe3 give the free diphosphines P(p-C6H4O(CH2)nO-p-C6H4)3P (14c and 14d, 83-75%). The addition of 14d to [Rh(CO)2(μ-Cl)]2 reconstitutes 6d (87%). Both in,in and out,out isomers of 14c and 14d are possible, but low-temperature NMR spectra show one set of signals, consistent with rapid homeomorphic isomerizations that turn the molecules inside out. Thermolyses (C6D5Br, 140 °C) effect phosphorus inversion to give in,out isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Estrada
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Leyong Wang
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gisela Hess
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Zarcone SR, Verardi PJ, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. A surprise landing on the terra incognita of macrocyclic dibridgehead diorganoarsines: syntheses, structures, and reactivities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8694-8697. [PMID: 35833414 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of trans-[Fe(CO)2(NO)(As((CH2)n)3As)]+ BF4- (n = 10, 12, 14) and Bu4N+ Cl- afford the title compounds As((CH2)n)3As, which upon reaction (n = 14) with MCl2 (M = Pt, Ni), Rh(CO)(Cl), and Fe(CO)3 sources reconstitute cage like complexes trans-MLn(As((CH2)14)3As). Reactions with H2O2 and BH3 give the corresponding arsine oxides and boranes. Crystal structures of metal-free species reveal out,out isomers, but cage complex formation is proposed to entail homeomorphic isomerization to in,in isomers with endo directed lone pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Zarcone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Peter J Verardi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
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Estrada AL, Wang L, Bhuvanesh N, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, Structures, Reactivities, and Dynamic Properties of Gyroscope-like Complexes Consisting of Rh(CO)(X) or Rh(CO)2(I) Rotators and Cage-like Trans Aliphatic Dibridgehead Diphosphine Stators. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Estrada
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Leyong Wang
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Zhu Y, Ehnbom A, Fiedler T, Shu Y, Bhuvanesh N, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. Platinum(II) alkyl complexes of chelating dibridgehead diphosphines P((CH 2) n) 3P ( n = 14, 18, 22); facile cis/ trans isomerizations interconverting gyroscope and parachute like adducts. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12457-12477. [PMID: 34545894 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gyroscope like dichloride complexes trans-Pt(Cl)2(P((CH2)n)3P) (trans-2; n = c, 14; e, 18; g, 22) and MeLi (2 equiv.) react to yield the parachute like dimethyl complexes cis-Pt(Me)2(P((CH2)n)3P) (cis-4c,e,g, 70-91%). HCl (1 equiv.) and cis-4c react to give cis-Pt(Cl)(Me)(P((CH2)14)3P) (cis-5c, 83%), which upon stirring with silica gel or crystallization affords trans-5c (89%). Similar reactions of HCl and cis-4e,g give cis/trans-5e,g mixtures that upon stirring with silica gel yield trans-5e,g. A parallel sequence with trans-2c/EtLi gives cis-Pt(Et)2(P((CH2)14)3P) (cis-6c, 85%) but subsequent reaction with HCl affords trans-Pt(Cl)(Et)(P((CH2)14)3P) (trans-7c, 45%) directly. When previously reported cis-Pt(Ph)2(P((CH2)14)3P) is treated with HCl (1 equiv.), cis- and trans-Pt(Cl)(Ph)(P((CH2)14)3P) are isolated (44%, 29%), with the former converting to the latter at 100 °C. Reactions of trans-5c and LiBr or NaI afford the halide complexes trans-Pt(X)(Me)(P((CH2)14)3P) (trans-9c, 88%; trans-10c, 87%). Thermolyses and DFT calculations that include acyclic model compounds establish trans > cis stabilities for all except the dialkyl complexes, for which energies can be closely spaced. The σ donor strengths of the non-phosphine ligands are assigned key roles in the trends. The crystal structures of cis-4c, trans-5c, trans-7c, and trans-10c are determined and analyzed together with the computed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
