1
|
Lavrova MA, Verzun SA, Mishurinskiy SA, Sirotin MA, Bykova SK, Gontcharenko VE, Mariasina SS, Korshunov VM, Taydakov IV, Belousov YA, Dolzhenko VD. Fine-Tuning of the Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with 2-Arylbenzimidazoles and 4,4'-Dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine. Molecules 2023; 28:6541. [PMID: 37764316 PMCID: PMC10536653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of cyclometalated complexes of ruthenium (II) with four different substituents in the aryl fragment of benzimidazole was synthesized in order to study the effect of substituent donation on the electronic structure of the substances. The resulting complexes were studied using X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, MALDI mass spectrometry, electron absorption spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry as well as DFT/TDDFT was also used to interpret the results. All the complexes have intense absorption in the range of up to 700 nm, the triplet nature of the excited state was confirmed by measurement of luminescence decay. With an increase in substituent donation, a red shift of the absorption and emission bands occurs, and the lifetime of the excited state and the redox potential of the complex decrease. The combination of these properties shows that the complexes are excellent dyes and can be used as photosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lavrova
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
| | - Stepan A. Verzun
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
| | - Sergey A. Mishurinskiy
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
| | - Maxim A. Sirotin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya K. Bykova
- Higher Chemical College of RAS, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria E. Gontcharenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Miasnitskaya Street, 101000 Moscow, Russia;
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.K.); (I.V.T.)
| | - Sofia S. Mariasina
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav M. Korshunov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.K.); (I.V.T.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.K.); (I.V.T.)
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyannoy per., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury A. Belousov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.K.); (I.V.T.)
| | - Vladimir D. Dolzhenko
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Street, Building 1/3, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.V.); (S.A.M.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.M.); (Y.A.B.)
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kessler BJO, Mansoor IF, Wozniak DI, Emge TJ, Lipke MC. Controlling Intramolecular and Intermolecular Electronic Coupling of Radical Ligands in a Series of Cobaltoviologen Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15924-15935. [PMID: 37460450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling electronic coupling between multiple redox sites is of interest for tuning the electronic properties of molecules and materials. While classic mixed-valence (MV) systems are highly tunable, e.g., via the organic bridges connecting the redox sites, metal-bridged MV systems are difficult to control because the electronics of the metal cannot usually be altered independently of redox-active moieties embedded in its ligands. Herein, this limitation was overcome by varying the donor strengths of ancillary ligands in a series of cobalt complexes without directly perturbing the electronics of viologen-like redox sites bridged by the cobalt ions. The cobaltoviologens [1X-Co]n+ feature four 4-X-pyridyl donor groups (X = CO2Me, Cl, H, Me, OMe, NMe2) that provide gradual electronic tuning of the bridging CoII centers, while a related complex [2-Co]n+ with NHC donors supports exclusively CoIII states even upon reduction of the viologen units. Electrochemistry and IVCT band analysis indicate that the MV states of these complexes have electronic structures ranging from fully localized ([2-Co]4+; Robin-Day Class I) to fully delocalized ([1CO2Me-Co]3+; Class III) descriptions, demonstrating unprecedented control over electronic coupling without changing the identity of the redox sites or bridging metal. Additionally, single-crystal XRD characterization of the homovalent complexes [1H-Co]2+ and [1H-Zn]2+ revealed radical-pairing interactions between the viologen ligands of adjacent complexes, representing a type of through-space electronic coupling commonly observed for organic viologen radicals but never before seen in metalloviologens. The extended solid-state packing of these complexes produces 3D networks of radical π-stacking interactions that impart unexpected mechanical flexibility to these crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice J O Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Derek I Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Z, Li Z, Xiao W, Kong L, Xu J, Xia Y, Zhu X, Zhang F, Ou YP. Terpyridine Ruthenium-Triarylamine Asymmetrical Mixed-Valence Systems: Syntheses, (Spectro) Electrochemistry and Theoretical Calculations. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
4
|
