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Mamahit YP, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of homogeneous misfolded glycoprotein interleukin-8. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108847. [PMID: 37354703 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
To uncover how cells distinguish between misfolded and correctly-folded glycoproteins, homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins are needed as a probe for analysis of their structure and chemical characteristic nature. In this study, we have synthesized misfolded glycosyl interleukin-8 (IL-8) by combining E. coli expression and chemical synthesis to improve the synthetic efficiency. In order to prepare N-terminal peptide-thioester segment (1-33), we prepared an E. coli expressed peptide and then activated the C-terminal Cys by using an intramolecular N-to-S acyl shift reaction, followed by trans-thioesterification of the Cys-thioester with an external bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amine (SEA). The glycopeptide segment (34-49) was prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis and the C-terminal peptide (50-72) was prepared in E. coli. These peptide and glycopeptide segments were successfully coupled by sequential native chemical ligation. To obtain homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins by shuffling the disulfide bond pattern, folding conditions were optimized to maximize the yield of individual homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugoviandi P Mamahit
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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Tian J, Li Y, Ma B, Tan Z, Shang S. Automated Peptide Synthesizers and Glycoprotein Synthesis. Front Chem 2022; 10:896098. [PMID: 35601548 PMCID: PMC9117762 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.896098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of commercially available automated peptide synthesizers has played an essential role in almost all areas of peptide and protein research. Recent advances in peptide synthesis method and solid-phase chemistry provide new opportunities for optimizing synthetic efficiency of peptide synthesizers. The efforts in this direction have led to the successful preparation of peptides up to more than 150 amino acid residues in length. Such success is particularly useful for addressing the challenges associated with the chemical synthesis of glycoproteins. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the evolution of peptide synthesizer and glycoprotein synthesis. The discussions in this article include the principles underlying the representative synthesizers, the strengths and weaknesses of different synthesizers in light of their principles, and how to further improve the applicability of peptide synthesizers in glycoprotein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiekang Tian
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongping Tan, ; Shiying Shang,
| | - Shiying Shang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongping Tan, ; Shiying Shang,
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3
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Revealing functional significance of interleukin‐2 glycoproteoforms enabled by expressed serine ligation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nomura K, Liu Y, Kajihara Y. Synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins with diverse N-glycans. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 81:57-93. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Chong YK, Chandrashekar C, Zhao D, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y. Optimization of Semisynthetic Approach for Glycosyl Interferon-β-polypeptide by Utilizing Bacterial Protein Expression and Chemical Modification. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1907-1915. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a sufficient amount of homogenous glycoprotein is of great interest because the natural glycoproteins show a considerable heterogeneity in oligosaccharide structures making the studies of glycan structure-function relationship...
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Okamoto R, Iritani K, Amazaki Y, Zhao D, Chandrashekar C, Maki Y, Kanemitsu Y, Kaino T, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of a Homogeneous Glycoprotein Using Chemical Transformation of Peptides to Thioester Surrogates. J Org Chem 2021; 87:114-124. [PMID: 34889597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semisynthesis using recombinant polypeptides as building blocks is a powerful approach for the preparation of proteins with a variety of modifications such as glycosylation. The activation of the C terminus of recombinant peptides is a key step for coupling peptide building blocks and preparing a full-length polypeptide of a target protein. This article reports two chemical approaches for transformation of the C terminus of recombinant polypeptides to thioester surrogates. The first approach relies on efficient substitution of the C-terminal Cys residue with bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amine (SEA) to yield peptide-thioester surrogates. The second approach employs a native tripeptide, cysteinyl-glycyl-cysteine (CGC), to yield peptide-thioesters via a process mediated by a thioester surrogate. Both chemical transformation methods employ native peptide sequences and were thereby successfully applied to recombinant polypeptides. As a consequence, we succeeded in the semisynthesis of a glycosylated form of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kento Iritani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoko Amazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Chaitra Chandrashekar
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yurie Kanemitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoka Kaino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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7
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Nomura K, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Satoh A, Kajihara Y. Glycoprotein Semisynthesis by Chemical Insertion of Glycosyl Asparagine Using a Bifunctional Thioacid-Mediated Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10157-10167. [PMID: 34189908 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a major modification of secreted and cell surface proteins, and the resultant glycans show considerable heterogeneity in their structures. To understand the biological processes arising from each glycoform, the preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins is essential for extensive biological experiments. To establish a more robust and rapid synthetic route for the synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins, we studied several key reactions based on amino thioacids. We found that diacyl disulfide coupling (DDC) formed with glycosyl asparagine thioacid and peptide thioacid yielded glycopeptides. This efficient coupling reaction enabled us to develop a new glycoprotein synthesis method, such as the bifunctional thioacid-mediated strategy, which can couple two peptides with the N- and C-termini of glycosyl asparagine thioacid. Previous glycoprotein synthesis methods required valuable glycosyl asparagine in the early stage and subsequent multiple glycoprotein synthesis routes, whereas the developed concept can generate glycoproteins within a few steps from peptide and glycosyl asparagine thioacid. Herein, we report the characterization of the DDC of amino thioacids and the efficient ability of glycosyl asparagine thioacid to be used for robust glycoprotein semisynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
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Abstract
Protein semisynthesis-defined herein as the assembly of a protein from a combination of synthetic and recombinant fragments-is a burgeoning field of chemical biology that has impacted many areas in the life sciences. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of this area. We begin by discussing the various chemical and enzymatic methods now available for the manufacture of custom proteins containing noncoded elements. This section begins with a discussion of methods that are more chemical in origin and ends with those that employ biocatalysts. We also illustrate the commonalities that exist between these seemingly disparate methods and show how this is allowing for the development of integrated chemoenzymatic methods. This methodology discussion provides the technical foundation for the second part of the review where we cover the great many biological problems that have now been addressed using these tools. Finally, we end the piece with a short discussion on the frontiers of the field and the opportunities available for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W. Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Orii R, Sakamoto N, Fukami D, Tsuda S, Izumi M, Kajihara Y, Okamoto R. Total Synthesis of O
-GalNAcylated Antifreeze Glycoprotein using the Switchable Reactivity of Peptidyl-N
-pivaloylguanidine. Chemistry 2017; 23:9253-9257. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Orii
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Noriko Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Daichi Fukami
- Transdisciplinary Life Science Course; Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University and Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo Hokkaido 0628517 Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Transdisciplinary Life Science Course; Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University and Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo Hokkaido 0628517 Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; 1-1, Toyonaka Osaka 5600043 Japan
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10
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Okamoto R. Recent Advancements in the Preparation of Structurally Defined Glycoproteins. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1612.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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11
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Okamoto R. Recent Advancements in the Preparation of Structurally Defined Glycoproteins. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1612.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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12
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Recent advances in the preparation of Fmoc-SPPS-based peptide thioester and its surrogates for NCL-type reactions. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Okamoto R, Isoe M, Izumi M, Kajihara Y. An efficient solid-phase synthesis of peptidyl-N-acetylguanidines for use in native chemical ligation. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:343-51. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry; Osaka University; 1-1, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Madoka Isoe
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry; Osaka University; 1-1, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry; Osaka University; 1-1, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry; Osaka University; 1-1, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka Japan
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Akbulut H, Endo T, Yamada S, Yagci Y. Synthesis and characterization of polyphenylenes with polypeptide and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Akbulut
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kinki University; 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kinki University; 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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