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Komiya N, Ikeshita M, Tosaki K, Sato A, Itami N, Naota T. Catalytic Enantioselective Rotation of Watermill‐Shaped Dinuclear Pd Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruyoshi Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Chemistry Laboratory The Jikei University School of Medicine Kokuryo, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8570 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Koichi Tosaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Nao Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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Zarcone SR, Chu GM, Ehnbom A, Cardenal A, Fiedler T, Bhuvanesh N, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. Toward Frameworks with Multiple Aligned and Interactive Fe(CO) 3 Rotators: Syntheses and Structures of Diiron Complexes Linked by Two trans-Diaxial α,ω-Diphosphine Ligands Ar 2P(CH 2) nPAr 2. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3314-3330. [PMID: 33571407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of (η4-benzylideneacetone)Fe(CO)3 and the α,ω-diphosphines Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2 afford the trigonal bipyramidal diiron tetraphosphorus complexes trans,trans-(CO)3Fe[Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2]2Fe(CO)3 (n/Ar = 3/Ph 3, 4/Ph 4a, 4/p-tol 4b; 56-19%). Crystal structures establish essentially parallel P-Fe-P axes, iron-iron distances of 5.894(9)-5.782(1) Å (3) and 6.403(1)-6.466(1) Å (4a,b), and van der Waals radii of 4.45 Å for the Fe(CO)3 rotators, the planes of which are offset by 0.029-1.665 Å. Analogous reactions of Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2 yield the square pyramidal monoiron complex trans-(CO)3Fe[Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2] (6', 31%), a rare case where a diphosphine spans trans basal positions (∠P-Fe-P 147.4(2)°). Both 3 and 6' exhibit two CO 13C NMR signals at room temperature, indicating slow exchange on the NMR time scale, which in the former could entail Fe(CO)3/Fe(CO)3 gearing. Under analogous conditions, 4a,b exhibit one signal. Previously reported adducts of Fe(CO)3 and Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 are surveyed (1:1, n = 1-5; 2:2, n = 5), and the IR νC≡O band patterns and energies of all complexes analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations. The diiron complexes are preferred thermodynamically. Attention is given to limiting types of Fe(CO)3/Fe(CO)3 interactions in the diiron complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Zarcone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Gong M Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Ashley Cardenal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Ehnbom A, Gladysz JA. Gyroscopes and the Chemical Literature, 2002–2020: Approaches to a Nascent Family of Molecular Devices. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3701-3750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Gusarova NK, Trofimov BA. Organophosphorus chemistry based on elemental phosphorus: advances and horizons. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The results of studies on the application of elemental phosphorus for the synthesis of important organophosphorus compounds are surveyed and summarized. Currently, this trend represents a synthetically, environmentally and technologically attractive alternative to classical organophosphorus chemistry based on toxic and corrosive phosphorus chlorides. Direct phosphination and phosphinylation of organic compounds with elemental phosphorus (discussed in the first part of the review) basically extend the range of available phosphines, phosphine chalcogenides and phosphinic acids and provides further development of their synthetic potential (discussed in the second part of the review). It is shown that the breakthrough in this area is largely due to the discovery of reactions of elemental phosphorus (white and red) with various electrophiles in superbasic suspensions and emulsions derived from alkali metal hydroxides and to the development of electrochemical, electrocatalytic and catalytic activation of white phosphorus.
The bibliography includes 299 references.
