1
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Tay HM, Tse YC, Docker A, Gateley C, Thompson AL, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Heteroditopic [2]Catenanes for Recognition of Alkali Metal/Halide Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214785. [PMID: 36440816 PMCID: PMC10108176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of halogen bonding (XB) heteroditopic homo[2]catenanes were prepared by discrete Na+ template-directed assembly of oligo(ethylene glycol) units derived from XB donor-containing macrocycles and acyclic bis-azide precursors, followed by a CuI -mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclisation reaction. Extensive 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies show the [2]catenane hosts exhibit positive cooperative ion-pair recognition behaviour, wherein XB-mediated halide recognition is enhanced by alkali metal cation pre-complexation. Notably, subtle changes in the catenanes' oligo(ethylene glycol) chain length dramatically alters their ion-binding affinity, stoichiometry, complexation mode, and conformational dynamics. Solution-phase and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies provide evidence for competing host-separated and direct-contact ion-pair binding modes. We further demonstrate the [2]catenanes are capable of extracting solid alkali-metal halide salts into organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christian Gateley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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2
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Aizawa T, Akine S, Saiki T, Nakamura T, Nabeshima T. Rotaxane formation by an allosteric pseudomacrocyclic anion receptor utilising kinetically labile copper( i) coordination properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17277-17282. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pseudomacrocyclic receptor with hydrogen bonding units spontaneously generates a rotaxane with an anionic axle possessing large end groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Aizawa
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saiki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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3
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Chen CY, Xu HC, Ho TH, Hsu CJ, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Complementarity of 2,6-Dimethanolpyridine and Di(ethylene glycol) in the Complexation of Na + Ions: Attaching Multiple Copies of [2]Catenane Branches to Isophthalaldehyde-Containing Cores. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13491-13502. [PMID: 34514788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we found that 2,6-dimethanolpyridine displays good complementarity toward di(ethylene glycol) for the complexation of Na+ ions, allowing us to use this recognition system for the efficient synthesis of hetero[2]catenanes; indeed, it allowed us to attach multiple copies of [2]catenanes to branched systems presenting multiple isophthalaldehyde units. When we attempted to form a catenane from a preformed macrocycle featuring only a single di(ethylene glycol) unit, reacting it with a di(ethylene glycol) derivative presenting two amino termini, isophthalaldehyde, and templating Na+ ions [i.e., with the aim of using di(ethylene glycol)·Na+·di(ethylene glycol) recognition to template the formation of the interlocked imino macrocycle], the yields of the hetero[2]catenane and homo[2]catenane, comprising two imino macrocyclic units, were both poor (14% and 7%, respectively). In contrast, when one or two 2,6-dimethanolpyridine units were present in the preformed macrocycles, their reactions with the same diamine, dialdehyde, and Na+ ions provided the hetero[2]catenanes with high selectivity and efficiency (44% and 64% yields, respectively), with minimal formation of the competing homo[2]catenane. The high complementary of the 2,6-dimethanolpyridine·Na+·di(ethylene glycol) ligand pair allowed us to synthesize [2]catenane dimers and trimers directly from corresponding isophthalaldehyde-presenting cores, with yields, after subsequent reduction and methylation, of 42% and 31%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 40225 Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Inthasot A, Tung ST, Chiu SH. Using Alkali Metal Ions To Template the Synthesis of Interlocked Molecules. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1324-1337. [PMID: 29745639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1987, Pedersen, Cram, and Lehn were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to honor their achievements in, among other things, the selective recognition of alkali metal ions by synthetic hosts. Almost three decades later, the 2016 Nobel Prize went to Stoddart, Sauvage, and Feringa for the development of artificial molecular machines, in which interlocked molecules play a significant role. Surprisingly, although many rotaxane- and catenane-based molecular machines have been constructed using various templating approaches, alkali metal ions, which are good templates for crown ether synthesis, have only rarely been applied as templates for the assembly of these interlocked molecules. This paucity of examples is probably due to the less well defined coordination numbers and geometries in the complexation of alkali metal ions to common oxygen-containing ligands, resulting in much weaker metal-ligand interactions and less predictable structures for their complexes compared with those formed between transition metal ions and common pyridine-containing ligands. Nevertheless, the ease of removing alkali metal ions from interlocked compounds and their much lower toxicity compared with that of transition metal ions are attractive features that have inspired their use as templates in the synthesis of interlocked molecules. About a decade ago, we began investigating the feasibility of using alkali metal ions to template the formation of catenanes and rotaxanes, with the hope of developing facile, broadly applicable, green, and efficient methods for their construction. We noticed that the interactions between oxygen-containing ligands and alkali metal ions can be strengthened by minimizing the effects of competing interactions from solvent molecules and counteranions. Thus, to increase the solubility of the metal ion salts in less polar solvents (e.g., CH2Cl2, CHCl3) and minimize ion pairing, we chose tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB), a weakly coordinating anion, as the counteranion for the alkali metal ions applied as templates. Our strategy has been based on the association of simple and general recognition units: (i) the orthogonal arrangement of two oligo(ethylene