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Huo T, Zhao X, Cheng Z, Wei J, Zhu M, Dou X, Jiao N. Late-stage modification of bioactive compounds: Improving druggability through efficient molecular editing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1030-1076. [PMID: 38487004 PMCID: PMC10935128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry plays an indispensable role in drug discovery, contributing to hit compounds identification, lead compounds optimization, candidate drugs preparation, and so on. As Nobel Prize laureate James Black emphasized, "the most fruitful basis for the discovery of a new drug is to start with an old drug"1. Late-stage modification or functionalization of drugs, natural products and bioactive compounds have garnered significant interest due to its ability to introduce diverse elements into bioactive compounds promptly. Such modifications alter the chemical space and physiochemical properties of these compounds, ultimately influencing their potency and druggability. To enrich a toolbox of chemical modification methods for drug discovery, this review focuses on the incorporation of halogen, oxygen, and nitrogen-the ubiquitous elements in pharmacophore components of the marketed drugs-through late-stage modification in recent two decades, and discusses the state and challenges faced in these fields. We also emphasize that increasing cooperation between chemists and pharmacists may be conducive to the rapid discovery of new activities of the functionalized molecules. Ultimately, we hope this review would serve as a valuable resource, facilitating the application of late-stage modification in the construction of novel molecules and inspiring innovative concepts for designing and building new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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2
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Zhao H, Zhao CY, Chen L, Xia C, Hong X, Xu S. Aryl Chloride-Directed Enantioselective C(sp 2)-H Borylation Enabled by Iridium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25214-25221. [PMID: 37934914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the iridium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H borylation of aryl chlorides. A variety of prochiral biaryl compounds could be well-tolerated, affording a vast array of axially chiral biaryls with high enantioselectivities. The current method exhibits a high turnover number (TON) of 7000, which represents the highest in functional-group-directed asymmetric C-H activation. The high TON was attributed to a weak catalyst-substrate interaction that was caused by mismatched chirality between catalyst and substrate. We also demonstrated the synthetic application of the current method by C-B, ortho-C-H, and C-Cl bond functionalization, including programmed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling for the synthesis of axially chiral polyarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Yue Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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3
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Yu IF, Wilson JW, Hartwig JF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Silylation and Borylation of C-H Bonds for the Synthesis and Functionalization of Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11619-11663. [PMID: 37751601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds in organic molecules containing functional groups has been one of the holy grails of catalysis. One synthetically important approach to the diverse functionalization of C-H bonds is the catalytic silylation or borylation of C-H bonds, which enables a broad array of downstream transformations to afford diverse structures. Advances in both undirected and directed methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds have led to their rapid adoption in early-, mid-, and late-stage of the synthesis of complex molecules. In this Review, we review the application of the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds to the synthesis of bioactive molecules, organic materials, and ligands. Overall, we aim to provide a picture of the state of art of the silylation and borylation of C-H bonds as applied to the synthesis and modification of diverse architectures that will spur further application and development of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jake W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Song SY, Zhou X, Ke Z, Xu S. Synthesis of Chiral Sulfoximines via Iridium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective C-H Borylation: A Remarkable Sidearm Effect of Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217130. [PMID: 36511841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation of prochiral sulfoximines for non-annulated products remains a formidable challenge. We herein report iridium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H borylation of N-silyl diaryl sulfoximines using a well-designed chiral bidentate boryl ligand with a bulky side arm. This method is capable of accommodating a broad range of substrates under mild reaction conditions, affording a vast array of chiral sulfoximines with high enantioselectivities. We also demonstrated the synthetic utility on a preparative-scale C-H borylation for diverse downstream transformations, including the synthesis of chiral version of bioactive molecules. Computational studies showed that the bulky side arm of the ligand confers high regio- and enantioselectivity through steric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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5
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Huo H, Li G, Shi B, Li J. Recent advances on synthesis and biological activities of C-17 aza-heterocycle derived steroids. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116882. [PMID: 35749841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Steroids modification for improving their biological activities is one of the most efficient and fruitful methods to develop novel medicines. Steroids with aza-heterocycles attaching to the C-17 owing various biological activities have received great attentions and some of the compounds are developed successfully as drugs. In this review, the research of the syntheses and biological activities of steroids bearing various aza-heterocycles published in the last 8 years is assembled, and some important structure-activity relationships (SARs) of active compounds are presented. According to the analysis of the literatures and our experiences in this field, the potential of aza-heterocyclic steroids as medicinal drugs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Huo
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Baojun Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China; Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China.