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Balueva AS, Musina EI, Nikolaeva YA, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Complexes of Phosphorus-containing Cyclophanes and Cryptands with Metals, Anions, and Organic Substrates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Hashimoto H, Inagaki Y, Momma H, Kwon E, Setaka W. Kinetic Stabilization of Carbazole Nitroxides by Inclusion in a Macrocage and Their Electron Spin Resonance Characterization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11783-11789. [PMID: 31442043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some nitroxides, for example, tetramethylpyridiniumoxide, are known as stable radicals; however, carbazole nitroxide is less stable. The kinetic stabilization of labile radicals by introduction of bulky substituents is usually effective to investigate intrinsic properties of the molecule because of small electronic perturbation induced by the substituents. In this study, macrocage molecules with a carbazole nitroxide connected by covalent bonds were newly designed as kinetically stabilized carbazole nitroxides. The nitroxides were prepared and characterized by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The caged nitroxides presented long half-lives (∼50 h) by kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momma
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
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14
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Stollenz M, Joshi H, Ehnbom A, Fiedler T, Kharel S, Reibenspies JH, Bhuvanesh N, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. Platinum complexes containing or derived from olefinic phosphines P(X)((CH2)6CH CH2)2 (X = OH, Ph, (CH2)6CH CH2); ring closing metatheses, structures, and trans/cis isomerizations. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Joshi H, Kharel S, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of doubly trans-spanning bis(dialkyl selenide) complexes; a new route to diselenamacrocycles via alkene metathesis in metal coordination spheres. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Fiedler T, Barbasiewicz M, Stollenz M, Gladysz JA. Non-metal-templated approaches to bis(borane) derivatives of macrocyclic dibridgehead diphosphines via alkene metathesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2354-2365. [PMID: 30254700 PMCID: PMC6142775 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two routes to the title compounds are evaluated. First, a ca. 0.01 M CH2Cl2 solution of H3B·P((CH2)6CH=CH2)3 (1·BH3) is treated with 5 mol % of Grubbs' first generation catalyst (0 °C to reflux), followed by H2 (5 bar) and Wilkinson's catalyst (55 °C). Column chromatography affords H3B·P(n-C8H17)3 (1%), H3B·P((CH2)13CH2)(n-C8H17) (8%; see text for tie bars that indicate additional phosphorus–carbon linkages, which are coded in the abstract with italics), H3B·P((CH2)13CH2)((CH2)14)P((CH2)13CH2)·BH3 (6·2BH3, 10%), in,out-H3B·P((CH2)14)3P·BH3 (in,out-2·2BH3, 4%) and the stereoisomer (in,in/out,out)-2·2BH3 (2%). Four of these structures are verified by independent syntheses. Second, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid is converted (reduction, bromination, Arbuzov reaction, LiAlH4) to H2P((CH2)14)PH2 (10; 76% overall yield). The reaction with H3B·SMe2 gives 10·2BH3, which is treated with n-BuLi (4.4 equiv) and Br(CH2)6CH=CH2 (4.0 equiv) to afford the tetraalkenyl precursor (H2C=CH(CH2)6)2(H3B)P((CH2)14)P(BH3)((CH2)6CH=CH2)2 (11·2BH3; 18%). Alternative approaches to 11·2BH3 (e.g., via 11) were unsuccessful. An analogous metathesis/hydrogenation/chromatography sequence with 11·2BH3 (0.0010 M in CH2Cl2) gives 6·2BH3 (5%), in,out-2·2BH3 (6%), and (in,in/out,out)-2·2BH3 (7%). Despite the doubled yield of 2·2BH3, the longer synthesis of 11·2BH3 vs 1·BH3 renders the two routes a toss-up; neither compares favorably with precious metal templated syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.,Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Present address: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.,Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Building NW, MD#1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.,Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Kharel S, Joshi H, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, Structures, and Thermal Properties of Gyroscope-like Complexes Consisting of PtCl2 Rotators Encased in Macrocyclic Dibridgehead Diphosphines P((CH2)n)3P with Extended Methylene Chains (n = 20/22/30) and Isomers Thereof. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Kharel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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18