Wang H, Shao JY, Duan R, Wang KZ, Zhong YW. Synthesis and electronic coupling studies of cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-biphenyl. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4219-4230. [PMID: 33687405 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three cyclometalated diruthenium complexes bridged by 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(benzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl (H-tbibp) and capped with different terminal ligands have been synthesized and examined. In addition, two monoruthenium complexes with H-tbibp have been prepared for the purpose of comparison studies. The degree of Ru-Ru electronic coupling of these diruthenium complexes has been investigated by electrochemical and intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) analyses. These results suggest that when the same or similar terminal ligands are used, the strength of H-tbibp in mediating the Ru-Ru coupling is enhanced with respect to that of the previously reported bridging ligand 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)biphenyl, but it is slightly inferior to that of the classical bridging ligand 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(pyrid-2-yl)biphenyl. This trend is also supported by CNS analyses based on the hole-superexchange mechanism. In addition, DFT calculations have been performed to probe the spin density distributions of the singly-oxidized diruthenium complexes with H-tbibp and TDDFT calculations are used to reproduce the IVCT transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Experimental and theoretical exploration of photophysics and trans-cis photoisomerization of styrylbenzene conjugated terpyridine complexes of Ru(II): Strong effect of deprotonation from second coordination sphere. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
6
|
Luo Y, Tran JH, Wächtler M, Schulz M, Barthelmes K, Winter A, Rau S, Schubert US, Dietzek B. Remote control of electronic coupling – modification of excited-state electron-transfer rates in Ru(tpy)2-based donor–acceptor systems by remote ligand design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2273-2276. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Electronic coupling (HDA) underlying the electron transfer (ET) can be tuned by the remote substituents R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
| | - Jens H. Tran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Kevin Barthelmes
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pal P, Mukherjee S, Maity D, Baitalik S. Synthesis, Photophysics, and Switchable Luminescence Properties of a New Class of Ruthenium(II)-Terpyridine Complexes Containing Photoisomerizable Styrylbenzene Units. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14526-14537. [PMID: 31458137 PMCID: PMC6645016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and structural characterization of a new class of homoleptic terpyridine complexes of Ru(II) containing styrylbenzene moieties to improve room-temperature luminescence properties. Solid-state structure determination of 2 was done through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Tuning of photophysical properties was done by incorporating both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in the ligand. The complexes exhibit strong emission having lifetimes in the range of 10.0-158.5 ns, dependent on the substituent and the solvent. Good correlations were also observed between Hammett σp parameters with the lifetimes of the complexes. Styrylbenzene moieties in the complexes induce trans-trans to trans-cis isomerization accompanied by huge alteration of their spectral profiles upon treating with UV light. Reversal of trans-cis to trans-trans forms was also achieved on interacting with visible light. Change from trans-trans to the corresponding trans-cis form leads to emission quenching, whereas trans-cis to the corresponding trans-trans form leads to restoration of emission. In essence, "on-off" and "off-on" photoswitching of luminescence was observed. Calculations involving density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT methods were performed to understand the electronic structures as well as for appropriate assignment of the absorption and emission bands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shruti Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dinesh Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Katwa College, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713130, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pal P, Mukherjee S, Maity D, Baitalik S. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Luminescence Switching of Diarylethene-Conjugated Ru(II)-Terpyridine Complexes by trans-cis Photoisomerization: Experimental and DFT/TD-DFT Investigation. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5743-5753. [PMID: 29701476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized and thoroughly characterized a new family of diarylethene-conjugated mononuclear Ru(II)-terpyridine complexes and investigated in detail their photophysical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical behaviors. Interestingly, the compounds show moderately strong room-temperature luminescence predominantly from their 3MLCT state with luminescence lifetime varying between 8.43 and 22.82 ns. Because of the presence of diarylethene unit, all the monometallic complexes underwent trans-to-cis photoisomerization upon interaction with UV light with substantial changes in their absorption and luminescence spectra. Reverting back from the cis to the trans form is also made possible upon treatment with visible light or by heat. Trans-to-cis isomerization leads to almost complete quenching of luminescence, while backward cis-to-trans isomerization gives rise to restoration of the original luminescence for all the complexes. Thus, "on-off" and "off-on" emission switching was made possible upon successive interaction of the complexes with UV and visible light. Computational investigation involving density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods was done for proper assignment of the experimental absorption and emission spectral bands in the complexes. Finally, experimentally observed trend on the absorption and emission spectral behaviors of the complexes upon photoisomerization was also compared with the calculated results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Shruti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Dinesh Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mondal S, Schwederski B, Frey W, Fiedler J, Záliš S, Kaim W. At the Borderline between Metal–Metal Mixed Valency and a Radical Bridge Situation: Four Charge States of a Diruthenium Complex with a Redox-Active Bis(mer-tridentate) Ligand. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shao JY, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Bridged cyclometalated diruthenium complexes for fundamental electron transfer studies and multi-stage redox switching. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:23-29. [PMID: 29230470 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four bridged cyclometalated diruthenium systems are highlighted in this Frontier article, including strongly-coupled diruthenium complexes with a short phen-1,4-diyl or a planar pyren-2,7-diyl bridge, redox asymmetric diruthenium complexes characterized by different terminal ligands on the two ends, diruthenium complexes with a urea bridge that allows modulating the degree of electronic coupling, and those with a redox-active amine bridge with varying electronic structures. These complexes posess redox couples with low potentials and intense intervalence charge transfer absorptions in the near-infrared region in the one-electron-oxidized mixed-valent state. They are appealing not only for providing a platform for fundamental electron transfer studies but also as molecular materials with multi-stage redox switching properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yang Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellencet in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellencet in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellencet in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oviedo PS, Pieslinger GE, Cadranel A, Baraldo LM. Exploring the localized to delocalized transition in non-symmetric bimetallic ruthenium polypyridines. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15757-15768. [PMID: 29095449 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the evolution of the properties of the inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) transition in a family of cyanide-bridged ruthenium polypyridines of general formula [RuII(tpy)(bpy)(μ-CN)RuIII(bpy)2(L)]3/4+ (tpy = 2,2',6',2''-terpyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; L = Cl-, NCS-, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or acetonitrile). In these complexes, the redox potential difference between both ruthenium centers (ΔE) is systematically modified. A decrease in ΔE causes a red shift of the energy and an intensity enhancement of the observed IVCT transitions. For L = acetonitrile, the IVCT band becomes narrower and asymmetrical, and shows very little dependence on the nature of the solvent, suggesting a delocalized configuration, although a non-symmetrical one. Also, additional electronic transitions of low energy are clearly resolved in this complex. The observed variation in the properties of the IVCT transitions can be understood on the basis of DFT calculations, that point to increasing mixing between the dπ orbitals of both Ru ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Oviedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mondal D, Biswas S, Paul A, Baitalik S. Luminescent Dinuclear Ruthenium Terpyridine Complexes with a Bis-Phenylbenzimidazole Spacer. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7624-7641. [PMID: 28654273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A conjugated bis-terpyridine bridging ligand, 2-(4-(2,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-6-(2-(4-(2,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole (tpy-BPhBzimH2-tpy), was designed in this work by covalent coupling of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and two 4'-(p-formylphenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine units to synthesize a new series of bimetallic Ru(II)-terpyridine light-harvesting complexes. Photophysical and electrochemical properties were modulated by the variation of the terminal ligands in the complexes. The new compounds were thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Absorption spectra of the complexes consist of very strong ligand-centered π-π* and n-π* transitions in the UV, metal-to-ligand, and intraligand charge transfer bands in the visible regions. Steady-state and time-resolved emission spectral measurements indicate that the complexes exhibit moderately intense luminescence at room temperature within the spectral