1
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Laglera-Gándara CJ, Jiménez-Pérez J, Fernández-de-Córdova FJ, Ríos P, Conejero S. Electrophilic Hydrosilylation of Electron-Rich Alkenes Derived from Enamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404859. [PMID: 38634763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The low-electron count, air-stable, platinum complexes [Pt(ItBu')(ItBu)][BArF] (C1) (ItBu=1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene), [Pt(SiPh)3(ItBuiPr)2][BArF] (C2) (ItBuiPr=1-tert-butyl-3-iso-propylimidazol-2-ylidene), [Pt(SiPh)3(ItBuMe)2][BArF] (C3), [Pt(GePh3)(ItBuiPr)2][BArF] (C4), [Pt(GePh)3(ItBuMe)2][BArF] (C5) and [Pt(GeEt)3(ItBuMe)2][BArF] (C6) (ItBuMe=1-tert-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) are efficient catalysts (particularly the germyl derivatives) in both the silylative dehydrocoupling and hydrosilylation of electron rich alkenes derived from enamines. The steric hindrance exerted by the NHC ligand plays an important role in the selectivity of the reaction. Thus, bulky ligands are selective towards the silylative dehydrocoupling process whereas less sterically hindered promote the selective hydrosilylation reaction. The latter is, in addition, regioselective towards the β-carbon atom of both internal and terminal enamines, leading to β-aminosilanes. Moreover, the syn stereochemistry of the amino and silyl groups implies an anti Si-H bond addition across the double bond. All these facts point to a mechanistic picture that, according to experimental and computational studies, involves a non-classical hydrosilylation process through an outer-sphere mechanism in which a formal nucleophilic addition of the enamine to the silicon atom of a platinum σ-SiH complex is the key step. This is in sharp contrast with the classical Chalk-Harrod mechanism prevalent in platinum chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Laglera-Gándara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julián Jiménez-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández-de-Córdova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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2
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Kumar R, Meher RK, Karmakar H, Panda TK. Hydrosilylation of nitriles and tertiary amides using a zinc precursor. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3053-3058. [PMID: 38545870 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a competent and selective hydrosilylation of nitriles and tertiary amides catalyzed by the readily available zinc bis(hexamethyldisilazide) under solvent-free and mild conditions, making it a sustainable and desirable alternative to existing methods. Both protocols afforded high conversion, superior selectivity, and a broad substrate scope, from electron-withdrawing to electron-donating and heterocyclic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Rohan Kumar Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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3
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Fang F, Zhang J. Notable Catalytic Activity of Transition Metal Thiolate Complexes against Hydrosilylation and Hydroboration of Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201181. [PMID: 36545848 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemists tend to use transition metal hydride complexes rather than thiolate complexes to catalyse chemical transformations because the hydride complexes possess diverse catalytic reactivity, although most of them are air/moisture-sensitive and difficult to prepare. By comparing the catalytic performances of pincer ligated group 10 metal thiolate and hydride complexes in catalysing the hydroboration and hydrosilylation of C=O and C=N bonds, we demonstrate in this review that transition metal thiolate complexes are much better catalysts than the corresponding hydride complexes in catalysing this type of reactions. Many hydroboration and hydrosilylation reactions catalysed by pincer ligated group 10 metal hydride complexes can also be catalysed by the corresponding thiolate complexes and the thiolate systems are far more active. Therefore, the applications of transition metal thiolate complexes in the catalytic hydroboration and hydrosilylation of unsaturated carbon-heteroatom bonds deserve special attention in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and, Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
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4
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The catalytic activity difference of bis(phosphinite) pincer ligated Pt(II) thiolate and hydride complexes against hydrosilylation of aldimines. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Verma V, Koperniku A, Edwards PM, Schafer LL. N-Silylamines in catalysis: synthesis and reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9174-9189. [PMID: 35929426 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A summary of the catalytic synthesis and reactivity of N-silylated amines is presented. Dehydrocoupling of amines with silanes, hydrosilylation of imines and dealkenylative coupling of amines with vinylsilanes are three ways to achieve their catalytic syntheses. The resultant N-silylamines serve as substrates in a variety of reactions, including C-N and C-C bond forming reactions, and are preferred in transformations because of the facile Si-N hydrolytic cleavage to reveal free amine products upon reaction completion. This review highlights the distinct electronic properties of N-silyl amines, N-silyl imines and N-silyl enamines that result in complementary reactivity to that of parent non-silyl variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Verma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Ana Koperniku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter M Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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6