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Kharel S, Jia T, Bhuvanesh N, Reibenspies JH, Blümel J, Gladysz JA. A Nontemplated Route to Macrocyclic Dibridgehead Diphosphorus Compounds: Crystallographic Characterization of a "Crossed-Chain" Variant of in/out Stereoisomers. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2632-2640. [PMID: 29870152 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of (O=)PH(OCH2 CH3 )2 and BrMg(CH2 )m CH=CH2 (4.9-3.2 equiv; m=4 (a), 5 (b), 6 (c)) give the dialkylphosphine oxides (O=)PH[(CH2 )m CH=CH2 ]2 (2 a-c; 77-81 % after workup), which are treated with NaH and then α,ω-dibromides Br(CH2 )n Br (0.49-0.32 equiv; n=8 (a'), 10 (b'), 12 (c'), 14 (d')) to yield the bis(trialkylphosphine oxides) [H2 C=CH(CH2 )m ]2 P(=O)(CH2 )n (O=)P[(CH2 )m CH=CH2 ]2 (3 ab', 3 bc', 3 cd', 3 ca'; 79-84 %). Reactions of 3 bc' and 3 ca' with Grubbs' first-generation catalyst and then H2 /PtO2 afford the dibridgehead diphosphine dioxides (4 bc', 4 ca'; 14-19 %, n'=2m+2); 31 P NMR spectra show two stereoisomeric species (ca. 70:30). Crystal structures of two isomers of the latter are obtained, out,out-4 ca' and a conformer of in,out-4 ca' that features crossed chains, such that the (O=)P vectors appear out,out. Whereas 4 bc' resists crystallization, a byproduct derived from an alternative metathesis mode, (CH2 )12 P(=O)(CH2 )12 (O=)P(CH2 )12 , as well as 3 ab' and 3 bc', are structurally characterized. The efficiencies of other routes to dibridgehead diphosphorus compounds are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Kharel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Tiezheng Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Janet Blümel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842-3012, USA
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX, 77842-3012, USA
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19
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Joshi H, Kharel S, Ehnbom A, Skopek K, Hess GD, Fiedler T, Hampel F, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. Three-Fold Intramolecular Ring Closing Alkene Metatheses of Square Planar Complexes with cis Phosphorus Donor Ligands P(X(CH2)mCH═CH2)3 (X = −, m = 5–10; X = O, m = 3–5): Syntheses, Structures, and Thermal Properties of Macrocyclic Dibridgehead Diphosphorus Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8463-8478. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Sugam Kharel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Katrin Skopek
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gisela D. Hess
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Steigleder E, Shima T, Lang GM, Ehnbom A, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Partially Shielded Fe(CO)3 Rotors: Syntheses, Structures, and Dynamic Properties of Complexes with Doubly trans Spanning Diphosphines, trans-Fe(CO)3(PhP((CH2)n)2PPh). Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Steigleder
- Institut für
Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Takanori Shima
- Institut für
Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgette M. Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für
Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Institut für
Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
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21
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Hess GD, Fiedler T, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Octahedral Gyroscope-like Molecules Consisting of Rhenium Rotators within Cage-like Dibridgehead Diphosphine Stators: Syntheses, Substitution Reactions, Structures, and Dynamic Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7454-7469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela D. Hess
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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22
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Kharel S, Joshi H, Bierschenk S, Stollenz M, Taher D, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. Homeomorphic Isomerization as a Design Element in Container Molecules; Binding, Displacement, and Selective Transport of MCl2 Species (M = Pt, Pd, Ni). J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2172-2175. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugam Kharel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Stephen Bierschenk
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Deeb Taher
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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23
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Fujiwara A, Inagaki Y, Momma H, Kwon E, Yamaguchi K, Kanno M, Kono H, Setaka W. A crystalline molecular gyrotop with a biphenylene dirotor and its temperature-dependent birefringence. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A crystalline molecular gyrotop with a biphenylene dirotor showed a reduction in the birefringence with increasing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujiwara
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momma
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kanno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kono
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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24
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Knopf I, Tofan D, Beetstra D, Al-Nezari A, Al-Bahily K, Cummins CC. A family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines: modular, stereoselective synthesis and application in catalytic CO 2/ethylene coupling. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1463-1468. [PMID: 28616145 PMCID: PMC5460601 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03614g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of a family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines was achieved in only three steps from white phosphorus and commercial materials. These new ligands showed activity in the nickel-catalyzed coupling of CO2 and ethylene.