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Zimba HC, Baldassari LL, Moro AV. A copper-catalysed one-pot hydroboration/azidation/cycloaddition reaction of alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6239-6244. [PMID: 35611798 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report our study on the development of a catalytic one-pot process, showing the challenges and advantages encountered all over the way. At the end, we developed a regioselective, environmentally friendly, and operationally simple method to explore the reactivity of functionalized propargylic alkynes through three copper-catalysed reactions in a single reaction vessel. The sequence consisted of a hydroboration, azidation, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and led to the regioselective formation of vinyl 1,2,3-triazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton C Zimba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento, Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lucas L Baldassari
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento, Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Angélica V Moro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento, Gonçalves 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Song SY, Li Y, Ke Z, Xu S. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C–H Borylation of Diarylphosphinates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Yoshida S, Hazama Y, Kanemoto K, Nakamura Y, Hosoya T. Facile Synthesis of Diverse o-Iodoaryl Triflates from o-Silylaryl Triflates by Aluminum-mediated Desilyliodination. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuki Hazama
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yu Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Li X, Deng X, Coyne AG, Srinivasan R. meta-Nitration of Arenes Bearing ortho/para Directing Group(s) Using C-H Borylation. Chemistry 2019; 25:8018-8023. [PMID: 30974007 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the meta-nitration of arenes bearing ortho/para directing group(s) using the iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation reaction followed by a newly developed copper(II)-catalyzed transformation of the crude aryl pinacol boronate esters into the corresponding nitroarenes in a one-pot fashion. This protocol allows the synthesis of meta-nitrated arenes that are tedious to prepare or require multistep synthesis using the existing methods. The reaction tolerates a wide array of ortho/para-directing groups, such as -F, -Cl, -Br, -CH3 , -Et, -iPr -OCH3 , and -OCF3 . It also provides regioselective access to the nitro derivatives of π-electron-deficient heterocycles, such as pyridine and quinoline derivatives. The application of this method is demonstrated in the late-stage modification of complex molecules and also in the gram-scale preparation of an intermediate en route to the FDA-approved drug Nilotinib. Finally, we have shown that the nitro product obtained by this strategy can also be directly converted to the aniline or hindered amine through Baran's amination protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Building 24, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xingwang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Building 24, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Anthony G Coyne
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rajavel Srinivasan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Building 24, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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Pei X, Zhou G, Li X, Xu Y, Panicker RC, Srinivasan R. Sterically controlled C-H/C-H homocoupling of arenes via C-H borylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5703-5707. [PMID: 31140535 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00995g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild one-pot protocol for the synthesis of symmetrical biaryls by sequential Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation and Cu-catalyzed homocoupling of arenes is described. The regiochemistry of the biaryl formed is sterically controlled as dictated by the C-H borylation step. The methodology is also successfully extended to heteroarenes. Some of the products obtained by this approach are impossible to obtain via the Ullmann or the Suzuki coupling protocols. Finally, we have shown a one-pot sequence describing C-H borylation/Cu-catalyzed homocoupling/Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling to obtain π-extended arene frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, Building 24, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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Xu L, Wang G, Zhang S, Wang H, Wang L, Liu L, Jiao J, Li P. Recent advances in catalytic C−H borylation reactions. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Horn PA, Braun RK, Isoppo VG, Costa JSD, Lüdtke DS, Moro AV. Combining Copper-Catalyzed Hydroboration with Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling for the One-pot Synthesis of Arylallylamines under Micellar Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Horn
- Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Roger K. Braun
- Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Victória G. Isoppo
- Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Jessie S. da Costa
- Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Diogo S. Lüdtke
- Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Angélica V. Moro
- Institute of Chemistry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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13
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Phosphine and palladium-free synthesis of aryl and alkenyl boronates: A nano-catalytic approach. CATAL COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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