glycol) chains around an alkali metal ion and (ii) the encircling of a single urea/amide unit by an oligo(ethylene glycol)-containing macrocycle in the presence of a templating alkali metal ion. The former recognition system has allowed the facile construction of many interesting interlocked structures, including cyclic [2]catenane trimers and tetramers; the latter has provided several rotaxanes, including some incorporating monomers of practically important (macro)molecules (e.g., peptides, polymers) and some that behave as switches with unique functions (e.g., catalysis, gelation). The components in these recognition systems possess high flexibility in terms of their structures and the choice of suitable alkali metal ion templates. This Account tells the story of the concept behind this alkali metal ion-templating approach as well as its elaboration, scope, and recent advances. We hope to convince the reader that alkali metal ions are powerful templates for assembling interlocked structures and compounds and also to demonstrate the range of possibilities that they provide for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Inthasot
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Te Tung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Han X, Liu G, Liu SH, Yin J. Synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes using an imine clipping reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10331-10351. [PMID: 27714207 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly provide a valuable chance to understand the complicated topological structures on a molecular level. Two types of classical mechanically interlocked molecules, rotaxanes and catenanes, possess non-covalent mechanical bonds and have attracted more attention not only in supramolecular chemistry but also in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology and bioscience. In the past decades, the template-directed clipping reaction based on imine chemistry has become one of the most efficient methods for the construction of functionalized rotaxanes and catenanes. In this review, we outlined the main progress of rotaxanes and catenanes using the template-directed clipping approach of imine chemistry. The review contains the novel topological structures of rotaxanes and catenanes, functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Guotao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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6
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Tung ST, Cheng HT, Inthasot A, Hsueh FC, Gu TJ, Yan PC, Lai CC, Chiu SH. Interlocked Photo-degradable Macrocycles Allow One-Off Photo-triggerable Gelation of Organo- and Hydrogelators. Chemistry 2018; 24:1522-1527. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Te Tung
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Hung-Te Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Alex Inthasot
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Ting-Jia Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Pei-Cong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
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7
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Lee YJ, Liu KS, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Cheng RP, Chiu SH. Na+
Ions Induce the Pirouetting Motion and Catalytic Activity of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:9756-9760. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jay Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Shun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Richard P. Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
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8
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Shang J, Rambo BM, Hao X, Xiang JF, Gong HY, Sessler JL. Post-synthetic modification of a macrocyclic receptor via regioselective imidazolium ring-opening. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4148-4157. [PMID: 30155059 PMCID: PMC6014093 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04860e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile post-synthetic modification of a tetracationic tetraimidazolium macrocycle, 14+ (i.e., the "Texas-sized" molecular box (cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene)), is described. Under mild basic conditions, ring-opening of the imidazolium moieties occurs. This results in two new isomeric dicationic macrocycles. This simple yet efficient modification serves to alter the size of the molecular cavity, the charge of the macromolecular receptor, and the manner whereby it interacts with dianionic guest molecules. The isomeric mixture of imidazolium ring opened macrocycles can be synthesized in relatively high overall yield (86-93%). The reaction shows regioselectivity and the ratio of major to minor (i.e., trans : cis ring-opened products) was determined to be ca. 3 : 1 via1H NMR spectroscopy. The major isomer, trans-cyclo[2]((Z)-N-(2-((6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)vinyl)formamide)[2](1,4-bismethylbenzene) hexafluorophosphate (22+·2PF6-), was isolated in its pure form in 42% yield via recrystallization. The molecular recognition properties of 22+ were investigated using a series of dianionic guests (i.e., 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (4), 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate (5), and 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate (6)) whose binding interactions with 14+ have been previously reported. This allowed us to evaluate how imidazolium ring-opening affects the inherent host/guest interactions of 14+. On the basis of solution spectroscopic studies (e.g., 1H NMR, 1H-1H COSY NMR, DOSY NMR, and NOESY NMR), in tandem with mass spectrometric analyses (ESI-MS) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, we conclude that opening up the macrocyclic structure (i.e., converting 14+ to 22+) leads to considerable changes in the recognition behavior, with so-called outside binding or weak ion pair interactions, rather than pseudorotaxane formation, being favored both in solution and the solid-state. We postulate that methodologies such as those described herein could provide a means to control the molecular interactions of both free-standing macrocycles and those used to construct mechanically-interlocked molecules. Indeed, the application of hydroxide anion under the present conditions not only serves to effect the ring-opening of 14+, but also pseudorotaxane structures, such as, e.g., [14+·4] or [14+·5] derived there from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shang
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Brett M Rambo
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , USA .