A family of cis-macrocyclic diphosphines was prepared in just three steps from white phosphorus and commercial materials using a modular synthetic approach. Alkylation of bicyclic diphosphane 3,4,8,9-tetramethyl-1,6-diphosphabicyclo(4.4.0)deca-3,8-diene, or P2(dmb)2, produced phosphino-phosphonium salts [R-P2(dmb)2]X, where R is methyl, benzyl and isobutyl, in yields of 90–96%. Treatment of these salts with organolithium or Grignard reagents yielded symmetric and unsymmetric macrocyclic diphosphines of the form cis-1-R-6-R′-3,4,8,9-tetramethyl-2,5,7,10-tetrahydro-1,6-DiPhospheCine, or R,R′-DPC, in which R′ is methyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or mesityl, in yields of 46–94%. Alternatively, symmetric diphosphine Cy2-DPC was synthesized in 74% yield from the dichlorodiphosphine Cl2P2(dmb)2. As a first application, these cis-macrocyclic diphosphines were used as ligands in the nickel-catalyzed synthesis of acrylate from CO2 and ethylene, for which they showed promising catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Knopf
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Daniel Tofan
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Dirk Beetstra
- SABIC CRD , Fundamental Catalysis , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Al-Bahily
- SABIC CRD , Fundamental Catalysis , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
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25
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Taher D, Nawara-Hultzsch AJ, Bhuvanesh N, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Mono- and disubstitution reactions of gyroscope like complexes derived from Cl Pt Cl rotators within cage like dibridgehead diphosphine ligands. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Lang GM, Bhuvanesh N, Reibenspies JH, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, Reactivity, Structures, and Dynamic Properties of Gyroscope-like Iron Carbonyl Complexes Based on Dibridgehead Diarsine Cages. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette M. Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Joseph H. Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
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27
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Lang GM, Shima T, Wang L, Cluff KJ, Skopek K, Hampel F, Blümel J, Gladysz JA. Gyroscope-Like Complexes Based on Dibridgehead Diphosphine Cages That Are Accessed by Three-Fold Intramolecular Ring Closing Metatheses and Encase Fe(CO)3, Fe(CO)2(NO)+, and Fe(CO)3(H)+Rotators. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7649-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgette M. Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Takanori Shima
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leyong Wang
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyle J. Cluff
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Katrin Skopek
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janet Blümel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
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28
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Fiedler T, Chen L, Wagner ND, Russell DH, Gladysz JA. Gas and Liquid Phase Diffusivities of Isomeric Metal Complexes Derived from Multifold Ring-Closing Metatheses: Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Trumps DOSY NMR. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - David H. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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30
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Jiang X, O’Brien ZJ, Yang S, Lai LH, Buenaflor J, Tan C, Khan S, Houk KN, Garcia-Garibay MA. Crystal Fluidity Reflected by Fast Rotational Motion at the Core, Branches, and Peripheral Aromatic Groups of a Dendrimeric Molecular Rotor. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4650-6. [PMID: 26973017 PMCID: PMC5155508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low packing densities are key structural features of amphidynamic crystals built with static and mobile components. Here we report a loosely packed crystal of dendrimeric rotor 2 and the fast dynamics of all its aromatic groups, both resulting from the hyperbranched structure of the molecule. Compound 2 was synthesized with a convergent strategy to construct a central phenylene core with stators consisting of two layers of triarylmethyl groups. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a low-density packing structure consisting of one molecule of 2 and approximately eight solvent molecules per unit cell. Three isotopologues of 2 were synthesized to study the motion of each segment of the molecule in the solid state using variable temperature quadrupolar echo (2)H NMR spectroscopy. Line shape analysis of the spectra reveals that the central phenylene, the six branch phenylenes, and the 18 periphery phenyls all display megahertz rotational dynamics in the crystals at ambient temperature. Arrhenius analysis of the data gives similar activation energies and pre-exponential factors for different parts of the structure. The observed pre-exponential factors are 4-6 orders of magnitude greater than those of elementary site-exchange processes, indicating that the dynamics are not dictated by static energetic potentials. Instead, the activation energies for rotations in the crystals of 2 are controlled by temperature dependent local structural fluctuations and crystal fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Zachary J. O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Lan Huong Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jeffrey Buenaflor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Colleen Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Saeed Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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31