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St John-Campbell S, Sheppard T. Imine Azaenolates: Synthesis, Reactivity and Outlook. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Sheppard
- University College London UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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7
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Rodríguez AM, Pérez-Ruíz J, Molina F, Poveda A, Pérez-Soto R, Maseras F, Díaz-Requejo MM, Pérez PJ. Introducing the Catalytic Amination of Silanes via Nitrene Insertion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10608-10614. [PMID: 35648453 PMCID: PMC9490852 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
direct functionalization
of Si–H bonds by the nitrene
insertion methodology is described. A copper(I) complex bearing a
trispyrazolylborate ligand catalyzes the transfer of a nitrene group
from PhI=NTs to the Si–H bond of silanes, disilanes,
and siloxanes, leading to the exclusive formation of Si–NH
moieties in the first example of this transformation. The process
tolerates other functionalities in the substrate such as several C–H
bonds and alkyne and alkene moieties directly bonded to the silicon
center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a mechanistic
interpretation consisting of a Si–H homolytic cleavage and
subsequent rebound to the Si-centered radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Poveda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Soto
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Mar Díaz-Requejo
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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8
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Bories CC, Barbazanges M, Derat E, Petit M. Implication of a Silyl Cobalt Dihydride Complex as a Useful Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Imines. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre C. Bories
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Barbazanges
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Li Y, Zhou M, Park S, Dang L. Comparative DFT Study on Dehydrogenative C(sp)-H Elementation (E = Si, Ge, and Sn) of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Cationic Ruthenium(II) Thiolate Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6228-6238. [PMID: 33852282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a comparative theoretical study of dehydrogenative C(sp)-H functionalizations of a terminal alkyne with group-14-based hydrides (HEEt3; E = Si, Ge, Sn) catalyzed by an Ohki-Tatsumi complex-a cationic Ru(II) complex with a tethered thiolate ligand ([Ru-S] = [(DmpS)Ru(PiPr3)][BAr4F]; Dmp = 2,6-(dimesityl)2C6H3; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3). The calculations indicate that the energy barriers for heterolytic cleavage of the H-EEt3 bonds at the Ru-S sites of the Ohki-Tatsumi complex highly vary depending on the group 14 elements from 3.8 kcal/mol (E = Sn) to 10.5 kcal/mol (E = Ge) and 18.5 kcal/mol (E = Si), where Ru and S elements cooperatively serve as the Lewis acid and base, respectively. Likewise, the transfer of the group 14 cation (Et3E+) to the C-C triple bond to generate the β-element-stabilized vinyl cations-the rate-determining step (RDS) of the overall reaction-is predicted to be susceptible to the element's identity [Ea = 36.8 for Sn < 42.9 and Ge < 50.7 for Si (kcal/mol)]. The key transition states involved in the RDS are compared in terms of energy and structure within each system of the group 14 hydrides. The distortion/interaction-activation strain (DIAS) model analysis of the transition states responsible for dehydrogenative stannylation and hydrostannation of a terminal alkyne sheds light on the origin of the experimentally observed kinetic preference toward dehydrogenative C-H stannylation over hydrostannation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
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10
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Palumbo F, Rohrbach S, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. N‐Silylation of Amines Mediated by Et
3
SiH/KO
t
Bu. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Palumbo
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street UK-Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom E-mal
| | - Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street UK-Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom E-mal
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street UK-Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom E-mal
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street UK-Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom E-mal
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11
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Rhodium-catalyzed formation of silylcarbamates from the reaction of secondary amines with CO2 and hydrosilanes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Higashi T, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Cleavage of Si-H, B-H, and C-H Bonds by Metal-Ligand Cooperation. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10393-10402. [PMID: 31408323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperation, in which metal and ligand participate in bond cleavage and formation, is gathering great attention in recent years. In contrast to the classical bond cleavage by active metal centers with spectator ligands, metal-ligand cooperation has enabled unprecedented reactivities. Especially, metal-ligand cooperative H-H bond cleavage has been extensively studied and applied to various catalysts. On the other hand, there are substantial efforts to expand the scope of the bond to be cleaved other than the H-H bond. This review summarizes the recent progress in the metal-ligand cooperative cleavages of Si-H, B-H, and C-H bonds and their catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Higashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
