1
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Gao ZX, Wang H, Su AH, Li QY, Liang Z, Zhang YQ, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Zhang HX, Hou YT, Li X, Sun LR, Li J, Xu ZJ, Lou HX. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensilin, Platensimycin, Platencin, and Their Analogs via a Bioinspired Skeletal Reconstruction Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18967-18978. [PMID: 38973592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Platensilin, platensimycin, and platencin are potent inhibitors of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF) in the bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthesis system, presenting promising drug leads for both antibacterial and antidiabetic therapies. Herein, a bioinspired skeleton reconstruction approach is reported, which enables the unified synthesis of these three natural FabF inhibitors and their skeletally diverse analogs, all stemming from a common ent-pimarane core. The synthesis features a diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to prepare the common ent-pimarane core. From this intermediate, stereoselective Mn-catalyzed hydrogen atom-transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Cu-catalyzed carbenoid C-H insertion afford platensilin. Furthermore, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction succeeded by regioselective ring opening of the newly formed cyclopropane enables the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane ring systems of platensimycin and platencin, respectively. This skeletal reconstruction approach of the ent-pimarane core facilitates the preparation of analogs bearing different polycyclic scaffolds. Among these analogs, the previously unexplored cyclopropyl analog 47 exhibits improved antibacterial activity (MIC80 = 0.0625 μg/mL) against S. aureus compared to platensimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xu Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Hou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Long-Ru Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 429, Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai 200213, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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2
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Rowett AC, Sweeting SG, Heard DM, Lennox AJJ. A Stoichiometric Haloform Coupling for Ester Synthesis with Secondary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400570. [PMID: 38533790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The haloform reaction from methyl ketones to carboxylic acids is one of the oldest known synthetic organic reactions, which has been used in myriad applications over the decades. The corresponding reaction to produce esters is, however, less developed, as the reaction is generally limited to simple, primary alcohols that are used in solvent-level quantities, thereby restricting the complexity of esters that can be directly formed. Herein, we detail the development of a general ester-forming haloform coupling reaction using one equivalent of alcohol. Mechanistic and kinetic modelling studies demonstrated that the key intermediates are formed under equilibrium, which facilitated the development of conditions that are amenable to secondary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Rowett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Stephen G Sweeting
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David M Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alastair J J Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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3
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Pérez Á, Quílez
del Moral JF, Galisteo A, Amaro JM, Barrero AF. Bioinspired Synthesis of Platensimycin from Natural ent-Kaurenoic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:5401-5405. [PMID: 37338151 PMCID: PMC10391625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic formal synthesis of the antibiotic platensimycin for the treatment of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria was accomplished starting from either ent-kaurenoic acid or grandiflorenic acid, each of which is a natural compound available in multigram scale from its natural source. Apart from the natural origin of the selected precursors, the keys of the described approach are the long-distance functionalization of ent-kaurenoic acid at C11 and the efficient protocol for the A-ring degradation of the diterpene framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pérez
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José F. Quílez
del Moral
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Galisteo
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Amaro
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Los Andes, Merida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Alejandro F. Barrero
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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4
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Li YJ, Lv XJ, Liu YK. Enantioselective Michael Addition/Cyclization/Desymmetrization Sequence of Prochiral Cyclic Hemiacetals and Nitroolefins: Synthesis of Chiral Oxygen-Bridged Bicyclic Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:9254-9258. [PMID: 36512320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic enantioselective Michael addition of functionalized prochiral cyclic hemiacetals and nitroolefins has been developed under cooperative enamine and hydrogen bond catalysis. The obtained chiral hemiacetal intermediates could be used in the subsequent diastereocontrolled cyclization/desymmetrization divergent process to access (1) 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane or 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane frameworks via oxocarbenium ion-mediated Friedel-Crafts cyclization, and (2) 2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane frameworks via intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization. Experimental results suggest that there is neighboring group participation controlling the diastereoselectivities of the desymmetrization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Lv
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan-Kai Liu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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5
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Wang Z, Chen X, Li D, Bai E, Zhang H, Duan Y, Huang Y. Platensimycin-berberine chloride co-amorphous drug system: Sustained release and prolonged half-life. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:126-136. [PMID: 36087879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Co-amorphous technology is an emerging approach for pharmaceutical engineering of drugs and drug leads with improved physicochemical properties and bioavailability. Platensimycin (PTM) is a promising natural antibiotic lead that acts on bacterial fatty acid synthase and exhibits excellent antibacterial activity. Despite great strides to improve its poor pharmacokinetics by medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology, there are no convenient oral delivery systems developed. Here, a co-amorphous system of PTM and berberine chloride (BCL) was developed for oral delivery of PTM. Co-amorphous PTM-BCL was prepared by rotary vacuum evaporation method, and systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Compared with PTM or BCL alone, the equilibrium solubility and dissolution rate of both of them in the co-amorphous systems decreased significantly, showing the characteristics of sustained release. The molecular interactions between PTM and BCL were mediated by strong charged-mediated hydrogen bonds, based on FTIR, XPS, and NMR-based techniques. The co-amorphous PTM-BCL system showed excellent physiochemical stability at room and elevated (40 °C) temperature under dry conditions. The combination of PTM and BCL showed increased killing of a clinical isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain in killing checkerboard assays. Finally, co-amorphous PTM-BCL exhibited 2- or 3-fold longer half-life in rats than that of crystalline and amorphous PTM upon oral administration, respectively. Our study suggests a rational approach to realize the full potential of potent antibiotic PTM, which may be conveniently adapted for engineering of other important pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Duanxiu Li