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Fiedler T, Bhuvanesh N, Hampel F, Reibenspies JH, Gladysz JA. Gyroscope like molecules consisting of trigonal or square planar osmium rotators within three-spoked dibridgehead diphosphine stators: syntheses, substitution reactions, structures, and dynamic properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7131-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00692b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The OsLy moieties of the title complexes undergo rapid rotation within the diphosphine cages when L is restricted to Cl, Br, CO, H, and Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
| | | | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | | | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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32
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Lang GM, Skaper D, Hampel F, Gladysz JA. Synthesis, reactivity, structures, and dynamic properties of gyroscope like iron complexes with dibridgehead diphosphine cages: pre- vs. post-metathesis substitutions as routes to adducts with neutral dipolar Fe(CO)(NO)(X) rotors. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16190-16204. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Substitution reactions of 4c+ BF4− afford the title complexes 9c-X, the Fe(CO)(NO)(X) moieties of which rapidly rotate within the diphosphine cage. Trends are interpreted in terms of horizontal/vertical van der Waals clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Skaper
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- Texas 77842-3012
- USA
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33
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Noh TH, Lee H, Kim D, Moon D, Lee YA, Jung OS. Photoreaction of adsorbed diiodomethane: halide effects of a series of neutral palladium(ii) coordination cages. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9574-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic aspect of a series of [Pd6X12L4] (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−) cages, including Br/I replacement reaction and halide effects on physicochemical properties, adsorption of CH2I2, and photo-cyclopropanation, has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Noh
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Pusan 46241
- Korea
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Pusan 46241
- Korea
| | - Doeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Pusan 46241
- Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory/POSTECH
- Pohang 37673
- Korea
| | - Young-A Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- Korea
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Pusan 46241
- Korea
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34
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Estrada AL, Jia T, Bhuvanesh N, Blümel J, Gladysz JA. Substitution and Catalytic Chemistry of Gyroscope-Like Complexes Derived from Cl-Rh-CO Rotators and TriplytransSpanning Di(trialkylphosphine) Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Prack E, O'Keefe CA, Moore JK, Lai A, Lough AJ, Macdonald PM, Conradi MS, Schurko RW, Fekl U. A Molecular Rotor Possessing an H-M-H "Spoke" on a P-M-P "Axle": A Platinum(II) trans-Dihydride Spins Rapidly Even at 75 K. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13464-7. [PMID: 26448538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of low-barrier molecular rotors, metal trans-dihydrides, is suggested here. To test whether rapid rotation can be achieved, the known complex trans-H2Pt(P(t)Bu3)2 was experimentally studied by (2)H and (195)Pt solid-state NMR spectroscopy (powder pattern changes with temperature) and computationally modeled as a (t)Bu3P-Pt-P(t)Bu3 stator with a spinning H-Pt-H rotator. Whereas the related chloro-hydride complex, trans-H(Cl)Pt(P(t)Bu3)2, does not show rotational behavior at room temperature, the dihydride trans-H2Pt(P(t)Bu3)2 rotates fast on the NMR time scale, even at low temperatures down to at least 75 K. The highest barrier to rotation is estimated to be ∼3 kcal mol(-1), for the roughly 3 Å long rotator in trans-H2Pt(P(t)Bu3)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Prack
- University of Toronto , Mississauga Campus, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | | | - Jeremy K Moore
- Washington University, St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Angel Lai
- University of Toronto , Mississauga Campus, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Alan J Lough
- University of Toronto , St. George Campus, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Peter M Macdonald
- University of Toronto , Mississauga Campus, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Mark S Conradi
- Washington University, St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Robert W Schurko