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13
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Ding R, Chen H, Xu Y, Tang H, Chen Y, Pan Y. Photoinduced Cascade Reaction of Tertiary Amines with Sulfonyl Azides: Synthesis of Amidine Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of GuangxiNormal University Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Pharmacy SchoolGuilin Medical University Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Li Xu
- Pharmacy SchoolGuilin Medical University Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai‐Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of GuangxiNormal University Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Yan Chen
- Pharmacy SchoolGuilin Medical University Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of GuangxiNormal University Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
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14
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Reshi NUD, Kathuria L, Samuelson AG. Chemoselective Reduction of Imines Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Half‐Sandwich Complexes: A Mechanistic Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor U. Din Reshi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Lakshay Kathuria
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Ashoka G. Samuelson
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
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15
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Gatus MRD, Pernik I, Tompsett JA, Binding SC, Peterson MB, Messerle BA. Simple and reactive Ir(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for alkyne activation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4333-4340. [PMID: 30860538 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two simple unsymmetrical monometallic Ir(i) complexes with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and an analogous bimetallic Ir(i) complex were synthesised. These complexes were found to be extremely active catalysts for a range of C-X (X = N or O) and Si-N bond forming reactions involving alkyne and imine activation for dihydroalkoxylation, hydroamination and hydrosilylation reactions. These catalysts exhibited reaction rates far exceeding those of other Rh(i) and Ir(i) complexes previously reported. In addition, a small change to the ligand design (phenyl vs. mesityl) substantially affected both the reactivity and product selectivity of the catalyst. The Ir(i) complex bearing a mesitylene wingtip provided unprecedented regioselectivity in the dihydroalkoxylation reaction and a new kinetic product from the typical hydrosilylation protocol of 2-benyzlpyrroline to produce an N-silylaminoalkene. Our mechanistic studies indicated that this transformation proceeded via a dehydrogenative coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R D Gatus
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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16
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Pommerening P, Stahl T, Oestreich M. Direct Acetophenone-Acetophenone Crossed Aldol Reaction and Aldol Self-Reaction Promoted by a Tethered Ru-S Complex. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pommerening
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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17
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Tri(pentaflurophenyl)borane-catalyzed reduction of cyclic imides with hydrosilanes: Synthesis of pyrrolidines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. The electrophilic aromatic substitution approach to C–H silylation and C–H borylation. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several approaches toward electrophilic C–H silylation of electron-rich arenes are discussed, comprising transition-metal-catalyzed processes as well as Lewis-acid- and Brønsted-acid-induced protocols. These methods differ in the catalytic generation of the silicon electrophile but share proton removal in form of dihydrogen. With slight modifications, these methods are often also applicable to the related electrophilic C–H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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19
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Forster F, Rendón López VM, Oestreich M. Catalytic Dehydrogenative Stannylation of C(sp)–H Bonds Involving Cooperative Sn–H Bond Activation of Hydrostannanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1259-1262. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Forster
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria M. Rendón López
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Tappe NA, Reich RM, D'Elia V, Kühn FE. Current advances in the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide by molecular catalysts: an update. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13281-13313. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances (2015–) in the catalytic conversion of CO2 by metal-based and metal-free systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A. Tappe
- Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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21
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Pèrez-Miqueo J, San Nacianceno V, Urquiola FB, Freixa Z. Revisiting the iridacycle-catalyzed hydrosilylation of enolizable imines. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In situ1H NMR spectroscopy reveals a cascade mechanism for the hydrosilylation of enolizable imines catalyzed by iridium(iii) metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pèrez-Miqueo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Virginia San Nacianceno