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Enhe Bai
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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6
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Investigation of cationic transformations involving 5-ethynyl-4-arylpyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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McCarthy S, Marson CM. A stepwise lactol carbocyclisation to bridged ethers via a keto–acetal cascade. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221079498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactol carbocyclisations provide a succinct method of constructing the oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold, a motif present in various natural products of medicinal interest. Lactols containing an unsaturated ketone or ester were prepared by olefin cross-metathesis; an electrophilic alkene derived from methyl vinyl ketone underwent concomitant terminal α-methylenation and oxa-Michael addition to give a bridged lactol which then underwent oxygen-to-carbon transposition in the presence of titanium (IV) chloride giving the desired unsaturated carbocyclic seven-membered bridged ether via a novel dehydrative cascade considered to involve titanium enolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles M Marson
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Trajkovic M, Ferjancic Z, Saicic RN, Bihelovic F. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Platensimycin Core by Silver(I)‐Promoted Cyclization of Δ 6‐α‐Iodoketone. Chemistry 2019; 25:4340-4344. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Trajkovic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Zorana Ferjancic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Radomir N. Saicic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Knez Mihailova 35 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Filip Bihelovic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
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9
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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10
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Defieber C, Mohr JT, Grabovyi GA, Stoltz BM. Short Enantioselective Formal Synthesis of (-)-Platencin. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018; 50:4359-4368. [PMID: 31061542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A short enantioselective formal synthesis of the antibiotic natural product platencin is reported. Key steps in the synthesis include enantioselective decarboxylation alkylation, aldehyde/olefin radical cyclization, and regioselective aldol cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Defieber
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin T Mohr
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gennadii A Grabovyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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11
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Enantiospecific Total Syntheses of (+)-Hapalindole H and (−)-12-epi
-Hapalindole U. Chemistry 2018; 24:8980-8984. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Organocatalyzed Synthesis of [3.2.1] Bicyclooctanes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051039. [PMID: 29710794 PMCID: PMC6099548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis constitutes one of the main research areas in organic chemistry from the last two decades. This chemistry has been applied to the synthesis of many natural products and structures in a manner that reduces the residues and so the ecological impact. In this review, we consider the work that has been done for the synthesis of bicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework. This structure is present in many natural products with very important biological activities.
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13
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Liu L, Cheng HL, Ma WQ, Hou SH, Tu YQ, Zhang FM, Zhang XM, Wang SH. Improved synthesis of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes via tandem C-H oxidation/oxa-[3,3] Cope rearrangement/aldol cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:196-199. [PMID: 29226934 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tandem C-H oxidation/oxa-[3,3] Cope rearrangement/aldol reaction of allylic silylethers promoted by T+BF4-(tempo oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate)/ZnBr2 has been successfully developed allowing the efficient construction of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and their analogs with a wide substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Long Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Hua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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14
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Brill ZG, Condakes ML, Ting CP, Maimone TJ. Navigating the Chiral Pool in the Total Synthesis of Complex Terpene Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11753-11795. [PMID: 28293944 PMCID: PMC5638449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pool of abundant chiral terpene building blocks (i.e., "chiral pool terpenes") has long served as a starting point for the chemical synthesis of complex natural products, including many terpenes themselves. As inexpensive and versatile starting materials, such compounds continue to influence modern synthetic chemistry. This review highlights 21st century terpene total syntheses which themselves use small, terpene-derived materials as building blocks. An outlook to the future of research in this area is highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G. Brill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew L. Condakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chi P. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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15
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Maertens G, L'Homme C, Canesi S. Total synthesis of natural products using hypervalent iodine reagents. Front Chem 2015; 2:115. [PMID: 25601909 PMCID: PMC4283662 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a review of natural product syntheses accomplished in our laboratory during the last 5 years. Each synthetic route features a phenol dearomatization promoted by an environmentally benign hypervalent iodine reagent. The dearomatizations demonstrate the "aromatic ring umpolung" concept, and involve stereoselective remodeling of the inert unsaturations of a phenol into a highly functionalized key intermediate that may contain a quaternary carbon center and a prochiral dienone system. Several new oxidative strategies were employed, including transpositions (1,3-alkyl shift and Prins-pinacol), a polycyclization, an ipso rearrangement, and direct nucleophilic additions at the phenol para position. Several alkaloids, heterocyclic compounds, and a polycyclic core have been achieved, including sceletenone (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor), acetylaspidoalbidine (an antitumor agent), fortucine (antiviral and antitumor), erysotramidine (curare-like effect), platensimycin (an antibiotic), and the main core of a kaurane diterpene (immunosuppressive agent and stimulator of apoptosis). These concise and in some cases enantioselective syntheses effectively demonstrate the importance of hypervalent iodine reagents in the total synthesis of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Canesi
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse de Produits Naturels, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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