domain of 653-687 nm having luminescence lifetimes in the range between 6.3 and 55.2 ns, depending upon terminal tridentate ligand and solvent. Variable-temperature luminescence measurements suggest substantial increase of the energy gap between luminescent 3metal-to-ligand charge transfer state and nonluminescent 3metal centered in the complexes compared to the parent [Ru(tpy)2]2+. Each of the three bimetallic complexes exhibits only one reversible couple in the positive potential window with almost no detectable splitting corresponding to simultaneous oxidation of the two remote Ru centers. All the complexes possess a number of imidazole NH protons, which became sufficiently acidic upon metal ion coordination. By utilizing these NH protons, we thoroughly studied anion recognition properties of the complexes in pure organic as well as predominantly aqueous media through multiple optical channels and spectroscopic methods. Finally computation investigations employing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT were done to examine the electronic structures of the complexes and accurate assignment of experimentally observed optical spectral bands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debiprasad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sourav Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Animesh Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Design of Ruthenium Biimidazole-Anthraquinone Dyads to Demonstrate Photoinduced Electron Transfer: Combined Experimental and DFT/TD-DFT Investigations. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Ansari MA, Mandal A, Paretzki A, Beyer K, Fiedler J, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. 1,5-Diamido-9,10-anthraquinone, a Centrosymmetric Redox-Active Bridge with Two Coupled β-Ketiminato Chelate Functions: Symmetric and Asymmetric Diruthenium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5655-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Asif Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Alexa Paretzki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Beyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong YW, Gong ZL, Shao JY, Yao J. Electronic coupling in cyclometalated ruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Mandal A, Hoque MA, Grupp A, Paretzki A, Kaim W, Lahiri GK. Analysis of Redox Series of Unsymmetrical 1,4-Diamido-9,10-anthraquinone-Bridged Diruthenium Compounds. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2146-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai−400076, India
| | - Md Asmaul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai−400076, India
| | - Anita Grupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexa Paretzki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai−400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kreitner C, Heinze K. The photochemistry of mono- and dinuclear cyclometalated bis(tridentate)ruthenium(ii) complexes: dual excited state deactivation and dual emission. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5640-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A low-energy 3LL′CT state efficiently depopulates the emissive 3MLCT state in cyclometalated [Ru(dpb-R)(tpy)]+ complexes (dpbH = 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene, tpy = 2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridine).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kreitner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen JJ, Shao JY, Zhu X, Zhong YW. Amine–Amine Electronic Coupling through a Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene Bridge. Org Lett 2015; 18:256-9. [PMID: 26720697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen JJ, Shao JY, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Cyclometalated Osmium-Amine Electronic Communication through the p-Oligophenylene Wire. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10776-84. [PMID: 26567859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis-tridentate cyclometalated osmium complexes with a redox-active triarylamine substituent have been prepared, where the amine substituent is separated from the osmium ion by a p-oligophenylene wire of various lengths. X-ray crystallographic data of complexes 3(PF6) and 4(PF6) with three or four repeating phenyl units between the osmium ion and the amine substituent are presented. These complexes show two consecutive anodic redox couples between +0.1 and +0.9 V vs Ag/AgCl, with the potential splitting in the range of 300-390 mV. A combined experimental and theoretical study suggests that, in the one-electron-oxidized state, the odd electron is delocalized for short congeners and localized on the osmium component for long congeners. The electronic coupling parameter (Vab) was estimated by the Marcus-Hush analysis. The distance dependence plot of ln(Vab) versus the osmium-amine geometrical distance (Rab) gives a negative linear relationship with a decay slope of -0.19 Å(-1), which is slightly steeper with respect to the previously reported ruthenium-amine series with the same molecular wire. DFT calculations with the long-range-corrected UCAM-B3LYP functional gave more reasonable results for the osmium complexes with respect to those with UB3LYP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shen JJ, Zhong YW. Long-Range Ruthenium-Amine Electronic Communication through the para-Oligophenylene Wire. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13835. [PMID: 26344929 PMCID: PMC4561373 DOI: 10.1038/srep13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies of long-range electronic communication are hampered by solubility and potential-splitting issues. A “hybridized redox-asymmetry” method using a combination of organic and inorganic redox species is proposed and exemplified to overcome these two issues. Complexes 1(PF6)–6(PF6) (from short to long in length) with the organic redox-active amine and inorganic cyclometalated ruthenium termini bridged by the para-oligophenylene wire have been prepared. Complex 6 has the longest Ru-amine geometrical distance of 27.85 Å. Complexes 3(PF6) and 4(PF6) show lamellar crystal packing on the basis of a head-to-tail anti-parallelly aligned dimeric structure. Two redox waves are observed for all complexes in the potential region between +0.2 and +0.9 V vs Ag/AgCl. The electrochemical potential splitting is 410, 220, 143, 112, 107, and 105 mV for 1(PF6) through 6(PF6), respectively. Ruthenium (+2) to aminium (N•+) charge transfer transitions have been identified for the odd-electron compounds 12+–62+ by spectroelectrochemical measurements. The electronic communication between amine and ruthenium decreases exponentially with a decay slope of −0.137 Å−1. DFT calculations have been performed to complement these experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun MJ, Shao JY, Yao CJ, Zhong YW, Yao J. Osmium Bisterpyridine Complexes with Redox-Active Amine Substituents: A Comparison Study with Ruthenium Analogues. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8136-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jia Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang W, Shao J, Zhong Y. Cyclometalated Diruthenium Complexes Bridged by 3,3′,5,5′‐Tetra(pyrid‐2‐yl)biphenyl: Tuning of Electronic Properties and Intervalence Charge Transfer by Terminal Ligand Effects. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100190, P. R. China, http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
| | - Jiang‐Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100190, P. R. China, http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
| | - Yu‐Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100190, P. R. China, http://zhongyuwu.iccas.ac.cn/
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kong DD, Xue LS, Jang R, Liu B, Meng XG, Jin S, Ou YP, Hao X, Liu SH. Conformational Tuning of the Intramolecular Electronic Coupling in Molecular-Wire Biruthenium Complexes Bridged by Biphenyl Derivatives. Chemistry 2015; 21:9895-904. [PMID: 26013288 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Lu-Sha Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Rui Jang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Xiang-Gao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China).
| | - Ya-Ping Ou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Xiao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China)
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079 (P. R. China).
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gong ZL, Zhong YW, Yao J. Conformation-determined through-bond versus through-space electronic communication in mixed-valence systems with a cross-conjugated urea bridge. Chemistry 2014; 21:1554-66. [PMID: 25421648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bis-triarylamine 2 and cyclometalated diruthenium 6(PF6)2 with a linear trans,trans-urea bridge have been prepared, together with the bis-triarylamine 3 and cyclometalated diruthenium 8(PF6)2 with a folded cis,cis-N,N-dimethylurea bridge. The linear or folded conformations of these molecules are supported by single-crystal X-ray structures of 2, 3, and other related compounds. These compounds display two consecutive anodic redox waves (N(·+/0) or Ru(III/II) processes) with a potential separation of 110-170 mV. This suggests that an efficient electronic coupling is present between two redox termini through the cross-conjugated urea bridge. The degree of electronic coupling has been investigated by using spectroelectrochemical measurements. Distinct intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) transitions have been observed for mixed-valent (MV) compounds with a linear conformation. The IVCT transitions can also be identified for the folded MV compounds, albeit with a much weaker intensity. DFT results support that the electronic communication occurs by a through-bond and through-space pathway for the linear and folded compounds, respectively. The IVCT transitions of the MV compounds have been reproduced by TDDFT calculations. For the purpose of comparison, a bistriarylamine and a diruthenium complex with an imidazolidin-2-one bridge and a urea-containing mono-triarylamine and monoruthenium complex have been synthesized and studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yao CJ, Nie HJ, Yang WW, Shao JY, Yao J, Zhong YW. Strongly Coupled Cyclometalated Ruthenium-Triarylamine Hybrids: Tuning Electrochemical Properties, Intervalence Charge Transfer, and Spin Distribution by Substituent Effects. Chemistry 2014; 20:17466-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
26
|
Nie HJ, Shao JY, Yao CJ, Zhong YW. Organic–inorganic mixed-valence systems with strongly-coupled triarylamine and cyclometalated osmium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10082-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|