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Tümay SO, Şenocak A, Çoşut B, Alidağı HA, Yeşilot S. A water-soluble small molecular fluorescent sensor based on phosphazene platform for selective detection of nitroaromatic compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00388-3. [PMID: 36807055 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-aromatic compounds have a deleterious effect on the environment and they are extremely explosive. Therefore, societal concern about exposure to nitro-aromatic compounds encourages researchers to develop selective and sensitive detection platforms for nitro-aromatic compounds in recent years. In this paper, a new 100% water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene-based bridged naphthalene material (4) was prepared as a small molecule fluorescent sensor for ultra-selective detection of nitro-aromatic compounds. The chemical structure of 4 was extensively characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (31P, 13C, 1H). The photo-physical properties of the newly developed sensing system were investigated by steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopies. The fluorescence sensor behaviors were extensively evaluated after treatment with the most commonly used metal cations, anions, competitive aromatic compounds, saccharides, and organic acids. The developed fluorescent sensing system (4) demonstrated ultra-selective fluorescence "turn-off" signal change toward nitro-aromatic compounds while other tested competitive species caused negligible changes. To evaluate selectivity, time-resolved, steady-state 3D-fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopies were used in fully aqueous media. Moreover, theoretical calculations (density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory) were applied and discussed to identify fluorescence sensing mechanisms toward nitroaromatic compounds for the presented sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şenocak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Çoşut
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Yeşilot
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Liu L, Sun B, Ding R, Mao Y. Theoretical Investigations on the Detecting Mechanism of a Typical 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol Fluorescence Sensor and Its Design Strategy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:230-238. [PMID: 34995455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence sensors based on small organic molecules are drawing increasing attention. In this contribution, the underlying detection mechanism of a typical fluorescence sensor for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) based on fluorescence quenching is comprehensively investigated. The TNP molecule is proved to plant an intermolecular electron transfer state (dark state) below the bright state. Strong π-π interaction is observed between the sensor and TNP, which provides considerable orbital overlaps between the sensor and analyte. Electron transfer from the sensor to analyte is facilitated by such a strong interaction, which quenches the sensor's fluorescence. The design strategy for such TNP sensors is proposed based on the detection mechanism, and a series of new sensors is designed, which is likely to have better sensitivity than the original sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Ran Ding
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yueyuan Mao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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Tümay SO, Irani-Nezhad MH, Khataee A. Multi-anthracene containing fluorescent probe for spectrofluorimetric iron determination in environmental water samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119250. [PMID: 33316650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An anthracene-based fluorescence (FL) system was synthesized via a general synthetic procedure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), MALDI-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C and 1H NMR) were carried out to characterize the multi-anthracene containing probe. The photophysical properties of the probe were illustrated via 3D-FL analysis and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) measurements. Density-functional theory (DFT) was applied to optimize the structure of the prepared probe and investigate its molecular interactions with Fe3+. The FL proficiency of the probe was appraised by spectroscopic measurements like Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and FL spectroscopies. The simple and highly sensitive probe was able to diagnose ferric ions' low concentrations and detection limit reached upto 0.223 µM with linear working range between 0.22 and 92.00 µM for Fe3+ ions. The efficacy of this fluorescent probe was confirmed by testing for iron determination in environmental samples. Various fluorophores or ionophores could be applied for achieving novel probes by the proposed procedures and for diagnosing diverse metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Mahsa Haddad Irani-Nezhad
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.