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - F. Borja Urquiola
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Zoraida Freixa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU)
- San Sebastián
- Spain
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22
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Forster F, Metsänen TT, Irran E, Hrobárik P, Oestreich M. Cooperative Al–H Bond Activation in DIBAL-H: Catalytic Generation of an Alumenium-Ion-Like Lewis Acid for Hydrodefluorinative Friedel–Crafts Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16334-16342. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Forster
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni T. Metsänen
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kuciński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
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24
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Omann L, Königs CDF, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Cooperative Catalysis at Metal-Sulfur Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1258-1269. [PMID: 28406290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative catalysis has attracted tremendous attention in recent years, emerging as a key strategy for the development of novel atom-economic and environmentally more benign catalytic processes. In particular, Noyori-type complexes with metal-nitrogen bonds have been extensively studied and evolved as privileged catalysts in hydrogenation chemistry. In contrast, catalysts containing metal-sulfur bonds as the reactive site are out of the ordinary, despite their abundance in living systems, where they are assumed to play a key role in biologically relevant processes. For instance, the heterolysis of dihydrogen catalyzed by [NiFe] hydrogenase is likely to proceed through cooperative H-H bond splitting at a polar nickel-sulfur bond. This Account provides an overview of reported metal-sulfur complexes that allow for cooperative E-H bond (E = H, Si, and B) activation and highlights the potential of this motif in catalytic applications. In recent years, our contributions to this research field have led to the development of a broad spectrum of synthetically useful transformations catalyzed by cationic ruthenium(II) thiolate complexes of type [(DmpS)Ru(PR3)]+BArF4- (DmpS = 2,6-dimesitylphenyl thiolate, ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl). The tethered coordination mode of the bulky 2,6-dimesitylphenyl thiolate ligand is crucial, stabilizing the coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium atom and also preventing formation of binuclear sulfur-bridged complexes. The ruthenium-sulfur bond of these complexes combines Lewis acidity at the metal center and Lewis basicity at the adjacent sulfur atom. This structural motif allows for reversible heterolytic splitting of E-H bonds (E = H, Si, and B) across the polar ruthenium-sulfur bond, generating a metal hydride and a sulfur-stabilized E+ cation. Hence, this activation mode provides a new strategy to catalytically generate silicon and boron electrophiles. After transfer of the electrophile to a Lewis-basic substrate, the resulting neutral ruthenium(II) hydride can either act as a hydride donor (reductant) or as a proton acceptor (Brønsted base); the latter scenario is followed by dihydrogen release. On the basis of this concept, the tethered ruthenium(II) thiolate complexes emerged as widely applicable catalysts for various transformations, which can be categorized into (i) dehydrogenative couplings [Si-C(sp2), Si-O, Si-N, and B-C(sp2)], (ii) chemoselective reductions (hydrogenation and hydrosilylation), and (iii) hydrodefluorination reactions. All reactions are promoted by a single catalyst motif through synergistic metal-sulfur interplay. The most prominent examples of these transformations are the first catalytic protocols for the regioselective C-H silylation and borylation of electron-rich heterocycles following a Friedel-Crafts mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. David F. Königs
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Fukumoto Y, Hirano M, Chatani N. Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective C(sp3)–H Silylation of 4-Alkylpyridines at the Benzylic Position with Hydrosilanes Leading to 4-(1-Silylalkyl)pyridines. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Fukumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Wübbolt S, Maji MS, Irran E, Oestreich M. A Tethered Ru-S Complex with an Axial Chiral Thiolate Ligand for Cooperative Si-H Bond Activation: Application to Enantioselective Imine Reduction. Chemistry 2017; 23:6213-6219. [PMID: 28191742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An axial chiral version of the 2,6-dimesitylphenyl group attached to sulfur is reported. Its multistep preparation starts from (S)-binol, and the thiol group is established by a racemization-free thermal Newman-Kwart rearrangement. The new chiral thiolate ligand decorated with one mesityl group is used in the synthesis of a tethered ruthenium chloride complex. Its spectroscopic characterization revealed solvent-dependent epimerization at the ruthenium center. The major diastereomer is crystallographically characterized. Chloride abstraction with tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF4 ) yields the corresponding coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium complex with the Ru-S bond exposed. Si-H bond activation at this Ru-S bond proceeds in syn fashion but with moderate facial selectivity (d.r.=70:30), generating diastereomeric chiral-at-ruthenium hydrosilane adducts. Their application to catalytic imine hydrosilylation led to promising enantioinduction (40 % ee), thereby providing proof of concept for asymmetric catalysis involving cooperative Si-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Hidden Enantioselective Hydrogenation of N-Silyl Enamines and Silyl Enol Ethers in Net C═N and C═O Hydrosilylations Catalyzed by Ru–S Complexes with One Monodentate Chiral Phosphine Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Lipke MC, Liberman-Martin AL, Tilley TD. Elektrophile Aktivierung von Silicium-Wasserstoff- Bindungen in katalytischen Hydrosilierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemie; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemie; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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29