| | - Xiang Hao
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2 , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2 , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
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9
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Crea F, De Stefano C, Foti C, Lando G, Milea D, Sammartano S. Alkali Metal Ion Complexes with Phosphates, Nucleotides, Amino Acids, and Related Ligands of Biological Relevance. Their Properties in Solution. Met Ions Life Sci 2016; 16:133-66. [PMID: 26860301 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal ions play very important roles in all biological systems, some of them are essential for life. Their concentration depends on several physiological factors and is very variable. For example, sodium concentrations in human fluids vary from quite low (e.g., 8.2 mmol dm(-3) in mature maternal milk) to high values (0.14 mol dm(-3) in blood plasma). While many data on the concentration of Na(+) and K(+) in various fluids are available, the information on other alkali metal cations is scarce. Since many vital functions depend on the network of interactions occurring in various biofluids, this chapter reviews their complex formation with phosphates, nucleotides, amino acids, and related ligands of biological relevance. Literature data on this topic are quite rare if compared to other cations. Generally, the stability of alkali metal ion complexes of organic and inorganic ligands is rather low (usually log K < 2) and depends on the charge of the ligand, owing to the ionic nature of the interactions. At the same time, the size of the cation is an important factor that influences the stability: very often, but not always (e.g., for sulfate), it follows the trend Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+) > Rb(+) > Cs(+). For example, for citrate it is: log K ML = 0.88, 0.80, 0.48, 0.38, and 0.13 at 25 °C and infinite dilution. Some considerations are made on the main aspects related to the difficulties in the determination of weak complexes. The importance of the alkali metal ion complexes was also studied in the light of modelling natural fluids and in the use of these cations as probes for different processes. Some empirical relationships are proposed for the dependence of the stability constants of Na(+) complexes on the ligand charge, as well as for correlations among log K values of NaL, KL or LiL species (L = generic ligand).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Foti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvio Sammartano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy.
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10
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Vidonne A, Kosikova T, Philp D. Exploiting recognition-mediated assembly and reactivity in [2]rotaxane formation. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2592-2603. [PMID: 28660031 PMCID: PMC5477148 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A small molecular reaction network exploits recognition-mediated reactive processes in order to drive the assembly and formation of both a self-replicating linear template (thread) and a [2]rotaxane, in which the linear template is encircled by a diamide macrocycle. Complementary recognition sites, placed at strategic positions on the reactive building blocks, drive these assembly and replication processes. Template-instructed experiments show that the thread is capable of efficient self-replication and that no cross-catalytic relationships exist between the thread and the [2]rotaxane. The rate of [2]rotaxane formation is insensitive to the addition of a preformed template, however, [2]rotaxane formation does show enhanced diastereoselectivity, most likely originating from its recognition-mediated formation through a ternary reactive complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Vidonne
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St Andrews , North Haugh St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1334 467264
| | - Tamara Kosikova
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St Andrews , North Haugh St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1334 467264
| | - Douglas Philp
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St Andrews , North Haugh St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1334 467264
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11
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Lee YJ, Ho TH, Lai CC, Chiu SH. Size effects in the alkali metal ion-templated formation of oligo(ethylene glycol)-containing [2]catenanes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1153-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01956g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most suitable alkali metal ions for templating the assembly of various homo- and hetero-[2]catenanes from the diamines containing central di-, tri-, and tetra(ethylene glycol) motifs, and isophthalaldehyde are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jay Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- ROC
| | - Tsung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- ROC
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung
- ROC
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- ROC
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12
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Kosikova T, Hassan NI, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Philp D. Orthogonal Recognition Processes Drive the Assembly and Replication of a [2]Rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16074-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kosikova
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - David B. Cordes
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Philp
- School
of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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13
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14
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Wu YW, Chen PN, Chang CF, Lai CC, Chiu SH. Synthesizing [2]Rotaxanes and [2]Catenanes through Na+-Templated Clipping of Macrocycles around Oligo(ethylene glycol) Units. Org Lett 2015; 17:2158-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Nung Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Fong Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University
and Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| |
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