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Shakya S, Khan IM. Charge transfer complexes: Emerging and promising colorimetric real-time chemosensors for hazardous materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123537. [PMID: 32823028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After introducing the concept of charge transfer (CT) complex formation by Mulliken and the discovery of crystalline picrate (association of picric acid and aromatic hydrocarbons) by Fritzsches, a large interest has been drawn in this field. CT complexes have been explored and exploited for different applications for several decades. The research has been aimed mostly for discovering and characterizing new CT materials and exploring applications mainly in the field of optoelectronic properties, antimicrobial activities and DNA/protein binding properties for the last six years. However, nowadays, CT complexes are exploited for their photocatalytic activities and designing chemosensors for the colorimetric real-time detection of hazardous materials like nitro explosives, anions and toxic heavy metal ions in an aqueous medium. This review sheds light on updates on CT complexes, their types, synthesis and applications. The brief discussion on the emergence of CT complexes as highly potential chemosensors along with the explanation of sensing mechanism through article summarization is the centerpiece of this review. The final outcomes are discussed and concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Shakya
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ishaat M Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Garay RO, Del Rosso PG, Romagnoli MJ, Almassio MF, Schvval AB. Photoactive thin films of terphenylene-based amorphous polymers. Synthesis, electrooptical properties, and role of photoquenching and inner filter effects in the chemosensing of nitroaromatics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Özcan E, Tümay SO, Keşan G, Yeşilot S, Çoşut B. The novel anthracene decorated dendrimeric cyclophosphazenes for highly selective sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117115. [PMID: 31141770 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel fluorescent anthracene-decorated cyclotri- and cyclotetraphosphazenes (5 and 6) are designed and synthesized, and their chemosensor behaviors against nitroaromatic compounds are examined by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies for addressing the sensors with cyclophosphazenes for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene detection. The fluorescence intensities of (5 and 6) are found to be selectively quenched by only 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene through the non-covalent π⋯π stacking interactions between anthracene-substituted cyclophosphazenes and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. In addition, cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculation of novel sensor systems are studied. The proposed fluorescent sensor systems are critical in terms of practical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Özcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Keşan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yeşilot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bünyemin Çoşut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Krishnan S, Suneesh CV. Fluorene – Triazine conjugated porous organic polymer framework for superamplified sensing of nitroaromatic explosives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Thoury-Monbrun V, Gaucel S, Rouessac V, Guillard V, Angellier-Coussy H. Assessing the potential of quartz crystal microbalance to estimate water vapor transfer in micrometric size cellulose particles. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:307-314. [PMID: 29628251 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at assessing the use of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coupled with an adsorption system to measure water vapor transfer properties in micrometric size cellulose particles. This apparatus allows measuring successfully water vapor sorption kinetics at successive relative humidity (RH) steps on a dispersion of individual micrometric size cellulose particles (1 μg) with a total acquisition duration of the order of one hour. Apparent diffusivity and water uptake at equilibrium were estimated at each step of RH by considering two different particle geometries in mass transfer modeling, i.e. sphere or finite cylinder, based on the results obtained from image analysis. Water vapor diffusivity values varied from 2.4 × 10-14 m2 s-1 to 4.2 × 10-12 m2 s-1 over the tested RH range (0-80%) whatever the model used. A finite cylinder or spherical geometry could be used equally for diffusivity identification for a particle size aspect ratio lower than 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Thoury-Monbrun
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
| | - Sébastien Gaucel
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
| | - Vincent Rouessac
- IEM ENSCM, UM, CNRS UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| | - Valérie Guillard
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
| | - Hélène Angellier-Coussy
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
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Shaw PE, Burn PL. Real-time fluorescence quenching-based detection of nitro-containing explosive vapours: what are the key processes? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:29714-29730. [PMID: 28850131 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of explosives continues to be a pressing global challenge with many potential technologies being pursued by the scientific research community. Luminescence-based detection of explosive vapours with an organic semiconductor has attracted much interest because of its potential for detectors that have high sensitivity, compact form factor, simple operation and low-cost. Despite the abundance of literature on novel sensor materials systems there are relatively few mechanistic studies targeted towards vapour-based sensing. In this Perspective, we will review the progress that has been made in understanding the processes that control the real-time luminescence quenching of thin films by analyte vapours. These are the non-radiative quenching process by which the sensor exciton decays, the analyte-sensor intermolecular binding interaction, and the diffusion process for the analyte vapours in the film. We comment on the contributions of each of these processes towards the sensing response and, in particular, the relative roles of analyte diffusion and exciton diffusion. While the latter has been historically judged to be one of, if not the primary, causes for the high sensitivity of many conjugated polymers to nitrated vapours, recent evidence suggests that long exciton diffusion lengths are unnecessary. The implications of these results on the development of sensor materials for real-time detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Shanmugaraju S, Mukherjee PS. π-Electron rich small molecule sensors for the recognition of nitroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16014-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07513k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article we provide an overview of the recent developments made in small molecule-based turn-off fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatic explosives with special focus on organic and H-bonded supramolecular sensors.
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