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Lipke MC, Liberman-Martin AL, Tilley TD. Electrophilic Activation of Silicon-Hydrogen Bonds in Catalytic Hydrosilations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2260-2294. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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30
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Omann L, Oestreich M. Catalytic Access to Indole-Fused Benzosiloles by 2-Fold Electrophilic C–H Silylation with Dihydrosilanes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Silicon Electrophiles: Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:52-59. [PMID: 27762042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry. It converts C-H bonds of sufficiently nucleophilic arenes into C-X and C-C bonds using either stoichiometrically added or catalytically generated electrophiles. These reactions proceed through Wheland complexes, cationic intermediates that rearomatize by proton release. Hence, these high-energy intermediates are nothing but protonated arenes and as such strong Brønsted acids. The formation of protons is an issue in those rare cases where the electrophilic aromatic substitution is reversible. This situation arises in the electrophilic silylation of C-H bonds as the energy of the intermediate Wheland complex is lowered by the β-silicon effect. As a consequence, protonation of the silylated arene is facile, and the reverse reaction usually occurs to afford the desilylated arene. Several new approaches to overcome this inherent challenge of C-H silylation by SE Ar were recently disclosed, and this Minireview summarizes this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation Promoted by Tethered Ru−S Complexes: From Cooperative Dihydrogen Activation to Hydride Abstraction/Proton Release from Dihydrogen Surrogates. Chemistry 2016; 22:10009-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Bähr S, Simonneau A, Irran E, Oestreich M. An Air-Stable Dimeric Ru–S Complex with an NHC as Ancillary Ligand for Cooperative Si–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Li B, Sortais JB, Darcel C. Amine synthesis via transition metal homogeneous catalysed hydrosilylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the preparation of amines involving homogeneous transition metal catalysed hydrosilylation including reductions of imines, amides, nitro and nitriles, reductive aminations and N-methylation of amines with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Christophe Darcel
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
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36
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Gandhamsetty N, Park S, Chang S. Selective Silylative Reduction of Pyridines Leading to Structurally Diverse Azacyclic Compounds with the Formation of sp³ C-Si Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15176-84. [PMID: 26580152 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed silylative reduction of pyridines has been developed giving rise to the formation of sp(3) C-Si bonds selectively beta to the nitrogen atom of azacyclic products. Depending on the position and nature of pyridine substituents, structurally diverse azacycles are obtained with high selectivity under the borane catalysis. Mechanistic studies elucidated the sequence of hydrosilylation in this multiple reduction cascade: 1,2- or 1,4-hydrosilylation as an initial step depending on the substituent position, followed by selective hydrosilylation of enamine double bonds eventually affording β-silylated azacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhulu Gandhamsetty
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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37
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Wübbolt S, Oestreich M. Catalytic Electrophilic C-H Silylation of Pyridines Enabled by Temporary Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15876-9. [PMID: 26593854 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A CH silylation of pyridines that seemingly proceeds through electrophilic aromatic substitution (SE Ar) is reported. Reactions of 2- and 3-substituted pyridines with hydrosilanes in the presence of a catalyst that splits the SiH bond into a hydride and a silicon electrophile yield the corresponding 5-silylated pyridines. This formal silylation of an aromatic CH bond is the result of a three-step sequence, consisting of a pyridine hydrosilylation, a dehydrogenative CH silylation of the intermediate enamine, and a 1,4-dihydropyridine retro-hydrosilylation. The key intermediates were detected by (1) H NMR spectroscopy and prepared through the individual steps. This complex interplay of electrophilic silylation, hydride transfer, and proton abstraction is promoted by a single catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Germany) http://www.organometallics.tu-berlin.de
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Germany) http://www.organometallics.tu-berlin.de.