- University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, Ontario, Canada , N9B 3P4
| | - Ulrich Fekl
- University of Toronto , Mississauga Campus, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
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36
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Nishiyama Y, Inagaki Y, Yamaguchi K, Setaka W. 1,4-Naphthalenediyl-Bridged Molecular Gyrotops: Rotation of the Rotor and Fluorescence in Solution. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9959-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nishiyama
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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37
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Tseng YY, Kamikawa K, Wu Q, Takahashi T, Ogasawara M. Ring-Closing Metathesis of (η5-Alkenylcyclopentadienyl)(alkenylphosphine)manganese(I) Dicarbonyl Complexes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Shionari H, Inagaki Y, Yamaguchi K, Setaka W. A pyrene-bridged macrocage showing no excimer fluorescence. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10511-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A pyrene bridged macrocage shows fluorescence from a monomeric excited state without excimer due to cage effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Shionari
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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39
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Lang GM, Skaper D, Shima T, Otto M, Wang L, Gladysz JA. Syntheses of Iron(0) Complexes of Symmetrical Trialkylphosphines with Three Terminal Vinyl Groups, P((CH2)mCH=CH2)3. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of (BDA)Fe(CO)3 (BDA = benzylideneacetone) and P((CH2)mCH=CH2)3 (1; m = 4, a; 5, b; 6, c; 7, d; 8, e) give the trigonal bipyramidal bis(phosphine) complexes trans-Fe(CO)3(P((CH2)mCH=CH2)3)2 (2a–e) as moderately air-sensitive yellow-orange oils in 60–75 % yields after workup. These and NO+BF4– react to give the cationic iron dicarbonyl nitrosyl complexes trans-[Fe(CO)2(NO)(P((CH2)mCH=CH2)3)2]+BF4– (3a–e; orange oils, 88–98 %). Further substitution is effected with n-Bu4N+X– (X = Cl, Br, I, or CN) to give trans-Fe(CO)(NO)(X)(P((CH2)mCH=CH2)3)2 (4a–e-X; red oils, 73–93 %). The NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) and IR properties of these adducts, which provide precursors to gyroscope-like complexes by intramolecular C=C metatheses, are analysed in detail.
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40
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Abstract
Using a general synthetic procedure employing readily accessed terminal alkene-functionalized pro-ligands and macrocyclization by ring-closing olefin metathesis, rhodium carbonyl complexes have been prepared that contain lutidine (1a; n = 1) and pyridine (1b; n = 0) derived tridentate CNC macrocycles with dodecamethylene spacers. In solution, 1a shows temperature-invariant time-averaged C2 symmetry by (1)H NMR spectroscopy (CD2Cl2, 500 MHz), whereas in the solid-state, two polymorphs can be obtained showing different conformations of the alkyl spacer about the metal-carbonyl bond (asymmetric and symmetric). In contrast, time-averaged motion of alkyl spacer in 1b can be halted by cooling below 225 K (CD2Cl2, 500 MHz), and the complex crystallizes as a dimer with an interesting unsupported Rh···Rh bonding interaction (3.2758(6) Å). Oxidative addition reactions of 1a and 1b, using MeI and PhICl2, have been studied in situ by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, although pure Rh(III) adducts can be ultimately isolated only with the pyridine-based macrocyclic ligand. The lutidine backbone of 1a can be deprotonated by addition of K[N(SiMe3)2], and the resulting neutral dearomatized complex (5) has been fully characterized in solution, by variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and in the solid state, by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiann E Andrew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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41
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Setaka W, Inoue K, Higa S, Yoshigai S, Kono H, Yamaguchi K. Synthesis of Crystalline Molecular Gyrotops and Phenylene Rotation inside the Cage. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8288-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Setaka
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Inoue
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higa
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Seiki Yoshigai
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kono
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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42
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Inagaki Y, Yamaguchi K, Setaka W. A crystalline molecular gyrotop with germanium junctions between a phenylene rotor and alkyl spokes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecular gyrotop with germanium junctions was synthesized, and the dynamics of the phenylene and the optical properties were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki, Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji, Japan
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