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38
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Wübbolt S, Oestreich M. Katalytische elektrophile C‐H‐Silylierung von Pyridinen ermöglicht durch vorübergehende Aufhebung der Aromatizität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Deutschland) http://www.organometallics.tu‐berlin.de
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin (Deutschland) http://www.organometallics.tu‐berlin.de
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39
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Julián A, Polo V, Jaseer EA, Fernández-Alvarez FJ, Oro LA. Solvent-Free Iridium-Catalyzed Reactivity of CO2with Secondary Amines and Hydrosilanes. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Julián
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - E. A. Jaseer
- Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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40
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Omann L, Oestreich M. A Catalytic SEAr Approach to Dibenzosiloles Functionalized at Both Benzene Cores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10276-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Omann L, Oestreich M. Ein katalytischer SEAr-Zugang zu Dibenzosilolen mit Funktionalisierung an beiden Benzolkernen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Oestreich M, Hermeke J, Mohr J. A unified survey of Si-H and H-H bond activation catalysed by electron-deficient boranes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2202-20. [PMID: 25679769 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The bond activation chemistry of B(C6F5)3 and related electron-deficient boranes is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the fascinating development of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). B(C6F5)3's ability to catalytically activate Si-H bonds through η(1) coordination opened the door to several unique reduction processes. The ground-breaking finding that the same family of fully or partially fluorinated boron Lewis acids allows for the related H-H bond activation, either alone or as a component of an FLP, brought considerable momentum into the area of transition-metal-free hydrogenation and, likewise, hydrosilylation. This review comprehensively summarises synthetic methods involving borane-catalysed Si-H and H-H bond activation. Systems corresponding to an FLP-type situation are not covered. Aside from the broad manifold of C=X bond reductions and C=X/C-X defunctionalisations, dehydrogenative (oxidative) Si-H couplings are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Stahl T, Hrobárik P, Königs CDF, Ohki Y, Tatsumi K, Kemper S, Kaupp M, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Mechanism of the cooperative Si-H bond activation at Ru-S bonds. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4324-4334. [PMID: 29218203 PMCID: PMC5707498 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterolytic splitting of hydrosilanes by ruthenium(ii) thiolates is illuminated by a combined spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational analysis.
The nature of the hydrosilane activation mediated by ruthenium(ii) thiolate complexes of type [(R3P)Ru(SDmp)]+[BArF4]– is elucidated by an in-depth experimental and theoretical study. The combination of various ruthenium(ii) thiolate complexes and tertiary hydrosilanes under variation of the phosphine ligand and the substitution pattern at the silicon atom is investigated, providing detailed insight into the activation mode. The mechanism of action involves reversible heterolytic splitting of the Si–H bond across the polar Ru–S bond without changing the oxidation state of the metal, generating a ruthenium(ii) hydride and sulfur-stabilized silicon cations, i.e. metallasilylsulfonium ions. These stable yet highly reactive adducts, which serve as potent silicon electrophiles in various catalytic transformations, are fully characterized by systematic multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The structural assignment is further verified by successful isolation and crystallographic characterization of these key intermediates. Quantum-chemical analyses of diverse bonding scenarios are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings. Moreover, the calculations reveal that formation of the hydrosilane adducts proceeds via barrierless electrophilic activation of the hydrosilane by sterically controlled η1 (end-on) or η2 (side-on) coordination of the Si–H bond to the Lewis acidic metal center, followed by heterolytic cleavage of the Si–H bond through a concerted four-membered transition state. The Ru–S bond remains virtually intact during the Si–H bond activation event and also preserves appreciable bonding character in the hydrosilane adducts. The overall Si–H bond activation process is exergonic with ΔG0r ranging from –20 to –40 kJ mol–1, proceeding instantly already at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stahl
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - C David F Königs
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ; .,Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; ;
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Gandhamsetty N, Park J, Jeong J, Park SW, Park S, Chang S. Chemoselective Silylative Reduction of Conjugated Nitriles under Metal-Free Catalytic Conditions: β-Silyl Amines and Enamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gandhamsetty N, Park J, Jeong J, Park SW, Park S, Chang S. Chemoselective Silylative Reduction of Conjugated Nitriles under Metal-Free Catalytic Conditions: β-Silyl Amines and Enamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6832-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Krebs KM, Freitag S, Schubert H, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Wesemann L. Chemistry of Stannylene-Based Lewis Pairs: Dynamic Tin Coordination Switching Between Donor and Acceptor Character. Chemistry 2015; 21:4628-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Metsänen TT, Oestreich M. Temperature-Dependent Chemoselective Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde or Methanol Oxidation State. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni T. Metsänen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Rohde VHG, Pommerening P, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Intramolecularly Sulfur-Stabilized Silicon Cations as Lewis Acid Catalysts. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker H. G. Rohde
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip Pommerening
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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